Electricity theft, also known as power theft, is a significant problem that results in major financial losses for electricity distribution companies (DISCOMs). There are various methods of electricity theft including meter tampering, illegal connections, billing irregularities, and unpaid bills. Electricity theft is often linked to corruption within the DISCOM and poor corporate governance. Reducing theft requires technical solutions like advanced metering as well as managerial reforms and a crackdown on corruption. The author recommends that DISCOMs thoroughly analyze theft in their systems, invest in upgrading infrastructure, implement strict anti-theft policies, and reform practices to improve transparency and accountability in order to effectively address the problem of electricity theft.
Solareff Information Brochure - Current Regulatory Position September 2016Solareff Pty Ltd
Eskom recently released changes to their regulations regarding the connection and synchronization of embedded generation systems on an LV network. We have compiled a useful information brochure to assist you in understanding the regulatory principles. You are welcome to address any questions of a regulatory nature to us.
Webinar: Under Lock & Key; Theft Protection in Today's Utility Marketplace IUSTechnologies
The document discusses the issue of electricity theft globally and provides solutions. It finds that electricity theft is a major global problem, with some countries experiencing losses of up to 50% due to theft. In the US, theft amounts to $6 billion in losses annually for utilities. Theft occurs through illegal connections, unbilled consumption, non-payment, and bypassing meters. Grow houses are a growing problem. Solutions proposed include smart meters, end-of-line monitoring, public outreach, legal measures, and stricter regulations.
The document discusses the adoption of smart metering and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) by North American utilities. It states that while some utilities will take a minimal compliance-based approach, more visionary companies will see smart metering as an opportunity to positively influence their future. It outlines the benefits of smart metering programs that go beyond basic meter reading to leverage investments and benefit all electricity market participants. Key challenges include influencing consumer behavior and integrating new technology and data with legacy utility systems. Effective smart metering solutions require coordinated implementation of meters, communications systems, data management and other components. Utilities are advised to partner with experienced providers to ensure successful smart metering initiatives.
All North American utilities will adopt smart metering and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) to some degree in the near future. While some utilities will take a minimal approach, more visionary companies will use smart metering as an opportunity to positively influence their future. Most utilities favor taking the latter, more innovative approach based on programs seen throughout North America. Implementing smart metering programs presents both business strategy challenges and technology issues for utilities to navigate. Utilities that view smart metering solely as a means to improve revenue management are missing opportunities, as effective programs leverage investments to support broader benefits and market efficiency. Partnerships will be key to ensuring smart metering initiatives succeed in meeting utilities' goals.
Utilities must embrace a fresh approach to managing peak demand and system security through smart metering. This includes motivating consumers to conserve energy and shift usage away from peak times, justifying smart meter investments through broader benefits, and increasing market transparency. Most utility executives favor innovative smart metering programs to meet priorities while realizing additional benefits. Utilities must leverage smart meter investments to support demand response, grid planning, reliability, and new services.
Electricity theft impacts utilities by lacking funds to operate, lacking exposure to new technologies, and enabling corruption. It occurs when illegal consumers steal directly from lines or legal customers, or when legal customers tamper with or bypass meters. Technical solutions include electronic tamper detection meters, pre-payment meters, plastic meter encasements, automatic meter reading systems, and anti-theft cables. If successful in avoiding power theft, there will be less scarcity of power utilization.
PREPAID ELECTRICITY REVENUE MANAGEMENT oral defenseDr Allen Mutono
This document summarizes a study on reducing prepaid electricity meter tampering in South Africa. It finds that meter tampering costs the electricity industry R625 million annually and leads utilities like Centlec to lose 58% of total revenue. The study recommends implementing advanced metering infrastructure like smart meters, expanding virtual vending points of sale via SMS, and creating an operational efficiency framework to improve Centlec's revenue collection from its 144,000 prepaid customers from R144 million annually to R300 million by eliminating losses from meter tampering.
How to make a metering system work! and what still needs to be done canice emekaCANICE EMEKA
Metering is the Pivot of Power Distribution. To get it right we must first of all understand how it works and put the right plans and strategies in place in order to make it successful. Here we talked about what makes a metering System Work and the future of Metering.
Solareff Information Brochure - Current Regulatory Position September 2016Solareff Pty Ltd
Eskom recently released changes to their regulations regarding the connection and synchronization of embedded generation systems on an LV network. We have compiled a useful information brochure to assist you in understanding the regulatory principles. You are welcome to address any questions of a regulatory nature to us.
Webinar: Under Lock & Key; Theft Protection in Today's Utility Marketplace IUSTechnologies
The document discusses the issue of electricity theft globally and provides solutions. It finds that electricity theft is a major global problem, with some countries experiencing losses of up to 50% due to theft. In the US, theft amounts to $6 billion in losses annually for utilities. Theft occurs through illegal connections, unbilled consumption, non-payment, and bypassing meters. Grow houses are a growing problem. Solutions proposed include smart meters, end-of-line monitoring, public outreach, legal measures, and stricter regulations.
The document discusses the adoption of smart metering and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) by North American utilities. It states that while some utilities will take a minimal compliance-based approach, more visionary companies will see smart metering as an opportunity to positively influence their future. It outlines the benefits of smart metering programs that go beyond basic meter reading to leverage investments and benefit all electricity market participants. Key challenges include influencing consumer behavior and integrating new technology and data with legacy utility systems. Effective smart metering solutions require coordinated implementation of meters, communications systems, data management and other components. Utilities are advised to partner with experienced providers to ensure successful smart metering initiatives.
All North American utilities will adopt smart metering and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) to some degree in the near future. While some utilities will take a minimal approach, more visionary companies will use smart metering as an opportunity to positively influence their future. Most utilities favor taking the latter, more innovative approach based on programs seen throughout North America. Implementing smart metering programs presents both business strategy challenges and technology issues for utilities to navigate. Utilities that view smart metering solely as a means to improve revenue management are missing opportunities, as effective programs leverage investments to support broader benefits and market efficiency. Partnerships will be key to ensuring smart metering initiatives succeed in meeting utilities' goals.
Utilities must embrace a fresh approach to managing peak demand and system security through smart metering. This includes motivating consumers to conserve energy and shift usage away from peak times, justifying smart meter investments through broader benefits, and increasing market transparency. Most utility executives favor innovative smart metering programs to meet priorities while realizing additional benefits. Utilities must leverage smart meter investments to support demand response, grid planning, reliability, and new services.
