This document provides an overview of research writing skills training. It discusses the objectives of the training which are to teach students international standards of report writing, APA style guidelines, research ethics, and how to write qualitative and quantitative theses. The training covers topics such as academic writing, research designs, publishing standards, and plagiarism. It emphasizes that writing should be clear, precise, and follow logical structure. Critical thinking and developing a questioning attitude are important skills covered.
This slideshow explains the complete process of writing research proposal for funding agencies. It is useful for the PhD students, researchers, R& D department of company personnel.
This slideshow explains the complete process of writing research proposal for funding agencies. It is useful for the PhD students, researchers, R& D department of company personnel.
Develop three research questions on a topic for which you are suzannewarch
Develop three research questions on a topic for which you are most interest.
Access the "Types of Research Design" site.
Select the appropriate research design for your research questions.
In your own words, explain the purpose of the design, what these type of studies
tell you
and what they
don't tell you
and.
Finally, explain why this design is appropriate for the respective research questions.
A research question is a...
clear
focused
concise
complex
arguable
Instructions for all Forums:
Each week, learners will post one initial post per week. This post must demonstrate comprehension of the course materials, the ability to apply that knowledge in the real world. Learners will engage with the instructor and peers throughout the learning week. To motivate engaged discussion, posts are expected to be on time with regular interaction throughout the week. All posts should demonstrate college level writing skills. To promote vibrant discussion as we would in a face to face classroom, formatted citations and references are not required. Quotes should not be used at all, or used sparingly. If you quote a source quotation marks should be used and an APA formatted citation and reference provided.
Before beginning your paper, you need to decide how you plan to design the study
.
The research design refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring you will effectively address the research problem; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data. Note that your research problem determines the type of design you should use, not the other way around!
De Vaus, D. A.
Research Design in Social Research
. London: SAGE, 2001; Trochim, William M.K.
Research Methods Knowledge Base
. 2006.
General Structure and Writing Style
The function of a research design is to ensure that the evidence obtained enables you to effectively address the research problem logically and as unambiguously as possible
. In social sciences research, obtaining information relevant to the research problem generally entails specifying the type of evidence needed to test a theory, to evaluate a program, or to accurately describe and assess meaning related to an observable phenomenon.
With this in mind, a common mistake made by researchers is that they begin their investigations far too early, before they have thought critically about what information is required to address the research problem. Without attending to these design issues beforehand, the overall research problem will not be adequately addressed and any conclusions drawn will run the risk of being weak and unconvincing. As a consequence, the overall validity of the study will be undermined.
The length and complexity of describing research designs in your paper can vary considerably, but any well-developed design will achieve the following
:
Identify the res ...
Quantitative Methods of Research-Intro to research
Once a researcher has written the research question, the next step is to determine the appropriate research methodology necessary to study the question. The three main types of research design methods are qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods.
Quantitative research involves the systematic collection and analysis of data.
UNIT – I: INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS RESEARCH: Meaning, Scope and Significance,
Characteristics of Good Research, Types of Research, Research Process, Scientific method-
Blocks, Identifying Research Problem, Concepts, Constructs, Variables, Proposition, and
Theoretical framework.
UNIT – II: RESEARCH FORMULATION AND DESIGNING: Defining and formulating the
research problem-Selecting the problem, Literature review-Importance of literature review
in defining a problem-Sources of collecting reviews, Development of working hypothesis.
Ethical issues in formulation of business research. Research design-Basic Principles, Need of
research design - Features of good design, Types of research design-Descriptive,
Exploratory, Experimental.
UNIT – III: DATA COLLECTION:Sources-Primary data merits and demerits -Sources of
primary data, Secondary data, Merits and demerits and its sources, Observation method
and merits and demerits, Tools for Data Collection, Constructing Questionnaire, Reliability
and Validity, Pilot Study, Scaling techniques-Rating and Ranking methods.
