Very useful for the new researchers. Define clearly and in a simple way every step of the research.

2. Research
By
Dr. Habib Khan
HoD HPESS
HSA, Ministry of National Health Services, Regulation
and Coordination, Islamabad, Pakistan.

3. What is Research
A research

4. Topic
A research topic is a subject or issue that a researcher is
interested in when conducting research. A well-defined
research topic is the starting point of every successful
research. Choosing a topic is an ongoing process by which
researchers explore, define, and refine their ideas.

5. Abstract
An abstract is a short summary of your completed research.
It is intended to describe your work without going into great
detail. Abstracts should be self-contained and concise,
explaining your work as briefly and clearly as possible.

6. Chapter: 01 Introduction
The introduction gives the reader background and
context to convey the importance of your research. It
should begin by broadly introducing your topic, then
narrowing to your focused research question or
hypothesis.

7. Problem Statement
A problem statement is an explanation in research that
describes the issue that is in need of study. What
problem is the research attempting to address? Having
a Problem Statement allows the reader to quickly
understand the purpose and intent of the research.

8. Significance of the Study
The significance of the study is a written statement that
explains why your research was needed. It's a justification
of the importance of your work and impact it has on your
research field, it's contribution to new knowledge and how
others will benefit from it.

9. Research Objective
A research objective, also known as a goal or an objective, is a
sentence or question that summarizes the purpose of your
study. In other words, it's an idea you want to understand
deeper by performing research. Objectives should be the
driving force behind every task you assign and each question
that you ask.

10. Hypothesis of the Study
Hypothesis states your predictions about what your
research will find. It is a tentative answer to your
research question that has not yet been tested.

11. Delimitation of the Study
Delimitation in research defines the specific boundaries of a
study, such as geographical, temporal, or conceptual
constraints, outlining what will be excluded or not within the
scope of investigation, providing clarity and ensuring the
study remains focused and manageable.

12. Limitation of the Study
Study limitations are the constraints placed on the ability to
generalize from the results, to further describe applications to
practice, and/or related to the utility of findings that are the
result of the ways in which you initially chose to design the
study or the method used to establish internal and external.

13. Chapter: 02 Literature Review
A literature review is an overview of the previous work
done on a topic.

14. Chapter:03 Methodology
Research methodology is the specific procedures or
techniques used to identify, select, process, and
analyze information about a topic. In a research, the
methodology section allows the reader to critically
evaluate a study's overall validity and reliability.

15. Study Design
Research study design is a framework, or the set of methods
and procedures used to collect and analyze data on variables
specified in a particular research problem. Research study
designs are of many types, each with its advantages and
limitations.

16. Study Setting
The setting of a research study refers to the physical,
social, or experimental context in which the research is
conducted. This includes the location, time period,
population, and environmental factors.

17. Population of the Study
The research population, also known as the target population,
refers to the entire group or set of individuals, objects, or
events that possess specific characteristics and are of interest
to the researcher. It represents the larger population from
which a sample is drawn.

18. Sample Size
We define sample as a finite part or subset of
participants drawn from the target population. In
turn, the target population corresponds to the entire
set of subjects whose characteristics are of interest to
the researcher.

19. Sampling Technique
Sampling technique is sampling strategy that you will
use in your research.

20. Selection Criteria
Selection criteria can also be used as a synonym for eligibility
criteria in studies; i.e. the characteristics used to decide
whether people are eligible to participate in a study, and
should be invited to participate.

21. Data Collection Tool
The term "data collecting tools" refers to the tools/devices
used to gather data, such as a paper questionnaire or a system
for computer-assisted interviews. Tools used to gather data
include case studies, checklists, interviews, occasionally
observation, surveys, and questionnaires.

22. Data Analysis Procedure
Data analysis is the most crucial part of any research. Data
analysis summarizes collected data. It involves the
interpretation of data gathered through the use of
analytical and logical reasoning to determine patterns,
relationships or trends.

23. Conceptual Framework
A conceptual framework includes key concepts, variables,
relationships, and assumptions that guide the academic
inquiry. The purpose of a conceptual framework is to serve
as a scheme for organizing and categorizing knowledge and
thereby help researchers in developing theories and
hypotheses and conducting studies.

24. Chapter: 04 Results
The Results (also sometimes called Findings) section in an
empirical research paper describes what the researcher(s)
found when they analyzed their data. Its primary purpose is
to use the data collected to answer the research question(s)
posed in the introduction, even if the findings challenge the
hypothesis.

25. Chapter: 05 Discussion
The purpose of the discussion section is to interpret and
describe the significance of your findings in relation to what
was already known about the research problem being
investigated and to explain any new understanding or
insights that emerged as a result of your research.

26. Chapter: 06 Conclusion
The conclusion is the part of the research that brings
everything together in a logical manner. As the last part of
a research, a conclusion provides a clear interpretation of
the results of your research in a way that stresses the
significance of your study.

27. Recommendations
A recommendation is a suggestion or proposal for
something that should be done, as derived from the
findings. Recommendations can include: Improvements
in a study approach or methodology.

28. Future Directions
The future directions of research include building on the
results of previous studies and continuing the research
initiated in previous works . There is a need for further
research that can expand the knowledge.

29. References
Referencing allows you to acknowledge the contribution of
other writers and researchers in your work. Any university
assignments that draw on the ideas, words or research of
other writers must contain citations. Referencing is also a way
to give credit to the writers from whom you have borrowed
words and ideas.

30. Appendices
An appendix comes at the end (after the reference list) of a
research, or dissertation and contains any additional
information such as raw data or interview transcripts. The
information in the appendices is relevant but is too long or
too detailed to include in the main body of your work.

31. Thank You