Electricity theft impacts utilities by lacking funds to operate, lacking exposure to new technologies, and enabling corruption. It occurs when illegal consumers steal directly from lines or legal customers, or when legal customers tamper with or bypass meters. Technical solutions include electronic tamper detection meters, pre-payment meters, plastic meter encasements, automatic meter reading systems, and anti-theft cables. If successful in avoiding power theft, there will be less scarcity of power utilization.
PREPAID ELECTRICITY REVENUE MANAGEMENT oral defenseDr Allen Mutono
This document summarizes a study on reducing prepaid electricity meter tampering in South Africa. It finds that meter tampering costs the electricity industry R625 million annually and leads utilities like Centlec to lose 58% of total revenue. The study recommends implementing advanced metering infrastructure like smart meters, expanding virtual vending points of sale via SMS, and creating an operational efficiency framework to improve Centlec's revenue collection from its 144,000 prepaid customers from R144 million annually to R300 million by eliminating losses from meter tampering.
How to make a metering system work! and what still needs to be done canice emekaCANICE EMEKA
Metering is the Pivot of Power Distribution. To get it right we must first of all understand how it works and put the right plans and strategies in place in order to make it successful. Here we talked about what makes a metering System Work and the future of Metering.
Electricity theft in India constitutes a significant portion of total losses, around 40%, which leads to higher electricity prices for consumers. Prepayment metering systems help address this issue by allowing consumers to purchase electricity up front like a commodity. Under this system, the consumption data is communicated to the supplier via antennas on the meters and poles, allowing consumers to better budget their usage while reducing losses and prices for utilities and consumers overall.
The document summarizes the rural universal service program in the United States. It outlines how the program works through assessments on telecommunications revenues to fund subsidies. It discusses the history and goals of reasonably comparable access to telecom services in rural areas. However, outcomes are difficult to measure and costs may exceed benefits, with annual hidden costs estimated at $2.14 billion. Major issues for reform include capping funds, eliminating identical support, using reverse auctions, and reforming intercarrier compensation.
The document is a report on the status of smart grid deployments in the United States as mandated by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. Some of the key findings are:
- Distributed energy resources like solar and storage are growing but still low penetration levels. Microgrids, electric vehicles, and demand response are in early phases.
- Infrastructure upgrades like advanced metering and transmission automation are progressing but also at low penetration levels currently. Distribution automation is increasing due to improved cost/benefit analyses.
- The business cases and policies around smart grid development are emerging but understanding of environmental and consumer impacts remains limited.
- A cultural change is needed to fully integrate automation across the electric system and among stakeholders from a technical
*Many developing countries confront widespread theft of electricity from government owned power utilities.
*In India electricity theft leads to annual losses estimated at USA $4.5 billion, about 1.5 percent of GDP.
*Honest consumers, poor people and those without connections bear system inefficiencies and inadequate and unreliable power supply are the losers due to power theft
The document discusses issues with Section 301 of the 1996 Telecommunications Act regarding cable reform. It argues that while the Act aimed to increase competition, it has instead allowed consolidation resulting in limited choices and high prices for consumers. Specifically, Section 301's broad categorization of equipment costs and assumption that installation charges would not vary significantly have not accounted for technological changes and local monopolies. The document proposes amendments to Section 301, such as more specific equipment categorization based on type and usage, and holding companies accountable if providing faulty equipment or limited service choices due to local monopolies. The goal is to update the law for current market realities and benefit consumers.
This document summarizes a study on the economic effects of technical and non-technical losses in Nigeria's power transmission system. The study found that Nigeria's 330kV transmission network suffers from high voltage drops and power losses of around 454.73 GW annually, costing over 4.4 billion naira. These losses are caused by technical issues like low generation capacity and a long, fragile network as well as non-technical issues like electricity theft. Reducing these transmission and distribution losses, which at 17.72% of output are very high compared to more efficient countries, could boost Nigeria's economic growth.
Solareff Information Brochure - Current Regulatory Position July 2016Solareff Pty Ltd
Embedded solar PV generation in South Africa has unclear regulations, leading to uncertainty for clients. The Small Scale Embedded Generation Rules process began in 2015 to clarify the position but was taken over by the Department of Energy and may be issued by mid-2016. Currently, Eskom does not allow synchronization of embedded generation to its low voltage network for safety reasons. Municipalities have various rules for connections but many do not allow it. Prospective clients should carefully check the legality and design with their service provider.
The document discusses issues surrounding regulation of radio frequency (RF) radiation from telecommunications devices like smart meters. It notes that the FCC's exposure limits were last updated in 1996 and the GAO recommends a review. An upcoming FCC document addresses this by proposing to make exposure standards uniform and inquiring if the current "thermal" safety basis is adequate. The document also discusses state laws and initiatives regarding smart meter opt-outs in places like California, Maine, Vermont and debates over time-based metering.
ATC loss is introduced to accurately capture transmission and distribution losses by calculating the difference between energy input into the system and actual energy payment collected, rather than just comparing energy billed to consumers. It considers both technical losses from overloading equipment and poor maintenance as well as commercial losses from issues like low billing/collection efficiency, electricity theft, and corruption. ATC loss percentage is calculated as the difference between energy input and energy realized from actual bill collections, divided by total energy input.
This document provides information on transmission and distribution (T&D) losses and Aggregate Technical and Commercial (AT&C) losses in the Indian power sector from 2001-2004. Some key points:
- T&D losses were historically overstated due to issues in accounting, and AT&C losses provide a clearer measure of efficiency by accounting for technical, commercial and collection losses.
- Many states showed improvements over this period, with some reducing AT&C losses below 25%, while others remained above 50%. Reform efforts focused on metering, energy auditing and establishing regulatory commissions.
- The Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme was launched to strengthen infrastructure and provide incentives to reduce cash losses from
Electricity consumer dishonesty is a problem faced
by all power utilities. Finding efficient measurements for
detecting fraudulent electricity consumption has been an active
research area in recent years. This paper presents a new
approach towards (NTL) analysis for electric
utilities using a novel intelligence-based technique, Support
Vector Machine (SVM). The main motivation of this study is to
assist Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) in Malaysia to reduce its
NTLs in the distribution sector due to electricity theft. The
proposed model preselects suspected customers to be inspected
onsite for fraud based on irregularities and abnormal
consumption behavior. This approach provides a method of data
mining and involves feature extraction from historical customer
consumption data. The SVM based approach uses customer load
profile information to expose abnormal behavior that is known to
be highly correlated with NTL activities. The result yields
classification classes that are used to shortlist potential fraud
suspects for onsite inspection, based on significant behavior that
emerges due to irregularities in consumption. Simulation results
prove the proposed method is more effective compared to the
current actions taken by TNB in order to reduce NTL activities.