UNIT – IV: DATA ANALYSIS(CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK):Parametric Test - t test, F
test and Z test - Non Parametric Test – How to select a test – Chi2 test, U Test, Kruskal
Wallis, Sign test- Correlation and Regression analyses. Multivariate Analysis – Factor
analysis, Cluster analysis, MDS, Discriminate Analysis.
UNIT – V: REPORTING AND THESIS WRITING: Structure and components of research
report, Types of report, Different steps in the preparation, Language of typical reports Illustrations and tables - Bibliography, referencing and footnotes - Oral presentation –
Planning – Preparation – Practice – Making presentation – Use of visual aids - Importance of
effective communication.
Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to understand and manage your own emotions, as well as recognize and influence the emotions of those around you. The term was first coined in 1990 by researchers John Mayer and Peter Salovey, but was later popularized by psychologist Daniel Goleman
Well-being has been defined as the combination of feeling good and functioning well; the experience of positive emotions such as happiness and contentment as well as the development of one's potential, having some control over one's life, having a sense of purpose, and experiencing positive relationships
Develop three research questions on a topic for which you are suzannewarch
Develop three research questions on a topic for which you are most interest.
Access the "Types of Research Design" site.
Select the appropriate research design for your research questions.
In your own words, explain the purpose of the design, what these type of studies
tell you
and what they
don't tell you
and.
Finally, explain why this design is appropriate for the respective research questions.
A research question is a...
clear
focused
concise
complex
arguable
Instructions for all Forums:
Each week, learners will post one initial post per week. This post must demonstrate comprehension of the course materials, the ability to apply that knowledge in the real world. Learners will engage with the instructor and peers throughout the learning week. To motivate engaged discussion, posts are expected to be on time with regular interaction throughout the week. All posts should demonstrate college level writing skills. To promote vibrant discussion as we would in a face to face classroom, formatted citations and references are not required. Quotes should not be used at all, or used sparingly. If you quote a source quotation marks should be used and an APA formatted citation and reference provided.
Before beginning your paper, you need to decide how you plan to design the study
.
The research design refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring you will effectively address the research problem; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data. Note that your research problem determines the type of design you should use, not the other way around!
De Vaus, D. A.
Research Design in Social Research
. London: SAGE, 2001; Trochim, William M.K.
Research Methods Knowledge Base
. 2006.
General Structure and Writing Style
The function of a research design is to ensure that the evidence obtained enables you to effectively address the research problem logically and as unambiguously as possible
. In social sciences research, obtaining information relevant to the research problem generally entails specifying the type of evidence needed to test a theory, to evaluate a program, or to accurately describe and assess meaning related to an observable phenomenon.
With this in mind, a common mistake made by researchers is that they begin their investigations far too early, before they have thought critically about what information is required to address the research problem. Without attending to these design issues beforehand, the overall research problem will not be adequately addressed and any conclusions drawn will run the risk of being weak and unconvincing. As a consequence, the overall validity of the study will be undermined.
The length and complexity of describing research designs in your paper can vary considerably, but any well-developed design will achieve the following
:
Identify the res ...
Quantitative Methods of Research-Intro to research
Once a researcher has written the research question, the next step is to determine the appropriate research methodology necessary to study the question. The three main types of research design methods are qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods.
Quantitative research involves the systematic collection and analysis of data.
UNIT – I: INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS RESEARCH: Meaning, Scope and Significance,
Characteristics of Good Research, Types of Research, Research Process, Scientific method-
Blocks, Identifying Research Problem, Concepts, Constructs, Variables, Proposition, and
Theoretical framework.
UNIT – II: RESEARCH FORMULATION AND DESIGNING: Defining and formulating the
research problem-Selecting the problem, Literature review-Importance of literature review
in defining a problem-Sources of collecting reviews, Development of working hypothesis.
Ethical issues in formulation of business research. Research design-Basic Principles, Need of
research design - Features of good design, Types of research design-Descriptive,
Exploratory, Experimental.
