This document discusses the importance of legal writing and provides tips for writing publishable legal articles. It notes that legal writing helps bridge the gap between legal education and practice by integrating theory and practice. Good legal writing involves legal analysis, research, investigation, advocacy, and problem-solving. The document recommends writing about topics you know well and avoiding plagiarism. It suggests having a clear title, structure like an exposition, confrontation, and resolution, and following formatting and style guidelines. The document provides examples of article topics and how to pitch articles to legal websites, including compiling work in a portfolio. It concludes by offering smaller steps law schools can take to promote legal writing skills.
A literature review analyzes and summarizes existing research on a topic. It determines what has been studied, identifies strengths and weaknesses in the literature, and provides background for new research. The review should compare authors' views, critique methodologies, highlight gaps, and show how a new project relates to prior work. To write one, a researcher defines their topic, searches relevant sources, analyzes and interprets their findings, and discusses conclusions. A literature review typically includes an introduction describing the topic and scope, body paragraphs analyzing key studies and viewpoints, and a conclusion summarizing agreements, disagreements and areas for further research.
This document provides guidance on producing a literature review. It defines a literature review as a paper that compiles, outlines, and evaluates previously established research and relates it to the author's own thesis. The document is divided into six sections that cover general information about literature reviews, the process for completing one, common organizational structures, formats, a checklist, and resources. It emphasizes establishing a clear thesis, logically organizing information, and critically analyzing sources to draw comparisons that support the thesis.
This document provides guidance on writing law review articles, including how to refine a thesis, structure the article, and properly cite sources. It recommends beginning with an interesting problem or gap in the law. The body should include background on legal doctrines and prove the claim in multiple sections. Sections should integrate facts, cases, and policies to demonstrate the thesis is correct. Footnotes should reference sources, facts, and ideas to allow readers to evaluate the analysis and build on the argument. Proper legal citation and credible sources are important. The conclusion should restate the claim and implications. Overall, the writing should have a measured tone and tight structure to effectively persuade readers.
The document provides guidance on formatting bibliographic citations in papers. It discusses formatting the paper, creating a reference list, and using parenthetical or in-text citations. For the reference list, sources should be listed alphabetically by author's last name and identify and credit all sources used. Parenthetical citations within the text must point to specific sources in the reference list and distinguish quoted text from paraphrased ideas. The document explains guidelines for citations in MLA and APA styles.
This document provides guidance on creating an annotated bibliography, including: defining an annotated bibliography as a list of citations for sources used in research along with a description and evaluation of each source; outlining the required components of each bibliography entry; offering questions to consider when writing annotations; identifying appropriate and inappropriate source types; and providing tips for writing effective annotations.
This document provides an overview of legal writing workshops. It discusses the different types of writing like creative, journalistic, and legal writing. It also outlines the different forms of legal writing like academic essays, case comments, legal drafting, and different types of legal applications. The document emphasizes that legal writing should frame an issue, analyze it, and come to a conclusion. It also discusses concepts like clear, concise, structured, and referenced (CCSR) writing. The document provides examples of how to structure case comments and legislative comments. It also discusses plagiarism and proper formatting and citation. Finally, it identifies resources for legal research.
This document provides guidance on writing various sections that may be included in a research study report or proposal. It discusses the purpose and content of sections such as the abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and references. It also provides example outlines for sections of a research proposal, such as the introduction, project description, and budget. Sample links are included for additional reference on topics like writing the abstract, introduction, methodology, results, and references sections.
This document discusses the importance of legal writing and provides tips for writing publishable legal articles. It notes that legal writing helps bridge the gap between legal education and practice by integrating theory and practice. Good legal writing involves legal analysis, research, investigation, advocacy, and problem-solving. The document recommends writing about topics you know well and avoiding plagiarism. It suggests having a clear title, structure like an exposition, confrontation, and resolution, and following formatting and style guidelines. The document provides examples of article topics and how to pitch articles to legal websites, including compiling work in a portfolio. It concludes by offering smaller steps law schools can take to promote legal writing skills.
A literature review analyzes and summarizes existing research on a topic. It determines what has been studied, identifies strengths and weaknesses in the literature, and provides background for new research. The review should compare authors' views, critique methodologies, highlight gaps, and show how a new project relates to prior work. To write one, a researcher defines their topic, searches relevant sources, analyzes and interprets their findings, and discusses conclusions. A literature review typically includes an introduction describing the topic and scope, body paragraphs analyzing key studies and viewpoints, and a conclusion summarizing agreements, disagreements and areas for further research.
This document provides guidance on producing a literature review. It defines a literature review as a paper that compiles, outlines, and evaluates previously established research and relates it to the author's own thesis. The document is divided into six sections that cover general information about literature reviews, the process for completing one, common organizational structures, formats, a checklist, and resources. It emphasizes establishing a clear thesis, logically organizing information, and critically analyzing sources to draw comparisons that support the thesis.
This document provides guidance on writing law review articles, including how to refine a thesis, structure the article, and properly cite sources. It recommends beginning with an interesting problem or gap in the law. The body should include background on legal doctrines and prove the claim in multiple sections. Sections should integrate facts, cases, and policies to demonstrate the thesis is correct. Footnotes should reference sources, facts, and ideas to allow readers to evaluate the analysis and build on the argument. Proper legal citation and credible sources are important. The conclusion should restate the claim and implications. Overall, the writing should have a measured tone and tight structure to effectively persuade readers.
The document provides guidance on formatting bibliographic citations in papers. It discusses formatting the paper, creating a reference list, and using parenthetical or in-text citations. For the reference list, sources should be listed alphabetically by author's last name and identify and credit all sources used. Parenthetical citations within the text must point to specific sources in the reference list and distinguish quoted text from paraphrased ideas. The document explains guidelines for citations in MLA and APA styles.
