This document provides information on the World Trade Organization (WTO): 1. It lists the name of the current Director-General of the WTO, Pascal Lamy, and details that he assumed the role in 1995 in Geneva, Switzerland following the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations. 2. It describes some of the key functions of the WTO, including administering trade agreements, providing a forum for trade negotiations, setting procedures for settling disputes between members, and assisting developing countries. 3. It notes that the WTO coordinates with its Secretariat staff of over 500 people including economists, statisticians, lawyers and other experts to facilitate its work.

2. KAUSTUBH GUPTA – E31,NEHA GOSAIN – ,KRANTI- E47 ,DEVENDRA- E 24, MANISH- E 51

3. WWW.WTO.ORG
WWW.SCRIBD.COM
WWW.WORLDTRADEREVIEW.COM
WWW.UN.ORG
BRITANICA ENCYCLOPEDIA
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4. MR PRASCAL LAMY
GENEVA
WHO : PASCAL LAMY
WHEN : 1st JANUARY 1995
WHERE : GENEVA,SWITZERLAND
HOW : URUGUAY ROUND OF NEGOTIATIONS FRANC
WITH : 159 MEMBER COUNTRIES, TAJAKISTAN INDUCTED IN MARCH 2013
MEANS : 200 MILLION SWISS FRANCS

5. P2
P1 P3
CONSULATATIONS & TALKS ON
ANALYSIS OF TRADE &
ECONOMIC POLICIES OF CONSESSIONS TO MARKET OFFICIAL
APPLICANT COUNTRY ENTRY TO THE MEMBER DOCUMENTATION
COUNTRIES

6. CENTRE WILLAM RAPPARD
AN INSIDE VIEW

7. INTEGRATION OF WORLD ECONOMIES

8. WORLS TRADE ORGANIZATION COORDINATES WITH ITS SECRETARIAT,WHICH
EMPLOYEES 500 + STAFF INCLUDING ECONOMISTS,STATISTICIANS,LAWYERS AND
OTHER EXPERTS IN RELATED AREA OF CONCERN
● WTO AGREEMENTS COVER GOODS,SERVICES,INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY.
● AGREEMENTS INCLUDE COMMITMENTS TO LOWER CUSTOMS DUTIES
AND OTHER TRADE BARRIERS COUPLED WITH OPENING OF MARKETS.
● IMPORTANTLY WTO SET PROCEDURES TO SETTLE DISPUTES
● TRADE NEGOTIATIONS AND CREATING LEVEL PLAYING FIELD FOR ALL.
● COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS.
● ASSISTING TECHNICALY & DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.

10. Y THIS KOLAVERI ??

11. Frame work starts with basic principles
1. GENERAL AGREMENT ON TARRIFS & TRADE (GATT)
2. GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES (GATS)
3. TRADE RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (TRIPS)
4. TRADE RELATED INVESTMENT MEASURES (TRIMS)
TRIPS TRIMS GATS
LITERAL WORK TO FACILITATE INVESTMENTS MOVEMENT OF PERSONS
ARTISTIC WORK TO LIBERALIZE WORLD TRADE AIR TRANSPORT
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY TO STRIKE OUT INVESTMENT FINANCIAL SERVICES
MEASURES WHICH CAN
CREATE HINDRANCE
TAKINF INTO ACCOUNT NEEDS SHIPPING
OF DEVELOPING AND LEAST
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

12. It is the GATT Uruguay Round Agreement on Trade Related Intellectual Property.
It deals with the protection & enforcement of “Trade-Related” intellectual property
“rights". It establishes minimum levels of protection that each government has to give to
the intellectual property of fellow WTO members
DEALS IN :
How basic principles of the trading system and other international intellectual property
agreements should be applied
●How to give adequate protection to intellectual property rights
●How countries should enforce those rights adequately in their own territories
●How to settle disputes on intellectual property between members of the WTO
●Special transitional arrangements during the period when the new system is being
introduced.

13. Intellectual Property comprises 2 distinct forms:
* Literary & Artistic Works
* Industrial Property
LITERARY & ARTISTIC WORKS INCLUDE books, paintings, musical compositions,
plays, operas, movies, radio/ tv programs, performances, & other artistic works.
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY envelops patented objects, trade secrets, geographical
indications.

