The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in 1995 as the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. It has 164 member countries and seeks to liberalize trade through negotiations, establish global trade rules, settle disputes, and review trade policies. While WTO membership provides benefits like market access and dispute settlement, it also poses challenges for developing nations and their policies around agriculture and food security. Recent issues involve Japan threatening India with a WTO case over steel trade restrictions and India pushing for negotiations on food security programs.

1. MADE BY:
GROUP 3
ABHISHEKCHATURVEDI
ISHA SAXENA
KULDEEP RUPNANI
SHUBHANSHUGUPTA
SURABHI SINHA

2. Introduction of WTO
 World Trade Organization (WTO) was established on 1st January 1995.
 It is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between
nations.
 The WTO (World Trade Organization) is an association of 164 member countries, of the
195 countries in the world today. There are another 22 countries that have observer
status, a step that precedes becoming a full-fledged member.
 So almost all the countries in the world are members. There are all types of countries in
the WTO, capitalist, socialist, very industrialized, developed countries and developing
countries.

3. World Trade Organization (WTO)
Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
Founded: 1 January 1995
Created by: Uruguay Round negotiations (1986-94)
Director-General: Roberto Azevêdo
Staff: 640

4. The important objectives of WTO are:
1. To improve the standard of living of people in the member countries.
2. To ensure full employment and broad increase in effective demand.
3. To enlarge production and trade of goods.
4. To increase the trade of services.
5. To ensure optimum utilization of world resources.
6. To protect the environment.
7. To accept the concept of sustainable development.

5. WTO's main activities are:
— Negotiating the reduction or elimination of obstacles to trade (import tariffs, other barriers to trade)
and agreeing on rules governing the conduct of international trade (e.g. antidumping, subsidies,
product standards, etc.)
— Administering and monitoring the application of the WTO's agreed rules for trade in goods, trade in
services, and trade-related intellectual property rights
— Monitoring and reviewing the trade policies of our members, as well as ensuring transparency of
regional and bilateral trade agreements
— Settling disputes among our members regarding the interpretation and application of the agreements
— Building capacity of developing country government officials in international trade matters
— Assisting the process of accession of some 30 countries who are not yet members of the organization
— Conducting economic research and collecting and disseminating trade data in support of the WTO's
other main activities.

6. Structure of WTO

7. India is one of the founding member of WTO . There has been several benefits for India along with few
concerns by virtue of its participation in the multilateral trading system within WTO.
Here goes some of the benefits :-
(a.) WTO has helped India to improve its export competitiveness.
(b.) Lower tariff barriers and market access has helped India to integrate and participate in the global
economy in a more efficient manner.
(c.) Transfer & Exchange of Technology ,ideas etc. has been of tremendous help for India in pursuit of
its growth and development.
(d.) Having market access has helped in reduction of cost and time which would have otherwise
required for bilateral trade negotiations.
(e.) A well defined and structured dispute settlement mechanism also makes it easier to settle the
trade disputes.
IMAPCT ON INDIAN ECONOMY

8. WTO also poses some serious challenges to the Indian agriculture.
Issue of permanent "Peace Clause" and formula to calculate food subsidy cap of 10% is yet to get
clarified.
Poor farmers are bound to be at the receiving end who might be deprived of the subsidies which they
receive from the government in the form of Minimum Support Price (MSP).
Since India has recently ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement now they can't deny market access
to the other countries.
It might prove detrimental to the farmers to a certain extent because once the foreign players enters
the domestic market completely it would be a herculean task for the Indian farmers to compete with
them owing to their lack of competence in terms of production, quality,technology, manufacturing
cost etc.

9.  Industry seeks foreign partners for trade pact
1.India’s top industry bodies are attempting to build a coalition with counterparts in other nations with
similar interests to give a fillip to the country’s proposal.
2.Trade Facilitation in Services (TFS) Agreement at the World Trade Organisation (WTO)-level.
 Japan threatens to drag India to WTO on steel
What? Japan is threatening to take India to the WTO
Why? Indian trade restrictions that nearly halved Japan’s steel exports to India over the past year
Indian restrictions: India imposed duties of up to 20% on some hot-rolled flat steel products in September
2015, and set a floor price in February 2016 for steel product imports to deter countries such as China,
Japan and South Korea from undercutting local mill.
 India to put pressure on WTO to focus on food security issues
What: India has decided to increase pressure on the WTO to expedite negotiations on food security
matters to ensure that these are not thrust to the background at the next Ministerial meet in Buenos Aires
in December 2017.
This is to protect farmers in developing countries and a permanent solution to the public stockholding
programed for a while
RECENT ISSUE

10. Conclusion
 It is the place where the member country comes and talks together and shares their grievance in order to
resolve their problem related to International trade.
 The countries make their decisions through various councils and committees, whose membership consists
of all WTO members.
 The system helps promote peace, by handling Dispute of member countries. It provides free trade which
cuts the costs of living and provides more choice of products and qualities and stimulates economic
growth.

11.  www.wto.org
 http://www.civilsdaily.com/story/wto-and-india/
 http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/trade-2/world-trade-organization-wto-objectives-and-
functions/23529/