This paper presents a framework to identify and detect NTL
activities in the electric utility market i.e., customers with
irregular and abnormal consumption patterns indicating
fraudulent activities. An automatic feature extraction method
for load profiles with a combination of Support Vector
Machines (SVMs) is used to identify fraud customers. This
study uses historical customer consumption data collected
from TNBD. Customer consumption patterns are extracted
using data mining and statistical techniques, which represent
customer load profiles. Based on the assumption that load
profiles contain abnormalities when a fraud event occurs,
SVM classifies load profiles of customers for detection of
fraud suspects. There are several different types of fraud that
can occur, but our research concentrates only on scenarios
where abrupt changes appear in load profiles, indicating
fraudulent activities.
This document presents the concept of a wireless power theft monitoring system to address the problem of power theft in Uganda. Power theft results in significant financial losses for utility providers annually. The proposed system would detect power theft using current sensors before and after the meter to compare voltages and detect discrepancies. If theft is detected, power would be disconnected and a message sent via GSM to notify authorities. The document outlines the types of power losses, methods of theft, details of the prototype designed and tested, and concludes that implementing such a system could help reduce losses from theft.
It is a presentation about GIS in RAPDRP project. DISCOM can use GIS tools and data for their betterment to navigation towards their electrical assets & for calculation of AT&C losses.
The document describes an electrical power theft detection and wireless meter reading system. The system uses wireless data transmission between digital energy meters and a pole-mounted receiver to detect discrepancies between the power sent on a distribution line and the power consumed by loads on that line, indicating potential theft. It also allows for wireless meter reading to save utility companies time compared to manual readings. If the power measured at the pole exceeds the consumption measured by a load-side meter by more than a set tolerance, factoring in line losses, theft is detected on that line.
This document describes a wireless power theft monitoring system and indication at a local substation. It includes chapters on hardware components like the energy meter, sensors, microcontroller, RF transmitter and receiver. It also covers the software used, including Kiel μVision and C programming. The working of the system is explained, with the consumer side transmitting data to the substation side via RF. Results and future work are discussed. The aim is to design a system to detect electricity theft and backtrack the location using radio frequency technology.
Detection and Instantaneous Prevention of Power TheftIOSR Journals
This document discusses methods for detecting and preventing power theft. It begins by outlining the problem of electricity theft in India, costing $17 billion annually. It then describes some common methods of theft, such as attaching magnets to meters or bypassing meters. The document presents a proposed circuit to detect two types of theft: phase bypassing and overloading. It includes block diagrams of the circuit and simulations of overload and phase bypass conditions. Upon detection, the circuit would instantly disconnect the main power supply. The circuit uses readily available components like optocouplers and relays in a cost-effective design. In conclusion, the circuit could help address the significant problem of power theft.
Electricity theft detection and localisation in unknown radial low voltage ne...eSAT Journals
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help regulate emotions and stress levels.
This paper proposes a system to detect illegal electricity usage using power line communication (PLC). The system would add a secondary digital energy meter and PLC modem at the connection point between a user's line and the main power lines. It would also compare the energy readings from the secondary meter to the primary meter included in the existing automatic meter reading (AMR) system. If the readings differ, it would indicate illegal usage and generate an error signal. The system was tested in simulations and showed accurate detection of illegal loads for about $20-25 per subscriber, providing an economical solution to reduce distribution losses.
The document discusses fraud risk and consumer fraud management. It defines fraud and outlines the main categories. It provides data on fraud incidents and losses from regulatory reports. It then details common types of fraud like identity theft, credit card fraud, and phishing. The document outlines challenges in fraud management and provides examples of fraud attempts in Pakistan. It concludes with recommendations for financial institutions to strengthen anti-fraud culture, define clear roles and responsibilities, invest in fraud detection systems, and leverage fraud data and training to enhance consumer fraud management.
This document analyzes electricity theft in Uttar Pradesh, India from 2000-2009 using data from the state power corporation. The key findings are:
1. Electricity theft is substantial in magnitude in Uttar Pradesh.
2. Theft varies with the state's electoral cycle, with more theft occurring in years when state assembly elections are held.
3. Theft increases with the number of tubewells used by farmers for irrigation, suggesting it is linked to unmetered agricultural electricity use.
This document describes a system called "Accident Detection, Theft and Drive Protection using Intelligent Wireless Safety Helmet". The system consists of a helmet unit and vehicle unit that communicate wirelessly. The helmet unit ensures the rider is wearing a helmet and not under the influence of alcohol throughout the ride. If these conditions are not met, it communicates with the vehicle unit to prevent the ignition from starting. The vehicle unit detects accidents using sensors and notifies emergency contacts by SMS with the rider's location using GPS coordinates. The system also provides theft protection as the helmet is required along with the key to start the vehicle.
This document discusses power theft detection. It describes how power theft occurs through methods like slowing down meters with magnets, inverting meters, or bypassing feeders/meters. It also outlines some common detection methods like analyzing energy consumption patterns, inspecting power lines, and using smart grid technology. The document notes challenges in detection and the significance of reducing power theft for economic, environmental, and safety reasons. It concludes that technological advances will help improve power theft detection over time.
Electricity theft in India constitutes a significant portion of total losses, around 40%, which leads to higher electricity prices for consumers. Prepayment metering systems help address this issue by allowing consumers to purchase electricity up front like a commodity. Under this system, the consumption data is communicated to the supplier via antennas on the meters and poles, allowing consumers to better budget their usage while reducing losses and prices for utilities and consumers overall.
The document summarizes the rural universal service program in the United States. It outlines how the program works through assessments on telecommunications revenues to fund subsidies. It discusses the history and goals of reasonably comparable access to telecom services in rural areas. However, outcomes are difficult to measure and costs may exceed benefits, with annual hidden costs estimated at $2.14 billion. Major issues for reform include capping funds, eliminating identical support, using reverse auctions, and reforming intercarrier compensation.