This document provides guidance on creating an annotated bibliography, including: defining an annotated bibliography as a list of citations for sources used in research along with a description and evaluation of each source; outlining the required components of each bibliography entry; offering questions to consider when writing annotations; identifying appropriate and inappropriate source types; and providing tips for writing effective annotations.
This document provides an overview of legal writing workshops. It discusses the different types of writing like creative, journalistic, and legal writing. It also outlines the different forms of legal writing like academic essays, case comments, legal drafting, and different types of legal applications. The document emphasizes that legal writing should frame an issue, analyze it, and come to a conclusion. It also discusses concepts like clear, concise, structured, and referenced (CCSR) writing. The document provides examples of how to structure case comments and legislative comments. It also discusses plagiarism and proper formatting and citation. Finally, it identifies resources for legal research.
This document provides guidance on writing various sections that may be included in a research study report or proposal. It discusses the purpose and content of sections such as the abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and references. It also provides example outlines for sections of a research proposal, such as the introduction, project description, and budget. Sample links are included for additional reference on topics like writing the abstract, introduction, methodology, results, and references sections.
Doing a Literature Review Reference ListHOOIPENGLIM2
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review, including how to situate research within the existing literature, critically review relevant literature, and identify gaps. It discusses writing a literature review by theme, sector, or development of ideas. Guidelines are given for citing sources in text and creating a reference list using various source types like books, articles, websites. The document emphasizes the importance of a critical approach to interpreting and synthesizing published work.
This document provides guidelines for a term paper, including important dates, facts, design specifications, and tips. Students must submit their term paper application by November 15th, which requires their supervisor and program head's signatures. The final paper is due April 24th and must be uploaded online. Papers will be evaluated using a review form and checked for plagiarism. The paper should be 1.5 author sheets (30 pages) following a specific format. The introduction should provide context and goals, while the body will cover theory, research, analysis, results, and conclusion. Strict citation guidelines must be followed to avoid plagiarism.
The document provides guidance on conducting an effective literature review. It defines a literature review as a written overview of major writings on a selected topic, including scholarly articles, books, reports, and websites. The purpose is to understand what others have researched on the topic, identify inconsistencies and gaps, and justify further research. The literature review should include an objective, topic overview, categorization of sources, discussion of source similarities and differences, and identify relationships between works. Sources should be evaluated based on author expertise, evidence supporting arguments, consideration of opposing viewpoints, and contribution to understanding the topic.
The document discusses the key components and structure of a research report, including the title page, acknowledgements, summary, table of contents, introduction, literature review, methodology, analysis, conclusion, and references. It provides details on each section and explains the purpose and contents. Standard referencing systems are also outlined for citing sources in the text and bibliography.
This document provides guidance for sociology students conducting research. It discusses identifying relevant empirical articles for a thesis topic from academic journals. The document outlines key terms to search for articles, such as searching for phrases using quotation marks. It also discusses disciplines other than sociology that may be relevant. The document provides tips for properly formatting citations in APA or SON of Citation Machine style and common citation errors to avoid. It informs students how to obtain full texts of articles through the university library.
This document discusses referencing styles and provides guidance on citing sources. It defines referencing and citing, and distinguishes between references and bibliographies. Reasons for referencing include acknowledging others' work, allowing readers to find sources, avoiding plagiarism, and adding credibility. The document reviews several referencing styles including APA, Chicago, and MLA styles. It provides examples of how to reference different source types such as books, journal articles, and websites. Referencing tools that can help manage citations are also introduced.
A research paper summarizes existing knowledge on a topic by analyzing and organizing information from multiple sources. The research process involves selecting a topic, conducting preliminary research, taking notes, outlining findings, writing drafts, and providing citations and a bibliography. Key parts of a research paper include an introduction with a thesis statement, body paragraphs analyzing subtopics, and a conclusion. Sources can include encyclopedias, books, interviews, websites and more.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key terminology related to journals. It defines what a journal is, discusses different types of journals including academic, trade, current affairs, popular and newspapers. It also explains concepts like volume and issue, types of publications, ISSN, editorial boards, frequency of publication, peer review, double blind review, abstracts, title pages, indexed and impact factor of journals, review articles, open access journals, and copyright.
The document discusses different types of literature used in systematics and ecology, including primary sources like experimental data and journal articles, secondary sources like reviews and meta-analyses that interpret primary sources, and tertiary sources like encyclopedias and textbooks that compile and distill primary and secondary sources. It also discusses grey literature produced by organizations. The document outlines tools for synthesizing information like narrative reviews, vote counting, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, and discusses best practices for conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses, such as choosing search terms and refining searches.
Technical writing, an introduction to academic writingColleen Farrelly
Will likely be turning this into a YouTube talk at some point, but gives resources, breakdowns of parts of a scientific paper, and tips to avoid plagiarism.
This document provides guidelines for creating annotated bibliographies in APA style. An annotated bibliography consists of a citation in APA style format followed by a brief summary and evaluation of the source called an annotation. The annotation should summarize the main ideas of the source and include the writer's own statement evaluating the quality and relevance to their research topic. A sample annotated bibliography is provided with three annotations demonstrating the proper format.
The document discusses writing styles across different academic disciplines, including the humanities, social sciences, and sciences. In the humanities, writing employs longer paragraphs and sentences, imagery, metaphors, and active voice. Evidence is textual and based on close readings. In the social sciences, quantitative and qualitative methods are used, aiming for objectivity. Writing focuses on facts, data, and conforming to IMRAD structure. In the sciences, precise language is used with an emphasis on clarity and conciseness in describing methods, results, and references according to CSE style.