UNIT – III: DATA COLLECTION:Sources-Primary data merits and demerits -Sources of
primary data, Secondary data, Merits and demerits and its sources, Observation method
and merits and demerits, Tools for Data Collection, Constructing Questionnaire, Reliability
and Validity, Pilot Study, Scaling techniques-Rating and Ranking methods.
UNIT – IV: DATA ANALYSIS(CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK):Parametric Test - t test, F
test and Z test - Non Parametric Test – How to select a test – Chi2 test, U Test, Kruskal
Wallis, Sign test- Correlation and Regression analyses. Multivariate Analysis – Factor
analysis, Cluster analysis, MDS, Discriminate Analysis.
UNIT – V: REPORTING AND THESIS WRITING: Structure and components of research
report, Types of report, Different steps in the preparation, Language of typical reports Illustrations and tables - Bibliography, referencing and footnotes - Oral presentation –
Planning – Preparation – Practice – Making presentation – Use of visual aids - Importance of
effective communication.
Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to understand and manage your own emotions, as well as recognize and influence the emotions of those around you. The term was first coined in 1990 by researchers John Mayer and Peter Salovey, but was later popularized by psychologist Daniel Goleman
Well-being has been defined as the combination of feeling good and functioning well; the experience of positive emotions such as happiness and contentment as well as the development of one's potential, having some control over one's life, having a sense of purpose, and experiencing positive relationships
Marketing psychology is the practice of aligning your content, communication, and strategies with the many predictable, often subconscious, human behavioral patterns that have been identified through experimentation and research.
Media Management mixes Management techniques with the field of Communication, Marketing, Mass Media, and Public Relations. Product Development is also an important part of Media Managment, as future experts need to lern how to develop, promote and sell new media products.
What do you mean by consumer behavior? Consumer behavior is the study of how people are making purchase decisions to satisfy their needs, wants or desires, and how their emotional, mental, and behavioral responses influence the buying decision.
Huntington's disease is a condition that stops parts of the brain working properly over time. It's passed on (inherited) from a person's parents. It gets gradually worse over time and is usually fatal after a period of up to 20 years.
Group therapy involves one or more psychologists who lead a group of roughly five to 15 patients. Typically, groups meet for an hour or two each week. Some people attend individual therapy in addition to groups, while others participate in groups only.
Drug intervention
An intervention is a process whereby all the significant members of a person's family get together at the same time, in the same place, to present specific behavior in a loving acceptable way. The experience for everyone involved in an intervention can be a very powerful, life-changing and dramatic event.
Art and Psychological Well-Being: Linking the Brain to the Aesthetic Emotion. Empirical studies suggest that art improves health and well-being among individuals. However, how aesthetic appreciation affects our cognitive and emotional states to promote physical and psychological well-being is still unclear.
Art and Psychological Well-Being: Linking the Brain to the Aesthetic Emotion. Empirical studies suggest that art improves health and well-being among individuals. However, how aesthetic appreciation affects our cognitive and emotional states to promote physical and psychological well-being is still unclear.
perceptual meaning of art in Psychology Sidra Akhtar
Art and Psychological Well-Being: Linking the Brain to the Aesthetic Emotion. Empirical studies suggest that art improves health and well-being among individuals. However, how aesthetic appreciation affects our cognitive and emotional states to promote physical and psychological well-being is still unclear.
Art and Psychological Well-Being: Linking the Brain to the Aesthetic Emotion. Empirical studies suggest that art improves health and well-being among individuals. However, how aesthetic appreciation affects our cognitive and emotional states to promote physical and psychological well-being is still unclear.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. To train students in writing reports according
to international standards.
To expose students to American
Psychological Association (APA), 6th Edition
and its’ guidelines for report writing.
To educate students in ethical issues in
conducting and publishing research.
To prepare students in synopsis writing.
To provide training in communication skills.
To prepare students in writing qualitative and
quantitative research thesis.