14. Trade related Investment Measures does not provide any new language , but It
concentrates on 2 major articles. Article III & Article IX which talks about National
Treatment and Trade Restrictions respectively.
DEALS IN :
ARTICLE XI
ARTICLE III
●National treatment of imported ●Prohibition of quantitative
product, unless specified in other restrictions on imports and
agreements. exports.
●Subjects the purchase or use by ●Part of the general trend in
an enterprise of imported products to less textiles and agriculture to phase
favorable conditions than the purchase or out the use of quantitative
use of domestic products. restrictions.

15.  OBJECTIVES-to secure the eventual integration of textiles and clothing sector
 This Arrangement was not negative for all developing countries. For example the
European Union (EU) imposed no restrictions or duties on imports from the very
poorest countries, such as Bangladesh, leading to a massive expansion of the industry
there.

16. The End of Textiles Quotas:
A Case Study of the Impact on Bangladesh
Under the WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), all textile and clothing
(T&C) quotas maintained by industrial countries under the now defunct Multifiber
Arrangement (MFA) would be removed over the period 1995-2005.
During the 10-year transition period, the remaining quotas would also be enlarged .
Because these quotas are bilateral and the extent of their restrictiveness varies from
country to country, their removal will alter competitiveness of individual exporting
countries
Countries that have been facing more restrictive quotas will see their competitive
position improve after the quotas are removed, while those that have been less
restricted by quotas may find it difficult to maintain their current market share

17. General Agreement on Trade in Services, is the first and the only comprehensive
multilateral discipline covering international trade in Services. It was negotiated during
Uruguay Round and came into force along with other WTO agreements in January
1995.
A simple definition of services is that services are the tradables, which are
intangible, invisible, and incapable of storage and, therefore, requiring simultaneous
production and consumption. This description does have its limitations as technical
advancements have made it possible for the services to be visible and capable of storage
(for example, a foreign consultant prepares a documentary film for a local company and
sends it to that company in the form of a video cassette)
As per WTO services are divided into 12 areas and sub divided into 164 areas
Business Services, Communication Services, Construction and
Engineering Services ,Distribution Services, Education Services,Environmental
Services, Financial Services,Health Services, Tourism and travel
Services, Recreation, cultural and sporting Services, Transport Services, Other
Services not included elsewhere.

18. MODES OF SUPPLY OF SERVICES
Mode 1: (Cross - Border Supply) - This refers to the delivery of service from the territory
of one country to the territory of the other country by crossing international border.
examples : financial trading, maritime transport and telecommunication services.
Mode 2: (Consumption Abroad) - In this method, consumer moves to a foreign country
to get services, such as tourism, education, medical treatment etc. examples :such as
repair and maintenance of aircrafts.
Mode 3: (Commercial Presence) - In this method, foreign service-providing companies
establish their local subsidiary offices (affiliates) to supply services in the domestic
market. Establishment of local branches of foreign banks or insurance companies is
example of services provided through this mode.
Mode 4: (Movement of Natural persons) - In this mode, the service supplying foreign
person moves to the host territory on temporary basis.
examples : business consultants, engineers and I.T. experts traveling to some country for
a short period of time.

19. The important principles falling in this category are Most Favoured Nation principle (MFN),
Domestic Regulations and Transparency.
MFN is the first principle and key instrument to prevent discrimination amongst the trading
partners and it is included in all the agreements of the WTO.
First principle "Most Favoured Nation" may be confusing but the principle itself is quite
simple.
It means that if a country grants a favour (tariff concession, favourable rules,
formalities etc.) to any other country, the same favour shall have to be granted
to all the member countries of the WTO (there are few exceptions also to this
rule).
Second important principle to be followed is that of “transparency” which means
that the information relevant to Trade in Services regarding domestic policies,
procedures, laws and regulations should be notified to the WTO Secretariat to be
circulated amongst all other member countries.
Third principle is related to the right of each member to “regulate on the supply
of services within her territory”.

20. PAKISTAN BESTOWED MFN STATUS TO INDIA