The document is a report on the status of smart grid deployments in the United States as mandated by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. Some of the key findings are:
- Distributed energy resources like solar and storage are growing but still low penetration levels. Microgrids, electric vehicles, and demand response are in early phases.
- Infrastructure upgrades like advanced metering and transmission automation are progressing but also at low penetration levels currently. Distribution automation is increasing due to improved cost/benefit analyses.
- The business cases and policies around smart grid development are emerging but understanding of environmental and consumer impacts remains limited.
- A cultural change is needed to fully integrate automation across the electric system and among stakeholders from a technical
*Many developing countries confront widespread theft of electricity from government owned power utilities.
*In India electricity theft leads to annual losses estimated at USA $4.5 billion, about 1.5 percent of GDP.
*Honest consumers, poor people and those without connections bear system inefficiencies and inadequate and unreliable power supply are the losers due to power theft
The document discusses issues with Section 301 of the 1996 Telecommunications Act regarding cable reform. It argues that while the Act aimed to increase competition, it has instead allowed consolidation resulting in limited choices and high prices for consumers. Specifically, Section 301's broad categorization of equipment costs and assumption that installation charges would not vary significantly have not accounted for technological changes and local monopolies. The document proposes amendments to Section 301, such as more specific equipment categorization based on type and usage, and holding companies accountable if providing faulty equipment or limited service choices due to local monopolies. The goal is to update the law for current market realities and benefit consumers.
This document summarizes a study on the economic effects of technical and non-technical losses in Nigeria's power transmission system. The study found that Nigeria's 330kV transmission network suffers from high voltage drops and power losses of around 454.73 GW annually, costing over 4.4 billion naira. These losses are caused by technical issues like low generation capacity and a long, fragile network as well as non-technical issues like electricity theft. Reducing these transmission and distribution losses, which at 17.72% of output are very high compared to more efficient countries, could boost Nigeria's economic growth.
Solareff Information Brochure - Current Regulatory Position July 2016Solareff Pty Ltd
Embedded solar PV generation in South Africa has unclear regulations, leading to uncertainty for clients. The Small Scale Embedded Generation Rules process began in 2015 to clarify the position but was taken over by the Department of Energy and may be issued by mid-2016. Currently, Eskom does not allow synchronization of embedded generation to its low voltage network for safety reasons. Municipalities have various rules for connections but many do not allow it. Prospective clients should carefully check the legality and design with their service provider.
The document discusses issues surrounding regulation of radio frequency (RF) radiation from telecommunications devices like smart meters. It notes that the FCC's exposure limits were last updated in 1996 and the GAO recommends a review. An upcoming FCC document addresses this by proposing to make exposure standards uniform and inquiring if the current "thermal" safety basis is adequate. The document also discusses state laws and initiatives regarding smart meter opt-outs in places like California, Maine, Vermont and debates over time-based metering.
ATC loss is introduced to accurately capture transmission and distribution losses by calculating the difference between energy input into the system and actual energy payment collected, rather than just comparing energy billed to consumers. It considers both technical losses from overloading equipment and poor maintenance as well as commercial losses from issues like low billing/collection efficiency, electricity theft, and corruption. ATC loss percentage is calculated as the difference between energy input and energy realized from actual bill collections, divided by total energy input.
This document provides information on transmission and distribution (T&D) losses and Aggregate Technical and Commercial (AT&C) losses in the Indian power sector from 2001-2004. Some key points:
- T&D losses were historically overstated due to issues in accounting, and AT&C losses provide a clearer measure of efficiency by accounting for technical, commercial and collection losses.
- Many states showed improvements over this period, with some reducing AT&C losses below 25%, while others remained above 50%. Reform efforts focused on metering, energy auditing and establishing regulatory commissions.
- The Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme was launched to strengthen infrastructure and provide incentives to reduce cash losses from
Electricity consumer dishonesty is a problem faced
by all power utilities. Finding efficient measurements for
detecting fraudulent electricity consumption has been an active
research area in recent years. This paper presents a new
approach towards (NTL) analysis for electric
utilities using a novel intelligence-based technique, Support
Vector Machine (SVM). The main motivation of this study is to
assist Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) in Malaysia to reduce its
NTLs in the distribution sector due to electricity theft. The
proposed model preselects suspected customers to be inspected
onsite for fraud based on irregularities and abnormal
consumption behavior. This approach provides a method of data
mining and involves feature extraction from historical customer
consumption data. The SVM based approach uses customer load
profile information to expose abnormal behavior that is known to
be highly correlated with NTL activities. The result yields
classification classes that are used to shortlist potential fraud
suspects for onsite inspection, based on significant behavior that
emerges due to irregularities in consumption. Simulation results
prove the proposed method is more effective compared to the
current actions taken by TNB in order to reduce NTL activities.
This paper presents a framework to identify and detect NTL
activities in the electric utility market i.e., customers with
irregular and abnormal consumption patterns indicating
fraudulent activities. An automatic feature extraction method
for load profiles with a combination of Support Vector
Machines (SVMs) is used to identify fraud customers. This
study uses historical customer consumption data collected
from TNBD. Customer consumption patterns are extracted
using data mining and statistical techniques, which represent
customer load profiles. Based on the assumption that load
profiles contain abnormalities when a fraud event occurs,
SVM classifies load profiles of customers for detection of
fraud suspects. There are several different types of fraud that
can occur, but our research concentrates only on scenarios
where abrupt changes appear in load profiles, indicating
fraudulent activities.
This document presents the concept of a wireless power theft monitoring system to address the problem of power theft in Uganda. Power theft results in significant financial losses for utility providers annually. The proposed system would detect power theft using current sensors before and after the meter to compare voltages and detect discrepancies. If theft is detected, power would be disconnected and a message sent via GSM to notify authorities. The document outlines the types of power losses, methods of theft, details of the prototype designed and tested, and concludes that implementing such a system could help reduce losses from theft.
It is a presentation about GIS in RAPDRP project. DISCOM can use GIS tools and data for their betterment to navigation towards their electrical assets & for calculation of AT&C losses.
The document describes an electrical power theft detection and wireless meter reading system. The system uses wireless data transmission between digital energy meters and a pole-mounted receiver to detect discrepancies between the power sent on a distribution line and the power consumed by loads on that line, indicating potential theft. It also allows for wireless meter reading to save utility companies time compared to manual readings. If the power measured at the pole exceeds the consumption measured by a load-side meter by more than a set tolerance, factoring in line losses, theft is detected on that line.