2
3. Module1: Writing for the Behavioral and Social
Sciences
Academic Writing
Critical Thinking
Research
Overview of Writing a Research Proposal
Research Designs
Structure of Scientific Research Article
Types of Articles
Ethical and Legal Standards in Publishing
Ensuring the Accuracy of Scientific Knowledge
Protecting the Rights and Welfare of Research
Participants
Plagiarism
3
4. “Anyone who wishes to become a good writer
should endeavour, before he allows himself
to be tempted by the more showy qualities,
to be direct, simple, brief, vigorous, and
lucid”.
(Fowler & Fowler, 1906, p. 11)
4
5. Writing has four main recursive processes
such as planning, writing, editing and
reviewing.
Characteristics of scientific writing: Precise,
Impersonal, Objective and problem solving
Punctuation and grammar should be correct.
Soft and formal style (not the style used in
newspapers, novels, magazines, or everyday
conversations, etc)
Logical text and statement based on
reasoning
5
6. A critical thinker is one who is able to think
through things to come up with a thoughtful
evaluation of circumstances.
Eg: Why should I vote for Party A rather than
Part B?
Why is cloning bad? Why should I believe in
God?
Critical thinking helps in making justifications
for doing something or not doing something.
6
7. Benefits of Critical thinking
Reflect (become rational)
Exercise good rational judgment
Think through things for ourselves
Focus and learn to select important and
relevant matters; be reasonable and fair
Believe or do things on the basis of reason
rather than emotion or prejudices
Be open minded.
7
8. It can be developed by adopting certain
practices
To develop a questioning attitude
To examine a problem following is the
guidelines
S: state the problem
E: Elaborate it
E: Exemplify (give a good example)
I: Illustrate (give an illustration such as
metaphor, a simile, an analogy, a diagram, a
concept map, etc)
8
9. "Research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze
information to increase our understanding of a topic or
issue". It consists of three steps: Pose a question, collect data
to answer the question, and present an answer to the question
(Creswell, 2008).
9
10. It should be well-written
Organized, with a logical flow, and concise.
Highlight the background and the importance of your
research topic
The proposal must reflect your thinking and design of an
original research
It must be clearly highlight what do you want to achieve
and why it is important for you.
Be enthusiastic about your idea – if you don’t sound
interested, why should anyone else be ?
Follow the APA format
11. Introduction
Statement of the topic
Review of literature
Significance of the study
Statement of the hypothesis
Operational definition
Method
Participants
Instruments
Design
Procedure
Data Analysis
References
12. Topic must be of your interest or your area of
expertise.
Topic must be narrowed to a more specific,
researchable one.
Must have theoretical and practical
significance.
Must be ethical.
Topic must be manageable. It fits your level
of skill, available resources and time
restrictions.
12
13. Statement of the problem
Answer the question: “What is the gap that needs to be filled?”
and/or “What is the problem that needs to be solved?”
State the problem clearly early in a paragraph.
Review of Literature
Review of literature should lead logically to a testable
hypothesis
The review should conclude with a brief summary of the
literature and its implications.
13
14. Rationale
◦ Reasons or justification for conducting the study
Significance
◦ Addition in existing knowledge
◦ Implications for policy and practice
◦ Likely benefits for society at large
14
15. Specify the outcome of your study, the end
product
Keep your objectives SMART
◦ Specific: Indicate precisely what you intend to achieve
through your project
◦ Measurable: What you accept as proof of project success
◦ Attainable: Given the resources available
◦ Realistic: Given the local conditions
◦ Time bound: Can be achieved in the given time
15
16. Examples
◦ To find out methods used for water treatment
◦ To determine the feeding habits of the under fives
◦ To assess the perception of the community
regarding care and support for people living with
HIV/AIDS
16
17. A hypothesis is a researcher’s prediction of
the research findings
Based on sound reasoning that is consistent
with theory or previous research.
Provides a reasonable explanation for the
predicted outcome
Clearly states the expected relation or
difference between defined variables.
Testable within a reasonable time frame
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
An operational definition describes exactly
what the variables are and how they are
measured within the context of your study
17
Statement of the Hypothesis
18. Includes a description of the research participants.
Indicate how the approach fits the overall research
design.