The document provides an overview of the APA style format for research papers. It discusses the key sections including the title page, abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, and references. Each section is described in detail outlining the formatting and content requirements. Examples are provided for how to structure tables, write in-text citations, and reference list entries according to APA style guidelines. The document serves as a guide for writing research papers in APA format.
The document discusses various citation databases and metrics for evaluating publications and journals. It describes Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar as the major citation databases. It provides details on the coverage, citation data included, and analytical tools available for each database. The document also explains journal citation reports, which allow comparison of journals using citation data. Key metrics for journals are defined, including impact factor, eigenfactor, and article influence score. Quartile comparisons that enable evaluation of journal rankings are also outlined.
This document provides guidance on finding citation information using Web of Science. It describes how to use Web of Science to find out how many times an article has been cited to gauge its impact, discover related articles, access citation reports for a subject, and conduct a cited reference search. It explains how to view citation counts, citing articles, journal impact, create citation reports, analyze search results, and search by cited references. The document includes screenshots to demonstrate these functions within the Web of Science interface.
This document provides guidance on conducting sociological research, including identifying key terms and variables related to the research topic, considering other relevant disciplines, finding empirical articles to connect concepts, addressing common citation errors, and obtaining full texts when needed. Guidelines are offered for searching databases, properly formatting citations, and requesting articles through interlibrary loan.
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND CITATIONS IN MICROSOFT WORDnikhil nagar
The document discusses bibliographies and citation styles. It explains that a bibliography lists all sources used in a research paper and helps researchers keep track of consulted sources. Different citation styles like APA, MLA, and Chicago dictate how to format in-text citations and reference lists. The document provides examples of in-text citations and reference list entries in APA, MLA and Chicago styles, and explains how to insert citations and create bibliographies using Microsoft Word.
The document provides guidance for writing a research paper, including the different types (issues-based and literary analysis), the research and writing process, requirements, and examples. It outlines selecting a topic, conducting research from various sources, creating an outline and thesis, drafting and revising the paper, and properly citing sources and avoiding plagiarism. Students are expected to incorporate quotes, paraphrases, and citations from at least 3-5 sources in a 3-5 page paper following MLA format.
Scholarly journals and popular magazines differ in their purpose, style, and content. Scholarly journals contain original research that has undergone peer review, with authors citing sources and including in-depth qualitative or quantitative analysis. They are written by experts in a field for other scholars. Popular magazines aim to inform and entertain the general public with shorter, less in-depth articles by staff writers or freelancers. They include advertisements and do not normally cite external sources. While magazines provide background on current topics, scholarly journals are used to support academic research.
This document discusses different styles of referencing used in academic writing. It outlines six common styles - Harvard, APA, Vancouver, MLA, Chicago and Royal Society of Chemistry. Each style has different conventions for formatting in-text citations and reference lists, such as whether to include the author's initials, use of quotation marks and italics. The purpose of referencing is to give credit to other authors, prove research was conducted, and avoid plagiarism. The conclusion reiterates that authors should select a standard style to present references.
This document discusses different citation styles including Harvard, Irish Historical Journal, and APA style. It lists these three citation styles and notes that more styles will be added in the future.
Doing a Literature Review Reference ListHOOIPENGLIM2
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review, including how to situate research within the existing literature, critically review relevant literature, and identify gaps. It discusses writing a literature review by theme, sector, or development of ideas. Guidelines are given for citing sources in text and creating a reference list using various source types like books, articles, websites. The document emphasizes the importance of a critical approach to interpreting and synthesizing published work.
This document provides guidelines for a term paper, including important dates, facts, design specifications, and tips. Students must submit their term paper application by November 15th, which requires their supervisor and program head's signatures. The final paper is due April 24th and must be uploaded online. Papers will be evaluated using a review form and checked for plagiarism. The paper should be 1.5 author sheets (30 pages) following a specific format. The introduction should provide context and goals, while the body will cover theory, research, analysis, results, and conclusion. Strict citation guidelines must be followed to avoid plagiarism.
The document provides guidance on conducting an effective literature review. It defines a literature review as a written overview of major writings on a selected topic, including scholarly articles, books, reports, and websites. The purpose is to understand what others have researched on the topic, identify inconsistencies and gaps, and justify further research. The literature review should include an objective, topic overview, categorization of sources, discussion of source similarities and differences, and identify relationships between works. Sources should be evaluated based on author expertise, evidence supporting arguments, consideration of opposing viewpoints, and contribution to understanding the topic.
The document discusses the key components and structure of a research report, including the title page, acknowledgements, summary, table of contents, introduction, literature review, methodology, analysis, conclusion, and references. It provides details on each section and explains the purpose and contents. Standard referencing systems are also outlined for citing sources in the text and bibliography.
This document provides guidance for sociology students conducting research. It discusses identifying relevant empirical articles for a thesis topic from academic journals. The document outlines key terms to search for articles, such as searching for phrases using quotation marks. It also discusses disciplines other than sociology that may be relevant. The document provides tips for properly formatting citations in APA or SON of Citation Machine style and common citation errors to avoid. It informs students how to obtain full texts of articles through the university library.
This document discusses referencing styles and provides guidance on citing sources. It defines referencing and citing, and distinguishes between references and bibliographies. Reasons for referencing include acknowledging others' work, allowing readers to find sources, avoiding plagiarism, and adding credibility. The document reviews several referencing styles including APA, Chicago, and MLA styles. It provides examples of how to reference different source types such as books, journal articles, and websites. Referencing tools that can help manage citations are also introduced.