This document describes a wireless power theft monitoring system and indication at a local substation. It includes chapters on hardware components like the energy meter, sensors, microcontroller, RF transmitter and receiver. It also covers the software used, including Kiel μVision and C programming. The working of the system is explained, with the consumer side transmitting data to the substation side via RF. Results and future work are discussed. The aim is to design a system to detect electricity theft and backtrack the location using radio frequency technology.
Detection and Instantaneous Prevention of Power TheftIOSR Journals
This document discusses methods for detecting and preventing power theft. It begins by outlining the problem of electricity theft in India, costing $17 billion annually. It then describes some common methods of theft, such as attaching magnets to meters or bypassing meters. The document presents a proposed circuit to detect two types of theft: phase bypassing and overloading. It includes block diagrams of the circuit and simulations of overload and phase bypass conditions. Upon detection, the circuit would instantly disconnect the main power supply. The circuit uses readily available components like optocouplers and relays in a cost-effective design. In conclusion, the circuit could help address the significant problem of power theft.
Electricity theft detection and localisation in unknown radial low voltage ne...eSAT Journals
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help regulate emotions and stress levels.
This paper proposes a system to detect illegal electricity usage using power line communication (PLC). The system would add a secondary digital energy meter and PLC modem at the connection point between a user's line and the main power lines. It would also compare the energy readings from the secondary meter to the primary meter included in the existing automatic meter reading (AMR) system. If the readings differ, it would indicate illegal usage and generate an error signal. The system was tested in simulations and showed accurate detection of illegal loads for about $20-25 per subscriber, providing an economical solution to reduce distribution losses.
The document discusses fraud risk and consumer fraud management. It defines fraud and outlines the main categories. It provides data on fraud incidents and losses from regulatory reports. It then details common types of fraud like identity theft, credit card fraud, and phishing. The document outlines challenges in fraud management and provides examples of fraud attempts in Pakistan. It concludes with recommendations for financial institutions to strengthen anti-fraud culture, define clear roles and responsibilities, invest in fraud detection systems, and leverage fraud data and training to enhance consumer fraud management.
This document analyzes electricity theft in Uttar Pradesh, India from 2000-2009 using data from the state power corporation. The key findings are:
1. Electricity theft is substantial in magnitude in Uttar Pradesh.
2. Theft varies with the state's electoral cycle, with more theft occurring in years when state assembly elections are held.
3. Theft increases with the number of tubewells used by farmers for irrigation, suggesting it is linked to unmetered agricultural electricity use.
This document describes a system called "Accident Detection, Theft and Drive Protection using Intelligent Wireless Safety Helmet". The system consists of a helmet unit and vehicle unit that communicate wirelessly. The helmet unit ensures the rider is wearing a helmet and not under the influence of alcohol throughout the ride. If these conditions are not met, it communicates with the vehicle unit to prevent the ignition from starting. The vehicle unit detects accidents using sensors and notifies emergency contacts by SMS with the rider's location using GPS coordinates. The system also provides theft protection as the helmet is required along with the key to start the vehicle.
This document discusses power theft detection. It describes how power theft occurs through methods like slowing down meters with magnets, inverting meters, or bypassing feeders/meters. It also outlines some common detection methods like analyzing energy consumption patterns, inspecting power lines, and using smart grid technology. The document notes challenges in detection and the significance of reducing power theft for economic, environmental, and safety reasons. It concludes that technological advances will help improve power theft detection over time.
This document discusses the key aspects and benefits of smart grids. It summarizes that smart grids actively manage energy distribution networks in real-time by controlling demand and generation. This reduces reliance on carbon-based energy and shifts to low-carbon resources. Smart grids utilize two-way communication and control over distribution systems to optimize electricity supply and integrate renewable energy. Key benefits include reduced costs for utilities from improved operations and maintenance, lower peak demand, and empowered consumers who can better manage energy usage.
Collusion and Fraud Detection on Electronic Energy Meters GAURAV. H .TANDON
The document discusses collusion and fraud detection related to smart energy meters. It covers topics such as collusion, which involves secret cooperation to deceive others; electricity theft; advanced metering infrastructure; reasons for electricity theft; legal aspects; safety and economic impacts of theft; and techniques for theft. The key points are that collusion aims to limit competition through deception, modern meters allow remote monitoring but lack of trust remains a barrier, and electricity theft endangers safety, harms economics, and is considered a legal issue.
This document discusses automating power distribution systems in India. It notes that distribution systems currently experience high losses and proposes automation as a solution to improve efficiencies. The document outlines the need for automation to reduce losses and improve reliability. It describes the various components of automation schemes including data collection equipment, RTUs, communication units, and SCADA systems. The document also discusses types of automation for substations, feeders, and consumers. It notes early automation projects in India and outlines the scope for future work and hurdles to implementing full distribution automation.
This document discusses the design and implementation of a smart anti-power theft system. It begins with an abstract that outlines the issues of electricity theft, including the economic losses incurred. It then discusses the key components of embedded systems used in power monitoring and describes the objectives, block diagram, and circuit diagram of the proposed smart anti-power theft system. The system is intended to automatically detect theft and restrict unauthorized electricity usage. The document also provides a literature review on previous work in electricity theft detection and monitoring systems. It concludes by discussing the scope for further improvements to the system, including integrating WiFi modules to notify users of theft detection.
IRJET-Electrical Power Robbery Detection and Transformer Fault Detection IRJET Journal
This document describes an electrical power theft detection and transformer fault detection system. The system uses remote data transmission via GSM to identify unauthorized tapping on power distribution lines and monitor the condition of distribution transformers. Sensors measure transformer parameters like currents, voltages, temperatures and oil conditions. A microcontroller analyzes the data and sends alerts via SMS if power theft or transformer faults are detected. This provides a low-cost way to remotely monitor transformers and detect power theft locations without human intervention.
IRJET- Overloading Detection in Residentional AreaIRJET Journal
The document summarizes a proposed system for detecting overloading in residential areas. Current sensors measure incoming and outgoing current from an energy meter. If outgoing current is greater than incoming, overloading occurs. The currents are compared using Arduino programming. If overloading is detected, warning SMS are sent to the utility and consumer via GSM. The supply is then cut off by a relay. The system aims to prevent losses from transformer overloading due to electricity theft or excessive usage.
