Eskom recently released changes to their regulations regarding the connection and synchronization of embedded generation systems on an LV network. We have compiled a useful information brochure to assist you in understanding the regulatory principles. You are welcome to address any questions of a regulatory nature to us.
Solareff Information Brochure - Current Regulatory Position July 2016Solareff Pty Ltd
Current regulations regarding the connection and synchronization of embedded generation systems can be confusing! After receiving many enquiries from clients wishing to connect their embedded generation systems to the utilities, we have compiled a useful information brochure to assist you in understanding the principles in a nutshell.
*Many developing countries confront widespread theft of electricity from government owned power utilities.
*In India electricity theft leads to annual losses estimated at USA $4.5 billion, about 1.5 percent of GDP.
*Honest consumers, poor people and those without connections bear system inefficiencies and inadequate and unreliable power supply are the losers due to power theft
An experienced street lighting team’s perspective -
Scotland has a strong focus on accelerating the provision of electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Data shows that outside of London, Scotland is way ahead of the rest of the UK in the provision of public charge points. So, what can be learnt from Westminster’s EV charging rollout? The process has been managed by a specific team, with technical input from the council’s street lighting team. This CPD presentation will give the street lighting team’s view of the in-column EV charging rollout in the council. Covering the expectations versus reality under current standards, the issues found following installation, and the ever-changing landscape of what can be allowed on the highway, this session will benefit every street lighting professional with an involvement in EV charging. The webinar will also include an overview of the issues to consider with rapid chargers.
Speaker: Dean Wendelborn BE(Civil) and Dip.Lighting (LET), Westminster City Council
Solareff Information Brochure - Current Regulatory Position July 2016Solareff Pty Ltd
Current regulations regarding the connection and synchronization of embedded generation systems can be confusing! After receiving many enquiries from clients wishing to connect their embedded generation systems to the utilities, we have compiled a useful information brochure to assist you in understanding the principles in a nutshell.
*Many developing countries confront widespread theft of electricity from government owned power utilities.
*In India electricity theft leads to annual losses estimated at USA $4.5 billion, about 1.5 percent of GDP.
*Honest consumers, poor people and those without connections bear system inefficiencies and inadequate and unreliable power supply are the losers due to power theft
An experienced street lighting team’s perspective -
Scotland has a strong focus on accelerating the provision of electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Data shows that outside of London, Scotland is way ahead of the rest of the UK in the provision of public charge points. So, what can be learnt from Westminster’s EV charging rollout? The process has been managed by a specific team, with technical input from the council’s street lighting team. This CPD presentation will give the street lighting team’s view of the in-column EV charging rollout in the council. Covering the expectations versus reality under current standards, the issues found following installation, and the ever-changing landscape of what can be allowed on the highway, this session will benefit every street lighting professional with an involvement in EV charging. The webinar will also include an overview of the issues to consider with rapid chargers.
Speaker: Dean Wendelborn BE(Civil) and Dip.Lighting (LET), Westminster City Council
The public realm is seeing the introduction of many new technologies that require electrical supplies, none more than the need to install Electric Vehicle (EV) charging points.
This paper reviewed the IET Guidance document on the requirements for highway electrical street furniture with specific reference to EV points, their planning, area load capacity assessments, installation and operation but essentially and more importantly the ‘knock on’ effect on other highway electrical equipment. This included the highway lighting and what changes have to be made to the supplies to such equipment. It is perhaps this latter point that has the greatest impact on the lighting community and may see a change in how electrical connections to such systems are made in the future.
This talk is helpful to local authorities, developers, planning managers, environmental, town centre managers and contractors.
by Allan Howard, WSP
Safety considerations when undertaking public lighting works on ESB's overhead and underground LV network.
The webinar will cover training requirements, approvals, Live Working policies, Live Working procedures, interactions with ESB Networks and overall safety considerations that need to be adhered to by Local Authorities and their Public Lighting contractors when undertaking public lighting related works on ESB’s overhead and underground LV network.
Speaker: Sean Scannell, Public Lighting Interface Manager at ESB Networks.
Md7 Comments on CPUC Decision on Pole AttachmentsTom Leddo
Slide Presentation by Dan Shaughnessy, Md7 Land Use, on California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) Decision on Pole Attachments at 2016 Wireless West Conference in Anaheim, CA. April 22, 2016
As a power distribution solutions provider, UGL Limited provides the foundation for green cities and energy efficient infrastructures. Learn more about its services.
Intervención de David Trebolle, Unión FENOSA, en el marco de la jornada técnica Smartgrids - The making of en colaboración con IMDEA.