A research paper summarizes existing knowledge on a topic by analyzing and organizing information from multiple sources. The research process involves selecting a topic, conducting preliminary research, taking notes, outlining findings, writing drafts, and providing citations and a bibliography. Key parts of a research paper include an introduction with a thesis statement, body paragraphs analyzing subtopics, and a conclusion. Sources can include encyclopedias, books, interviews, websites and more.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key terminology related to journals. It defines what a journal is, discusses different types of journals including academic, trade, current affairs, popular and newspapers. It also explains concepts like volume and issue, types of publications, ISSN, editorial boards, frequency of publication, peer review, double blind review, abstracts, title pages, indexed and impact factor of journals, review articles, open access journals, and copyright.
The document discusses different types of literature used in systematics and ecology, including primary sources like experimental data and journal articles, secondary sources like reviews and meta-analyses that interpret primary sources, and tertiary sources like encyclopedias and textbooks that compile and distill primary and secondary sources. It also discusses grey literature produced by organizations. The document outlines tools for synthesizing information like narrative reviews, vote counting, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, and discusses best practices for conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses, such as choosing search terms and refining searches.
Technical writing, an introduction to academic writingColleen Farrelly
Will likely be turning this into a YouTube talk at some point, but gives resources, breakdowns of parts of a scientific paper, and tips to avoid plagiarism.
This document provides guidelines for creating annotated bibliographies in APA style. An annotated bibliography consists of a citation in APA style format followed by a brief summary and evaluation of the source called an annotation. The annotation should summarize the main ideas of the source and include the writer's own statement evaluating the quality and relevance to their research topic. A sample annotated bibliography is provided with three annotations demonstrating the proper format.
The document discusses writing styles across different academic disciplines, including the humanities, social sciences, and sciences. In the humanities, writing employs longer paragraphs and sentences, imagery, metaphors, and active voice. Evidence is textual and based on close readings. In the social sciences, quantitative and qualitative methods are used, aiming for objectivity. Writing focuses on facts, data, and conforming to IMRAD structure. In the sciences, precise language is used with an emphasis on clarity and conciseness in describing methods, results, and references according to CSE style.
The document provides an overview of the APA style format for research papers. It discusses the key sections including the title page, abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, and references. Each section is described in detail outlining the formatting and content requirements. Examples are provided for how to structure tables, write in-text citations, and reference list entries according to APA style guidelines. The document serves as a guide for writing research papers in APA format.
The document discusses various citation databases and metrics for evaluating publications and journals. It describes Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar as the major citation databases. It provides details on the coverage, citation data included, and analytical tools available for each database. The document also explains journal citation reports, which allow comparison of journals using citation data. Key metrics for journals are defined, including impact factor, eigenfactor, and article influence score. Quartile comparisons that enable evaluation of journal rankings are also outlined.
This document provides guidance on finding citation information using Web of Science. It describes how to use Web of Science to find out how many times an article has been cited to gauge its impact, discover related articles, access citation reports for a subject, and conduct a cited reference search. It explains how to view citation counts, citing articles, journal impact, create citation reports, analyze search results, and search by cited references. The document includes screenshots to demonstrate these functions within the Web of Science interface.
This document provides guidance on conducting sociological research, including identifying key terms and variables related to the research topic, considering other relevant disciplines, finding empirical articles to connect concepts, addressing common citation errors, and obtaining full texts when needed. Guidelines are offered for searching databases, properly formatting citations, and requesting articles through interlibrary loan.
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND CITATIONS IN MICROSOFT WORDnikhil nagar
The document discusses bibliographies and citation styles. It explains that a bibliography lists all sources used in a research paper and helps researchers keep track of consulted sources. Different citation styles like APA, MLA, and Chicago dictate how to format in-text citations and reference lists. The document provides examples of in-text citations and reference list entries in APA, MLA and Chicago styles, and explains how to insert citations and create bibliographies using Microsoft Word.
The document provides guidance for writing a research paper, including the different types (issues-based and literary analysis), the research and writing process, requirements, and examples. It outlines selecting a topic, conducting research from various sources, creating an outline and thesis, drafting and revising the paper, and properly citing sources and avoiding plagiarism. Students are expected to incorporate quotes, paraphrases, and citations from at least 3-5 sources in a 3-5 page paper following MLA format.
Scholarly journals and popular magazines differ in their purpose, style, and content. Scholarly journals contain original research that has undergone peer review, with authors citing sources and including in-depth qualitative or quantitative analysis. They are written by experts in a field for other scholars. Popular magazines aim to inform and entertain the general public with shorter, less in-depth articles by staff writers or freelancers. They include advertisements and do not normally cite external sources. While magazines provide background on current topics, scholarly journals are used to support academic research.
This document discusses different styles of referencing used in academic writing. It outlines six common styles - Harvard, APA, Vancouver, MLA, Chicago and Royal Society of Chemistry. Each style has different conventions for formatting in-text citations and reference lists, such as whether to include the author's initials, use of quotation marks and italics. The purpose of referencing is to give credit to other authors, prove research was conducted, and avoid plagiarism. The conclusion reiterates that authors should select a standard style to present references.
This document discusses different citation styles including Harvard, Irish Historical Journal, and APA style. It lists these three citation styles and notes that more styles will be added in the future.
The document discusses various citation styles used in academic research. It provides guidelines for 9 different styles: AMA, APA, Chicago (author-date and humanities), Harvard, MLA, Vancouver/ICMJE, and numeric and author-date styles. For each style, it outlines how to format author names, titles, dates, and the reference list. It also provides instructions on inserting citations in Microsoft Word and creating a reference list.