This document proposes a power theft detection system consisting of a transformer type detection system, smart wireless transmitter and receiver, and display. It aims to reduce energy wastage by detecting power theft without human control in order to save time and labor costs, and maximize profits for the electricity authority. Power theft is currently estimated at 30% in Nepal and negatively impacts customers, grids, and the national economy. The proposed automated system would help monitor customers and identify theft through a methodology involving power supply, rectification, encoding, transmission, reception, decoding, and display of information.
The document discusses smart grids and their components. Some key points:
- A smart grid uses information and communications technologies to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics and sustainability of electricity production and distribution.
- It consists of applying digital processing and communications to the power grid, making data flow and information central.
- Smart grids allow for two-way communication between electricity producers and consumers, enabling functions like remote meter reading, demand response and outage detection.
- Advanced metering infrastructure, demand response, distributed generation and energy storage are some of the major smart grid applications and market segments.
- Widespread smart grid deployment faces challenges of high upfront costs, integrating new technologies with existing grid systems, and
Electricity theft is a major issue for India's power industry, resulting in estimated annual losses of $4.5 billion or 1.5% of GDP. Theft occurs through tampering with meters, bypassing meters, illegal wiring taps, and billing irregularities. Some common technical solutions to reduce theft include electronic tamper detection meters, pre-payment meters, plastic meter enclosures, anti-theft cabling, and using technologies like GSM and PLCs to monitor electricity distribution networks. Non-technical approaches also aim to increase accountability and enforcement of laws against electricity theft.
This document summarizes an advanced metering infrastructure system that detects electricity theft. It consists of two current sensors, one to measure the current supplied from the distribution box and one to measure the current consumed by the home. An Arduino processor compares the current readings and if a difference is detected above a threshold, it cuts power to the home and sends an alert message via GSM to the nearest substation. The system aims to reduce electricity theft by automatically detecting the location of theft and notifying authorities to reduce losses for power suppliers.
Improving Distribution System Performance in Deregulated Electricity Industry...IOSRJEEE
In many developing countries, domestic electricity consumers having single phase appliances are most times supplied with single phase meters with incoming three phase supply lines. Due to frequent phase faults, these customers often change their supply from one phase to another whenever there is low voltage or no supply in the phase they are currently connected to. This action coupled with the fact that there is uneven distribution of loads on the distribution transformers in residential areas, lead to more transformer overload with consequential loss of power, equipment, man-hours, revenue and in extreme cases, life. When electricity was treated as a welfare commodity or as part of government social responsibility, these consequences where ignored. But with commercialization, privatization and deregulation, cost minimization and profit maximization have become the watchwords. As a means of minimizing this, utilizing the concept of phase-constrained electricity billing scheme in the deregulated Nigerian Power Industry was presented in this work. The phaseconstrained billing model involves re-arranging the service lines and setting up constraint matrices to relate the phase and service lines utilizable by customer to the electricity bill using penalty factors. To test the acceptability of this model, a customer behavior and utilization index based questionnaires were administered in the field. The survey was analyzed using the statistical attitude measurement technique based on the 5-point Likert Scale. The responses obtained showed that introducing a penalty factor in the billing which ensure that those using more phases pay higher will minimize frequent change of phases; and provide a direction for utilities and customers in resolving the power quality and availability problems associated with frequent phase changing.
MODERN SMART GRIDS AND LEVERAGING SMART METER DATA.pptxJasmeet939104
The document discusses leveraging smart meter data to recognize appliances. It proposes a scheme to analyze recorded consumption information from smart meters to provide an appliance-specific breakdown of energy use. It describes simulating smart meter data for resistive, inductive and capacitive loads. Changes in power characteristics when appliances are switched on/off could be detected and compared to signature databases to identify individual appliances. However, challenges include smaller appliances being masked by larger household activity and continuously variable appliances being difficult to detect.
DISTRIBUTED TRANSFORMER ENERGY METER USING GSM TECHNOLOGYecij
The Distributed transformer meter is located in all user building blocks and a server is preserved from the facility contributor. The electricity is major part for consuming the energy level with cost and obtaining the energy used by customers can be maintain in every sequence of manual process is very difficult to identify. There are some common techniques that are used by customers for theft and leakage of power in one particular transformer and these robberies are detected using GSM. These meters provide the automatic readings data with help of Apriori algorithm. It will reduce the labor task and financial expenditure by adopting the automatic meter reading is to provide the bill entry process. This is very useful and helps to
households consumers.
This document describes a proposed system for wirelessly monitoring power theft. A microcontroller would be interfaced with a meter and sensors to detect abnormal power usage. If power theft is detected, it would trigger a relay to cut power and send a wireless message to alert authorities. The goal is to reduce losses from power theft by identifying exact locations of theft in real-time.
IRJET- Automated Energy Metering SystemIRJET Journal
The document proposes an automated energy metering system to address issues with existing analog and digital energy metering. The system uses wireless sensors connected to each load to monitor power usage, which is sent to a controller and then to the customer and substation via wireless network. This allows customers to track daily usage on a mobile app to reduce waste, and helps identify power theft. It automates billing and payment through the app. By monitoring each appliance, it eliminates human errors in meter reading and reduces costs.
1) Smart metering can help address revenue challenges for Indian utilities by reducing losses from theft and errors through features like remote disconnection, accurate billing data, and customer load monitoring.
2) While some Indian utilities were early adopters of electronic meters, many did not fully utilize meter data or build IT systems to make business decisions, and faced challenges from India's power system conditions and social issues related to theft.
3) Key drivers for smart metering in India are planning and operation efficiency, revenue leakage reduction, asset management, improved customer service, and demand management. Addressing the root causes of losses through cost-effective and customized solutions is important.
1. Power theft is a major problem in India, costing billions of rupees annually. Common methods of theft include tampering with meters, bypassing meters, and illegal taps of distribution lines.
2. Technical solutions proposed to detect power theft include electronic tamper detection meters, pre-payment meters, plastic meter enclosures, and using programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and GSM networks to automatically read meters and detect anomalies.