Describe the specific methods of data collection.
Explain how you intend to analyze and interpret your
results (i.e. statistical analysis, theoretical framework).
References
Follow the APA format for references.
19. The research design refers to the overall
strategy that you choose to integrate the
different components of the study in a
coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring
you will effectively address the research
problem; it constitutes the blueprint for the
collection, measurement, and analysis of data
(DE Vaus, 2001).
19
20. Case Study Design
A case study is an in-depth study of a particular research
problem.
A researcher using a case study design can apply a variety
of methodologies and rely on a variety of sources to
investigate a research problem.
The design can provide detailed descriptions of specific
and rare cases.
Causal Design
Explain “If X, then Y.”
Used to measure what impact a specific change will have
on existing norms and assumptions.
seek causal explanations that reflect tests of hypotheses
It helps the researchers to understand why the world
works the way it does through the process of proving a
causal link between variables and eliminating other
possibilities.
Replication is possible
20
21. Cross-Sectional Design
The cross-sectional design can only measure
differences between or from among a variety
of people, subjects, or phenomena rather than
change.
Make causal inferences based on findings.
Groups are selected on the basis of
differences.
Descriptive Design
Descriptive research designs help provide
answers to the questions of who, what, when,
where, and how associated with a particular
research problem
Yield rich data that lead to important
recommendations in practice.
21
22. Experimental research allows the researcher to control the
situation.
To answer the question, “what causes something to occur?”
To identify cause and effect relationships between variables
and to distinguish placebo effects from treatment effects.
Experimental research designs support the ability to limit
alternative explanations and to infer direct causal
relationships in the study.
Exploratory Design
Design is a useful approach for gaining background
information on a particular topic.
Exploratory research is flexible and can address research
questions of all types (what, why, how).
Provides an opportunity to define new terms and clarify
existing concepts.
Exploratory research is often used to generate formal
hypotheses and develop more precise research problems.
Exploratory studies help establish research priorities
22
23. A standard structure to facilitate
communication is known as IMRAD
23
Introduction
Method
Results and
Discussion
24. Empirical Studies are the reports of original research.
Include secondary analyses by presenting novel analyses
of data not considered in previous reports. Following the
IMRAD.
Literature Reviews
Summarizes the findings of others studies or experiments;
attempts to identify trends or draw broader conclusions.
Define and clarify the problem
Identify relations, contradictions, gaps, and
inconsistencies in the literature and suggest the further
steps in solving problems
Meta-Analysis
A meta-analysis is a statistical synthesis of the results of
studies that addressed the same hypothesis in the same
way.
24
25. Theoretical Articles
Draw on existing research literature to advance theory.
Authors in theoretical articles summarize the development
of theory, refine the theoretical constructs, analyzing
existing theory, pointing out flaws and demonstrating the
advantage of one theory over another.
Examine theory’s internal consistency and external validity.
Case Study
Detailed account of clinically important cases of common
and rare conditions.
Methodological Articles
Present new methodological approaches, modifications of
existing methods or discussions of quantitative and data
analytic approaches to the community of researches.
Provide sufficient detail for researchers to assess the
applicability of the methodology to their research problem.
It also help in comparing the proposed methods with those
in current use and the implementation of these methods.
25
26. Following are the three basic ethical and legal
principles underlie all scholarly research and writing.
These principles are designed to achieve three goals.
Use to ensure the accuracy of scientific knowledge
To protect the rights and welfare of research
participants and
To protect intellectual property rights.
Ensuring the Accuracy of Scientific Knowledge
Essence of the scientific method involves
observations that can be repeated and verified by
others.
Psychologists must not Fabricate or Falsify the data
Not to omit the troublesome observations from
reports in order to support the hypothesis.
Must share the errors, if found the errors after
publication then first inform the editor and the
publisher so that a correction letter can be made.