This document provides information about managing references using EndNote software. It covers topics such as citations, bibliographies, footnotes and reference styles. It also discusses how EndNote can help manage literature searches and references. Functions of EndNote like importing references, generating bibliographies and citing sources within documents are explained. Common citation styles and alternatives to EndNote are also summarized.
The document compares the APA and Chicago citation styles. It notes that APA style is used for subjects related to the social sciences, while Chicago style can be used for any subject matter. It outlines the key differences between the styles, including how author names and publication years are presented in in-text citations, whether footnotes are allowed, how the reference list is formatted, and what citation tools support each style. The document provides examples of in-text citations and reference list entries in both APA and Chicago format.
This document describes different forms and styles of essay writing including descriptive, narrative, exemplification, compare and contrast, cause and effect, classification and division, definition, dialectic, history/thesis, and other logical structures. Each form has distinguishing features and techniques for organization, purpose, audience consideration, and arrangement of content. Key elements like sensory details, plot, examples, points of comparison, causal chains, and categorization are used across the different styles.
The document provides information about referencing and citation styles. It discusses what referencing is, the difference between a reference list and bibliography, examples of in-text citations, criteria for choosing sources to reference, examples of plagiarism, and descriptions of the IEEE, Harvard, and Vancouver citation styles including how to format in-text citations and bibliographic references.
References-Importance and writing StyleVarun Girme
This document provides information about referencing and writing styles. It discusses the importance of referencing, abbreviations and terms used, and different referencing systems like Harvard, Vancouver, APA, and Chicago styles. Specific details are given about the Harvard style, including how to cite sources in-text, format quotations, use page numbers, and structure the reference list. Examples are also provided for referencing various sources like books, journal articles, and electronic materials.
The document provides instructions for a lesson on argumentative writing. It defines argumentative writing and outlines the key elements to focus on, including the structure of an essay with an introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. It also describes the scoring rubric used to evaluate argumentative essays, which assigns scores of NS, 1, 2, 3, or 4 based on how clearly the topic is established, how well the response is organized, the quality of support and elaboration, vocabulary usage, and sentence fluency.
Writing bibliography in different styles new copyArun Madanan
This document provides examples of how to write bibliographies in APA, Vancouver, and Campbell styles. It lists the components and formatting for citing different types of sources like books, book chapters, journal articles, newspaper articles, websites, and more in each style. Key differences between the styles are provided, such as whether or not to italicize titles and the order and punctuation of elements.
This document discusses how to write a bibliography, including the purposes and common styles. It focuses on the MLA style, describing how to do in-text citations and format the Works Cited list at the end. For in-text citations in MLA, a signal phrase may name the author and parenthetical citation will include the page number. The Works Cited list gives full publication details for all cited sources, arranged alphabetically by author in a specific format for books, articles, and websites.
A bibliography is a list of all sources used in a paper. It is important to include a bibliography to avoid plagiarism by acknowledging where information came from. A bibliography should include books, articles, websites, interviews, and other materials used for research. It does not include common knowledge. Students should keep track of source details like author, title, publisher, and date as they conduct research. Online resources like Purdue OWL and Citation Machine can help students properly format their bibliography in styles like MLA or APA.
The document provides instructions on how to write bibliographies in 3 parts. It discusses the formatting of bibliographies, including underlining titles and indenting subsequent lines. Specific examples are given for citing books, magazines, newspapers, and websites. Tips are provided such as listing authors alphabetically and including publication cities and dates. A glossary defines relevant bibliography terms.
A bibliography is a list of all sources used in an assignment, organized alphabetically by author's last name. If no author is listed, sources are organized alphabetically by title. The bibliography includes full details of books, book chapters, journal articles, newspaper articles, encyclopedia articles, audiovisual materials, webpages, and personal communications. Personal communications are not included in the bibliography but referenced in-text. The document provides examples of how to format different source types in a bibliography using APA referencing style.
This document provides instructions on how to write references in the Harvard and Vancouver styles. It explains that references are important to avoid plagiarism, show the breadth of research, acknowledge direct quotes, and provide evidence to support arguments. It then outlines the key elements to include for different types of references such as books, e-books, journal articles, and works with no author. Finally, it describes how to format in-text citations and structure a reference list in the Vancouver style.
A bibliography is an orderly list of sources used in a project. It provides full reference information for all sources consulted, allowing readers to trace the sources. There are various bibliography styles like APA, MLA, and CBE used in different academic fields. These styles provide guidelines for formatting bibliographic references for various sources like books, articles, websites, and more.
The document provides an overview of the APA Style Manual. It discusses how APA style was developed in 1929 to standardize scientific writing. APA style consists of rules for formatting written work, including selecting headings, punctuation, citations, and more. The document outlines the typical sections of a manuscript written in APA style, including the title page, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and references. It provides examples of how to format and structure these sections, as well as how to properly cite different sources within the text and reference list.
This document provides guidelines for citing sources in academic work, including:
- Citing authors in text by inserting their name and date in brackets
- Including authors' names naturally in the text and adding the date in brackets
- Citing organizations as if they were a person
- Using titles instead of author names for anonymous sources
- Using 'n.d.' to indicate no publication date
- Listing multiple authors and using 'et al.' for four or more authors
- Enclosing direct quotes in quotation marks and citing page numbers
- Organizing references alphabetically by author in a bibliography section
This document provides guidance on referencing and bibliographies. It explains that referencing acknowledges the ideas and work of other authors and is necessary to avoid plagiarism. It describes citing references in the body of the text using the Harvard style and providing full references in a bibliography. Examples are given for different source types including books, journal articles, websites and more.