3. A PLC-based system would install meters with PLC modules high on power poles to transmit usage data through power lines to displays in homes, while a second meter verifies usage to detect theft. GSM networks could also enable automatic remote meter reading to
This document discusses smart grids and the role of advanced metering infrastructure in India. It notes that India has one of the weakest electrical grids in the world with high transmission losses. A smart grid uses communication and information technologies to better manage electricity distribution and demand. Advanced metering infrastructure is a key component, allowing two-way communication between utilities and customers to provide energy usage data and enable demand response programs. This can help improve grid reliability and efficiency while empowering consumers.
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1. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Electricity Theft vis-a-vis Revenue Protection
-Er. Vinay Gupta
Chief Engineer (Revenue Inspection Unit & Raids)
Uttarakhand Power Corporation Limited, Dehradun
E-mail : vinaygupta@upcl.org
MODUS OPERANDI
The modus operandi of pilferage of Electricity may be due to fraud (meter tampering),
stealing (illegal connections), billing irregularities and un-paid bills. The financial
impacts of theft are reduced income from the sale of electricity and the necessity to charge
more to the electricity consumers. Electricity theft due to pilferage is closely related to the
corporate governance indicators with higher levels of theft without effective
accountability and high levels of corruption. Electricity theft can be reduced by applying
technical solutions such as tamper-proof meters, Technology & managerial methods such
as inspection and monitoring and re-structuring DISCOM (Distribution Company) and
Electricity Regulation.
PROBLEM & IMPLICATIONS
The DISCOM (Distribution Company) can never be 100% secure from theft. In many
Distribution Systems, the amount of theft is 1-2% in terms of the electricity generated.
But the financial loss is high due to the large amount of electricity distributed across the
Distribution periphery.
The weighted average System loss in the power sector in totality is estimated at 35%
which includes 21% Technical loss. The balance 14% is due to pilferage, theft and unauthorized use of electricity.
As per as Electricity Act 2003 under Section 135 to 140 read with Section 150 and
Section 151 the theft of Electricity shall be cognizable and non-bailable. Any connivance
may entail confinement and long-term imprisonment. However, the corruption
incremented in theft practices as favour can be sought from the Utility employees in the
form of in-accurate billing and allowing to the consumers illegal connections for their
own vested interests.
2. MIS-MANAGEMENT
In Power Systems not all the electricity generated reaches paying consumers because of inefficiencies
and improper managerial practices:
•System use – The electricity power system consumes some of the electricity generated in order to
produce and distribute the electricity. Lighting maintenance etc. have to be provided in associate
Power Stations and facilities and this power is not subject to metering or “sold” in the commercial
terminology. System use can vary from 2% to 6% of generation accordingly.
•Technical Transmission and Distribution (T&D) Losses- Electric power is lost while being
transmitted and distributed when it passes through transformers and is distributed in low
capacity Lines. Systems with long Transmission Lines Network risk a higher amount of T&D
loss than the shorter Line Systems. Also the quality of the Lines and Transformers can affect
efficiency of Transmission and Distribution. Power Systems that invest significantly in the
Operation Maintenance (O&M) and in the advanced technology of Transmission and
Distribution can reduce technical T&D losses.
•Gratis- A third type of loss is electricity allocated gratis. DISCOMS provide free electricity
without charge to certain people and Organization.
RE-DEFINING ELECTRICITY THEFT
The extent of the electricity theft depends upon a variety of factors from cultural to how the
Power Distribution Utility is managed:
•Fraud- Fraud is when the consumer deliberately tries to deceive the Utility. A common
practice is to tamper with the meter so that a lower reading of power use is shown than is the
case.
•Stealing Electricity- Electricity theft can be arranged by rigging a line from the power
source to where it is needed by passing a meter.
The illegal Lines (direct electricity connection) are easy to detect as they are often above ground
and clearly visible on Line Patrol. However, one finds reports of Staff being assaulted and
needing police support to carry out the removal of the Lines. Corrupt Staff from the
Distribution Utilities may take bribes to allow the practice to continue.
•Billing irregularities- Billing irregularities can occur from several sources. Some Utilities
may not be very effective in measuring the amount of electricity used and un-intentionally can
give a higher of lower figure than the accurate one. The un-intentional irregularities may even
out over time. However, it is also very easy in some System to arrange for much lower bills to be
given than for the power actually used. Employees may be bribed to record the meter at a lower
value than is shown. The consumer pays the lower bill and the meter-reader earns un-official
salary.
3. •Unpaid bills- Some consumer do not pay what they owe for electricity.
Some analysts may not regard non-payment as “theft”. However, when it becomes
institutionalized and people and Organizations expect that they can get away with it, unpaid
bills should fall into the “theft” category.
MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICITY THEFT
Electricity theft can be estimated but not measured exactly. The most accurate estimate of
theft is by conducting a thorough analysis of the Power System.
The standard method of measuring power theft is by analysis of transmission and Distribution
losses (T&D losses). The method takes the difference between the amount of electricity
generated (minus system use and gratis) in relationship to the amount metered and sold.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND ELECTRICITY THEFT
Electricity theft is related to a broader culture of governance of mal-governance.
•Voice and accountability: Aspects of the political process, civil liberties and political rights.
•Government effectiveness: The quality of public service provision and the bureaucracy ,
competence of civil servants and the independence of the Civil Service.
•Regulatory burden: Incidence of market un-friendly policies such as price controls, and
perceptions of burdens imposed by excessive regulation.
•Rule of Law: Abiding by the rules of society effectiveness of the judiciary and enforceability
of contacts.
•Graft and corruption: The exercise of public power for personal gain, bribery, impact of
corruption on business.
Electricity theft and corruption appear to be closely linked. It takes the connivance of Utility
employees resulting in high T&D losses and theft continue to occur.
IMPACT OF ELECTRICITY THEFT
From a business perspective, electricity theft results in economic losses to the Utility. Some
may argue that large utilities providing essential services give poor service over-charge make
to much money anyway and therefore some theft will not break the Company drastically
affect its operations and profitability.
The consequences of theft in the worst case systems are important to the viability of the
services provided. The combined Losses (including non-payment of bills) in some Systems have
severe impacts resulting in Utilities operating at a loss and must continually increase
electricity charges. Locked into a culture of inefficiency and corruption, the electricity
Utilities have difficulty delivering reliable service.
4. REMEDIAL MEASURES TO CURB THEFT OF ELECTRICITY
Electricity theft can never totally be eradicated in any Power System. Many DISCOM operate
in a governance culture that promotes organizational efficiency and theft law enforcement.