26
27. Data Retention and Sharing
Researchers must make their data available to the
editor at any time during the review and
publication process
Must permit other qualified professional to
confirm the analyses and results
After the publication authors are expected to
retain raw data for minimum five years
APA encourages the open sharing of data among
qualified investigators on requests and written
agreement should be made.
Agreement make it clear that shared data may
only use for verification of already published
results for inclusion in meta-analytic studies or
secondary analysis.
27
28. Duplicate publication is the publication of the
same data or ideas in two separate sources
and piecemeal publication is the unnecessary
splitting of the findings from one research
effort into multiple articles.
Previously published data cannot be used for
further publication.
It’s the copyright violation
Similarly previously published manuscript
cannot be published as a whole or its
substantial part like if your article is read in a
conference and published in its proceeding
then it would not published in a journal.
28
29. Acknowledging and citing previous work
Authors can cite the substantial portion of their
previous work in their new article with accurate
citation.
Any republished tables and figures must be clearly
marked as reprinted or adapted with proper
citation.
Original research should be cited in references.
Authors are obligated to present work completely
within the space constraints o journal publication.
Piecemeal or fragmented publication of research
findings can be misleading.
To draw one article from the whole study for the
publication must be informed to the editor.
29
30. Data from the large scale, longitudinal or
multidisciplinary projects can be published
in multiple reports.
Again prior published work should be cited.
Altering the editor: if the publication of two
or more reports based on the same or
closely related research constitutes duplicate
publication is a matter of editorial judgment.
30
31. Authors are required to certify that they have
followed the APA Ethics Code as a precondition of
publishing their articles in APA journals.
This is mandatory for the authors to include such
certifications in the description of participants in the
text of manuscript, otherwise the manuscript will not
be accepted.
In the case studies, researchers have the obligation to
maintain the confidentiality of the participants.
Prohibited from disclosing the confidential,
personally identifiable information concerning their
patients, individual or organizational clients,
students, research participants, or other recipients of
their services.
31
32. Publication credit
Authorship is reserved for persons who make a substantial
contribution to and who accept responsibility for a published
work. May include formulating the hypothesis, structuring the
experimental design, organizing and conducting the statistical
analysis, interpreting the results, or writing a major portion of
the paper.
Determining authorship
In a research project, the collaborators should decide on which
tasks are necessary for the project’s completion, how the work
will be divided, which tasks or combination of tasks merits
authorship credit, and on what level credit should be given ( first
author, second author, etc).
Order of authorship
Generally the name of the principal contributor should appear first,
with subsequent names in order of decreasing contribution.
32
33. Reviewers
While editorial review of a manuscript which requires that the
editors and reviewers circulate and discuss the manuscript, it
should be confidential and privileged document.
It may not be misused.
If the reviewer wish to suggest any thing to the colleague about
some aspect of manuscript, then must take permission from the
editor.
Author’s Copyright on an Unpublished Manuscript
An unpublished work is copyrighted from the moment it is fixed in
solid form for example, typed on page.
The unpublished paper can distribute on internet or post it on
website with proper date and a statement that the paper has not
(yet) been published.
Planning for Ethical Compliance
This is mandatory for the authors to submit a ethical compliance
form while submitting a manuscript to the APA journal including
issues related to institutional approval, informed consent,
deception in research and participant protections.
33
34. The word plagiarize actually comes from the
Latin “plagi rere”—to kidnap.
Taking and using the thoughts, writings, and
inventions of another person as one's own.
Using someone’s ideas without citing or
quoting; thereby, receiving credit for someone
else’s intellectual effort.
Researchers do not claim the words and ideas
of another as their own, they give credit
where credit is required.
Self-plagiarism
Researchers do not present their own previously
published work as a new without any citation.
34
35. Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational Research:
Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative
and qualitative research (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle
River: Pearson.
Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. (2006).
Educational research: Competencies for analysis
and applications (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Pearson-Merrill Prentice Hall
Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association, (6th ed., 2nd printing).
De Vaus, D. A., & de Vaus, D. (2001). Research
design in social research. Sage.
35