What is an Exploratory PaperExploratory Argument In explorat.docxalanfhall8953
What is an Exploratory Paper?
Exploratory Argument:
In exploratory essays, the writer (you) explores three sources that take a position on a controversial issue. All three sources can take the same side of the issue or two can take the same side and one can be on the other side of the issue. For example, take this issue: “Should there be stricter copyright penalties on the Internet? For instance, all three sources explored may argue that once a person uploads a photograph on, for example, flickr.com, it becomes public domain and no copyright laws should apply. The sources explored will argue on the same side of the issue, they all answer the issue question: yes. Yet, they will present evidence that will align with their different perspectives. For example, one source may take a legal perspective and the evidence will come from legal sources; another source may take a psychological perspective and their evidence to support their position will come from psychological studies, etc. In addition, the sources must come from a variety of secondary sources: scholarly journals, magazines, and/or newspapers, and the sources cannot be all Websites.
The Purpose
In the exploratory paper, the writer identifies three sources that take the same side of the issue; this means, for each source, their thesis statements/claims are the same. In order to help the reader (students, instructor) understand each source’s argument, the writer, (you) will include a brief 2-3 sentence summary for each source that includes the writer’s thesis/claim and the reasons provided to support his or her perspective. Also, this will include an analysis of how well the reasons and evidence support their position and their perspective. This requires specific references from the work in the form of direct quotations. This last part is important. Your own opinions are not expressed at all. This is not an argument paper.
Advantages to Writing an Exploratory Paper
Exploratory papers have a number of advantages. When you view an issue from many perspectives, you gain a greater depth of understanding of it and the various views taken. Also, exploratory papers provide mutual understanding and common ground for you next stage in argument: writing your own argument paper. These sources can be used to support your side to an issue or they may be used as an opposing view to your own position. After exploring sources on an issue, you learn about the other positions on this controversial issue.
How to Write the Exploratory Paper
The exploratory framework appears on eCompanion in the folder marked: “Exploratory Paper Assignment.” This handout basically lays out the format for each body paragraph. Also, there is a student sample essay that explores the issue: Should biotechnology be banned in U.S. sports? All three sources in this paper take the same side of this issue and argue that biotechnology basically destroys honest competition, but they approach and support thei.
Library as publisher handout 3-journal proposal-formNASIG
Handout to accompany presentation "Library as Publisher"
Lauren Collister
Electronic Publications Associate, University of Pittsburgh
Timothy S. Deliyannides
Director of the Office of Scholarly Communication and Publishing and Head of Information Technology, University of Pittsburgh
Writing an OutlineOutlines can help you organize your thoughts a.docxambersalomon88660
Writing an Outline
Outlines can help you organize your thoughts and can make the drafting process easier. Outlines can but do not have to be written in complete sentences. Use the template below to create an outline for your essays.
Title
I. Introduction
a. Thesis statement:
II. Body paragraph 1
a. Topic sentence:
b. Example/supporting evidence:
c. Commentary/explanation:
III. Body paragraph 2
a. Topic sentence:
b. Example/supporting evidence:
c. Commentary/explanation:
IV. Body paragraph 3
a. Topic sentence:
b. Example/supporting evidence:
c. Commentary/explanation:
V. ….Continue for all body paragraphs
VI. Conclusion
Scholarly, Peer Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources
Source type
What is it?
Examples
Best used for
Scholarly
A source written by scholars or academics in a field. The purpose of many scholarly sources is to report on original research or experimentation in order to make such information available to the rest of the scholarly community. The audience for scholarly sources is other scholars or experts in a field. Scholarly sources include references and usually use language that is technical or at a high reading level.
*Note: Different databases may define “scholarly” in slightly different ways, and thus a source that is considered “scholarly” in one database may not be considered “scholarly” in another database. The final decision about the appropriateness of a given source for a particular assignment is left to the instructor.
Scholarly Journals
· Journal of Management Information Systems
· American Journal of Public Health
· Early Childhood Research Quarterly
Scholarly Books (published by a university press or other high-quality publisher)
· Shari’a Politics: Islamic Law and Society in the Modern World
· The Grand Design: Strategy and the U.S. Civil War
· The Hidden Mechanics of Exercise: Molecules That Move Us
Journal articles:
· Recent research on a topic
· Very specific topics or narrow fields of research
· NOT good for an introduction to or broad overview of a topic
Books:
· In-depth information and research on a topic
· Putting a topic into context
· Historical information on a topic
Peer Reviewed
A publication that has gone through an official editorial process that involves review and approval by the author’s peers (experts in the same subject area). Many (but not all) scholarly publications are peer reviewed.
*Note: even though a journal is peer reviewed, some types of articles within that journal may not be peer reviewed. These might include editorials or book reviews.
**Note: some publications (such as some trade journals) can be peer reviewed but not scholarly. This is not common.
See “Scholarly Journals” above
Books go through a different editorial process and are not usually considered to be “peer reviewed”. However, they can still be excellent scholarly sources.
See above
Credible
A source that can be trusted to contain accurate information that is backed up by evidence or can b.
This week’s written assignment is important preparation for the Fina.docxamit657720
This week’s written assignment is important preparation for the Final Paper. You will construct an outline of your Final Paper that will ensure you have all of the required elements.
You are expected to write an outline, not a draft of your final paper. Drafts of your paper will NOT meet the requirements of this assignment
.
Prepare
: Please review the necessary course text chapters, articles, and multimedia. Conduct additional research necessary to complete the assignment.