DISCOMS (Distribution Company) strategies for dealing with theft vary. DISCOMS pay little
attention to theft problems perhaps hoping theft will disappear and not become a public issue.
Other DISCOMS treat electricity theft as the highest priority.
The first-step in electricity theft reduction is to become knowledgeable about the theft problem.
Unless the nature and extent of power theft is known in great detail any attempts to detail any
attempts to deal effectively with the problem are prone to fragmented and limited action that
have little over-all success.
Therefore, the Distribution Company, whether of national or regional should be encouraged to
initiate a detailed Power Theft analysis. The analysis must go beyond conventional engineering
and managerial frameworks and understand and explain why theft occurs and what factors
perpetuate theft. The information derived is essential to design an appropriate strategy for
dealing with theft.
•Reducing Power theftThree methods for reducing power theft are identified Technical/Engineering Managerial
and System Change.
•Technical/Engineering Methodology - Electric power is not a new technology and
innovations taking place enable very efficient systems to be installed and maintained. Many
Power Systems need to be installed and maintained. Many power systems devote inadequate
resources and effort to Transmission and Distribution (T&D) Systems and do not use the latest
technology. The investment necessary to reduce losses includes upgrading power lines,
transformers, information technology monitoring systems and installing and maintenance of
modern metering systems that are at the interface of the Organization and the consumers of the
electricity.
Significant technological advancement in metering has occurred. Since much theft is from
meter tampering it is important to replace old easy to tamper-with meters. New high-tech
sealed meters that cannot be altered in any way and can be read automatically are expensive
but can reduce theft when required of moderate to heavy power users and the investment in
high technology metering requires a sound and complex infrastructure in place to make the
System work effectively.
5. Managerial Method- DISCOM (Distribution Company) are very large entities that operate as
bureaucracies even though many are private sector Organizations. Combining strong technical
improvements with an intelligent and active anti-theft remedial measures may result
significant improvements. Corruption is one of the most difficult problem areas for DISCOM
(Distribution Company) because power theft occurs with the connivance of employees of the
power Organization. Increased investigation and surveillance may provide opportunity for more
corruption. Employees may even extort money from electricity consumers not to disclose theft. It
is the employees this includes, if necessary the ones at the very top of the organization.
Employees should be paid adequately so that they will not have to resort to bribes in order to
support a family.
Electricity utility employee must interface extensively with the consumers of electricity in
residences, factories and offices
IN A NUTSHELL
The evidence points to the increasing levels of power theft and the financial losses for the
Distribution Systems are so immense that the Utility is in financial turmoil. Investment in
improving the System and adding additional capacity cannot be undertaken loans and
payments cannot be met and the consumer faces increased electricity charges. Electricity theft
can be reduced and kept in check only by the strong and assertive action of Power Sector
Organization .
The strategy and the action of power should be based upon a thorough understanding of the
specific nature of the theft problem. A strong case can be made that the each Power System
(including consumers attitudes and behavior) has its own unique qualities and only by
knowing the system and the problem for which effective solutions can be designed and
implemented. Since a high level of power theft is linked with corruption, the analysis cannot be
confined to technical and managerial perspective and needs to adopt a multi-disciplinary
approach. Theft as an activity closely intertwined with governance and with the
socio-economic and political environment. Corruption and electricity theft thrives-off each
other. In an overall culture of corruption as a way of life, electricity theft can be reduced to
moderate levels by Technical/Engineering methods. But it is an uphill battle to reduce the
electricity theft rate drastically as long as extensive corruption continues .Reduction in power
theft and keeping it within reasonable bounds is more likely to be successful in Systems with a
good Governance Culture. This is because the theft reduction mechanisms find a friendly
environment for initiation and implementation. As part of generating and sustaining good
governance in communities the electric power systems have the opportunity to take the lead in
promoting sound corporate governance. The technological innovations make this task easier
should the managerial skills and desire exist to curb Theft of electricity. Electric power systems
can be restructured to make power sector organizations operate in competitive environments
where efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery are both virtues and necessities.
6. RECOMMENDATIONS
ELECTRICITY THEFT
FOR
CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE
AGAINST
•A realistic and plausible alibis for non-performance, In-efficiency, corruption and delays
needs to be pondered with appropriate action.
•Administration should be reformed to bring out improved transparency, greater
accountability and streamlining the structure eliminating all forms of corruption.
•Provide transparent guidelines for enhancing performance to curbing theft of electricity.
•Improve methods of cadre management focusing on career progression, motivation and
productivity enhancement.
•Citizen-centric Administration for Preventive anti-theft practices .
•Accountability , Monitoring of Outcome Orientation & Review for optimal control of Theft.
•Promoting services values & ethics related to efficiency, integrity, accountability &
patriotism.
• Commitment to the Company for strict compliance of anti-theft remedial measures to curb
pilferage of electricity.
• Compliance of Indian Electricity Act provisions against the defaulting consumers of
electricity & the Utility personnel in the prevalent theft practices resulting in Revenue
Leakage and corresponding Energy loss with the resultant increment in the Technical losses.
• Police enforcement & imprisonment with non-bailable provisions for the defaulting
consumers & involved Utility personnel with dedicated Courts, Police Stations and Jails for
confinement .
• Awareness of confinement with non-bailable and cognizable offence by those indulging in
pilferage of electricity by direct or indirect methods adopted for by-pass/tampering with the
metering system provided by the respective DISCOM.
• The un-billed energy on account of theft of electricity shall be the liability of the Utility
personnel with responsibility for random checking of the consumers in the theft-prone
electricity Distribution periphery.
• Setting – up of the strengthened Vigilance and Raids Organization in the DISCOM with
Police Enforcement to curb inter and intra-corrupt practices in respect of electricity theft
headed by Chief Vigilance Officer (CVO) of the rank of DIG or Inspector General of Police
from the State Police Department.
About the Author : He has a strong Public Schools education foundation from St. Xaviers’,
Kathmandu to St. Joseph Collegiate, Allahabad and St. Joseph Academy, Dehradun
(ISC 1973) and professional higher education at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)
Roorkee-erstwhile University of Roorkee, Roorkee and IIT / Kanpur prior to joining UPSEB
in July 1980. He is life Member of the Indian Institute of Material Management and Fellow,
Indian Water Resources Society and Member of the International Association on Electricity
Generation Transmission & Distribution(Afro-Asian Region). The author has a wide
experience of 33 years in the Power Sector in Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.