Reflect
: The end of the course is rapidly approaching, and now is a great time to begin working on your Final Research Paper. This assignment will give you an opportunity to create a detailed outline of your paper, which will help you to establish a structure for your final paper. Your outline will be reviewed by your instructor and the feedback provided will certainly help you create a better final product.
Remember, the main point of your outline is to help you organize your thoughts and research. The outline should serve as the backbone of your paper and should provide the building blocks for your Final Research Paper.
Write
: Make sure to read over the instructions for the Final Research Paper, which are located in Week Five of your online course or in the Course Components section of this course guide. As explained in those instructions, your paper should have seven major sections. For this assignment, you will need to create an outline in a Word document. Review the
Sample Outline
(Links to an external site.)
Links to an external site.
from the
Ashford Writing Center
(Links to an external site.)
Links to an external site.
.
Your outline must include the following:
Title page
(Links to an external site.)
Links to an external site.
in APA format
Introduction and Thesis
Introduce
(Links to an external site.)
Links to an external site.
the main topic and provide a brief preview of main points.
Include a
thesis statement
(Links to an external site.)
Links to an external site.
that identifies how the concepts of federalism, civil liberties, and civil rights are implicated and affected by your selected topic.
Main Point 1: Identify implications for federalism related to the topic.
Provide a topic sentence that describes one positive impact of federalism on the selected topic.
Provide a topic sentence that describes one negative impact of federalism on the selected topic.
Provide at least one piece of supporting evidence (a quote or paraphrase) that supports all of your claims concerning the impacts of federalism on the selected topic. Be sure to provide an
in-text citation.
(Links to an external site.)
Links to an external site.
In a single sentence, explain the meaning of the evidence you added above.
So what? Add a sentence that tells your reader how this evidence supports your topic sentence. Why is this evidence important to share?
Main Point 2: Identify implications for civil rights related to the topic.
Provide a topic sentence that describes one ...
The document provides guidance on conducting an effective literature review. It discusses that the purpose of a literature review is to establish the context and terms, survey previous work on the topic, explore how others have addressed similar questions, and identify gaps. The document emphasizes critical analysis of existing research to understand strengths and weaknesses. It provides tips for planning, reading, analyzing, drafting and revising a literature review. It also covers proper citation formats and avoiding plagiarism when incorporating outside information.
This document provides guidance on targeting core journals for publication, retaining copyright as an author, and making an impact. It defines what makes a journal core based on acceptance by scholars, impact factor, visibility and acceptance rates. It also discusses determining a journal's quality, retaining full or partial copyright, and alternatives to impact factor for evaluating journals, including Eigenfactor and SCImago. The goal is to help authors select the best journals for their work and understand copyright issues to maximize the impact of their research.
Writing Assignment: Annotated Bibliography (AB)
Due Dates (by 11:59PM):
Rubin AB entry:
1/30
AB Draft
(3 entries):
2/25
OPTIONAL:
AB Final Draft
(5 entries): 3/ 10
AB Revised Draft:
3/17
Mechanics: 6 page minimum (including 5 AB entries and a Literature Review with CRQ), double-spaced, 12 point, 1” margins, MLA (or other) format
Explanation
Annotated Bibliography is a genre of writing in academia that works to show your awareness of what others have written about a topic. The work done in an AB, including introducing the authors with brief intellectual biographies; explicating the main claims and concepts; tracing the argument and its evidence; evaluating the source; and discussing its stakes and implications gives some context to the course reading you choose to research and situates the course reading into a research topic by indicating the intellectual conversations you are entering. The point of this assignment is to practice research skills but also to dig a little deeper into 4 of our readings using research. For this assignment:Writing Task
1. Compile an Annotated Bibliographyof five scholarly sources, including one entry for Gayle Rubin’s “Thinking Sex” and 4 more scholarly sources based on researching sources that are connected to one (the deep dive) or more of our course readings. See the next page for the specific AB entry format.
· Sources
· “Scholarly” means peer-reviewed articles from academic journals or chapters in books written by experts in a field and not wikis, encyclopedias, newspapers, popular magazines/media, blogs, websites, etc. (see the Library Guide on what constitutes a scholarly source).
· “Connected” means that each of your researched, scholarly sources must be connection to a course reading in some way. You can either find a source that engages or discusses the particular critical essay or cultural text from the course calendar or you can do research on a topic or theme that is brought up in or similar to the course reading. Whatever you decide, you’ll explain the connection in your quote analysis.
· “Deep Dive” means you may also include more than one researched source per course text. You can, for instance, research two sources on a critical essay and two on a cultural text or even include 4 sources that are all about one essay or text to give some in-depth engagement with one course reading. Alternatively, you may also include 4 sources on 4 different course texts.
· Focus
· If you’d like, you canfocus your research within a broad topic, on a field of knowledge, or on a really specific object of analysis within that topic. For example, you can produce an AB based on a specific topic (like racialized hypersexuality, the sex/gender/desire matrix, or a particular sexual stereotype) or a specific discipline (for instance, focus on the sociology of sex) or an interdisciplinary one that pursues a critical research question through multiple fields of knowledge (for instance, focused on how sociology, cult.
This document provides information about citation styles and APA formatting for hospitality and culinary arts students. It outlines the typical sections of an APA paper including the title page, abstract, literature review, in-text citations, and reference list. It also discusses formatting for long quotes, electronic sources, and sample reference list entries. Experimental report sections are defined, including the title page, abstract, introduction, method, results, and discussion sections. Academic dishonesty policies are also briefly outlined.
Online Library Training Module 1 Library Service.docxhopeaustin33688
Online Library Training Module
1
Library Services for Online Students
http://www.liv.ac.uk/library/ohecampus
Guide to Referencing and developing a Bibliography
Important Note for Law Students: Whilst these referencing pages will be useful for most
students, Law students should note they are specifically required to use the OSCOLA
referencing guidelines (Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities), please see our
OSCOLA guide for detailed guidelines and examples
http://welcome.ohecampus.com/laureate/upload/LawSchoolCitationGuide2009.pdf
Also see these online guides to the OSCOLA referencing format
https://ilrb.cf.ac.uk/citingreferences/index.html#oscola
Also see our pages on Refworks and other citation software for managing your references
and developing your Bibliography.
What is referencing?
It is very important that whenever you find a reference you immediately make a note of all
the relevant bibliographical (author, title etc) details. It can be very difficult to retrace the
details later and you will need the information to cite the references at the end of your
assignment or dissertation.
When you write your assignment or dissertation you are required to refer to the work of other
authors. Each time you do so, it is necessary to identify their work by making reference to it -
both in the text of your assignment (called 'in-text' referencing) and in a list at the end of your
assignment (called a 'Reference List'). This practice of acknowledging authors is known as
'referencing'.
References must be provided whenever you use someone else's opinions, theories, data or
organisation of material. You need to reference information from books, articles, videos, web
sites, images, computers and any other print or electronic sources. A reference is required if
you:
• paraphrase (use someone else's ideas in your own words)
• summarise (use a brief account of someone else's ideas)
• quote (use someone else's exact words)
• copy (use someone else's figures, tables or structure)
http://www.liv.ac.uk/library/ohecampus�
http://welcome.ohecampus.com/laureate/upload/LawSchoolCitationGuide2009.pdf�
http://welcome.ohecampus.com/laureate/upload/LawSchoolCitationGuide2009.pdf�
https://ilrb.cf.ac.uk/citingreferences/index.html#oscola�
Online Library Training Module
2
References enhance your writing and assist your reader by:
• showing the breadth of your research
• strengthening your academic argument
• showing the reader the source of your information
• allowing the reader to consult your sources independently
• allowing the reader to verify your data
Always remember to use referencing because if you use someone else's work and don't
reference it correctly, it is plagiarism, which is a serious offence of academic misconduct.
Please also see our Web pages on Plagiarism and how to avoid it.
Note on use of encyclopedias (Wikipedia etc.)
The Board of Stud.
Legal research methodology_for_ilb@es_2012Gabriel Daia
The document provides an overview of legal research methodology. It discusses 1) what legal research entails and why methodology is important, 2) different types of methodologies, 3) developing a research strategy, 4) sources and how to evaluate them, 5) electronic sources, and 6) referencing and citation. The document emphasizes that legal research must be structured, thorough, and fully referenced in order to support arguments and allow others to evaluate the analysis.
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review for research. It discusses that a literature review involves synthesizing relevant published works on the research topic. The purposes of a literature review are to improve knowledge on the topic, determine how sources contribute to the topic, integrate and summarize existing knowledge, and identify gaps. When evaluating literature, the title, abstract, and conclusions should be examined. Literature must be cited properly using styles like APA, MLA, or Chicago to give credit and establish credibility. A successful literature review requires selecting the most pertinent sources and comprehensively including important studies.
The document provides guidance on using the Harvard referencing system. It explains that the Harvard system has two main components: 1) in-text citations that provide the author's last name and year of publication, and 2) a reference list that includes full bibliographic details of all cited sources in alphabetical order. Examples are given for how to reference a variety of sources like books, journal articles, websites, and more in both the in-text citations and reference list using the Harvard style.
This document provides an introduction to the APA referencing style, including:
1. An overview of what referencing is and why it is important for avoiding plagiarism.
2. The basic steps involved in referencing sources, including taking notes on bibliographic details and inserting citations in text and a reference list.
3. Examples of how to format in-text citations and reference list entries for different source types like books, journal articles, and websites.
This document provides guidance for writing a research essay, including learning objectives, outcomes, and requirements. It outlines the key elements the exam board wants to see, such as a clearly defined focus, demonstration of research skills, and evaluation of sources. It then gives instructions for developing a draft, including length, title requirements, depth, use of primary and secondary sources, and inclusion of media terminology. Finally, it discusses referencing styles for different source types like books, articles, films, and websites to avoid plagiarism and give proper credit.
This document provides guidance for writing a research essay, including learning objectives, outcomes, and requirements. It outlines the key elements the exam board wants to see, such as a clearly defined focus, demonstration of research skills, and evaluation of sources. It then gives instructions for developing the second draft, including word count, title requirements, depth of analysis, inclusion of primary and secondary sources with proper referencing, and a checklist. The remainder of the document provides examples and guidance on different referencing styles for various source types like books, films, TV, magazines, websites, and newspapers.
Give credit Allow reader to find original material Many (slightly) different styles Editors know where you are already submitted Vancouver Style, late 1970s
Use complete citation when reading, preparing biblio Science omits article titles, but you may not get accepted by Science
Unpublished data, letters, phone calls are inappropriate Remember purposes: reader has no access to this information If necessary, cite in text (e.g., personal communication) Journal editor may delete, may require permission from person Author-year: use for early drafts easy to add/delete refs long text interruptions, especially in Intro increased production cost Number from alpha list: decreased production cost easy to find who is working in field ref info not available in text if important, cite author/date in sentence “ Streptomycin was first used to treat tuberculosis in 1945 (13).” Number in order of citation: decreased production cost difficult to add/delete works by same author separated in list
Chest, October 1998
Chest, October 1998
Check instructions to authors Ask if you don’t find information about abstracts Transplant team: publish in surgery and nursing journals Reporting same subjects/results: misrepresents the evidence