3 de noviembre de 2010
Tues.1040 am states role in protecting electric grids from emp and gmd with a...EnergyTech2015
EnergyTech2015.com Track 4 Session 2 SHAPING POLICY ON CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION AND RECOVERY Moderator: Mike DeLamare Panelists will briefly present current policy efforts, or the effects of policy on providers. This will be followed by Q&A from the audience. Panelists: Andrea Boland: Discuss current and pending Legislation for the State of Maine as compared to other States: /Maine John Ostrich: Speaking on the Space Weather Policy and Action Plan Patrick Shaw: Addressing the business continuity and the emergency management consequences of long-term power outages Kevin Goodman: Policy effects on Power and Data Centers Chuck Manto: Policy as a catalyst for technical innovations
The public realm is seeing the introduction of many new technologies that require electrical supplies, none more than the need to install Electric Vehicle (EV) charging points.
This paper reviewed the IET Guidance document on the requirements for highway electrical street furniture with specific reference to EV points, their planning, area load capacity assessments, installation and operation but essentially and more importantly the ‘knock on’ effect on other highway electrical equipment. This included the highway lighting and what changes have to be made to the supplies to such equipment. It is perhaps this latter point that has the greatest impact on the lighting community and may see a change in how electrical connections to such systems are made in the future.
This talk is helpful to local authorities, developers, planning managers, environmental, town centre managers and contractors.
by Allan Howard, WSP
Safety considerations when undertaking public lighting works on ESB's overhead and underground LV network.
The webinar will cover training requirements, approvals, Live Working policies, Live Working procedures, interactions with ESB Networks and overall safety considerations that need to be adhered to by Local Authorities and their Public Lighting contractors when undertaking public lighting related works on ESB’s overhead and underground LV network.
Speaker: Sean Scannell, Public Lighting Interface Manager at ESB Networks.
Md7 Comments on CPUC Decision on Pole AttachmentsTom Leddo
Slide Presentation by Dan Shaughnessy, Md7 Land Use, on California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) Decision on Pole Attachments at 2016 Wireless West Conference in Anaheim, CA. April 22, 2016
As a power distribution solutions provider, UGL Limited provides the foundation for green cities and energy efficient infrastructures. Learn more about its services.
Intervención de David Trebolle, Unión FENOSA, en el marco de la jornada técnica Smartgrids - The making of en colaboración con IMDEA.
3 de noviembre de 2010
Tues.1040 am states role in protecting electric grids from emp and gmd with a...EnergyTech2015
EnergyTech2015.com Track 4 Session 2 SHAPING POLICY ON CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION AND RECOVERY Moderator: Mike DeLamare Panelists will briefly present current policy efforts, or the effects of policy on providers. This will be followed by Q&A from the audience. Panelists: Andrea Boland: Discuss current and pending Legislation for the State of Maine as compared to other States: /Maine John Ostrich: Speaking on the Space Weather Policy and Action Plan Patrick Shaw: Addressing the business continuity and the emergency management consequences of long-term power outages Kevin Goodman: Policy effects on Power and Data Centers Chuck Manto: Policy as a catalyst for technical innovations
Improving Distribution System Performance in Deregulated Electricity Industry...IOSRJEEE
In many developing countries, domestic electricity consumers having single phase appliances are most times supplied with single phase meters with incoming three phase supply lines. Due to frequent phase faults, these customers often change their supply from one phase to another whenever there is low voltage or no supply in the phase they are currently connected to. This action coupled with the fact that there is uneven distribution of loads on the distribution transformers in residential areas, lead to more transformer overload with consequential loss of power, equipment, man-hours, revenue and in extreme cases, life. When electricity was treated as a welfare commodity or as part of government social responsibility, these consequences where ignored. But with commercialization, privatization and deregulation, cost minimization and profit maximization have become the watchwords. As a means of minimizing this, utilizing the concept of phase-constrained electricity billing scheme in the deregulated Nigerian Power Industry was presented in this work. The phaseconstrained billing model involves re-arranging the service lines and setting up constraint matrices to relate the phase and service lines utilizable by customer to the electricity bill using penalty factors. To test the acceptability of this model, a customer behavior and utilization index based questionnaires were administered in the field. The survey was analyzed using the statistical attitude measurement technique based on the 5-point Likert Scale. The responses obtained showed that introducing a penalty factor in the billing which ensure that those using more phases pay higher will minimize frequent change of phases; and provide a direction for utilities and customers in resolving the power quality and availability problems associated with frequent phase changing.
ScottMadden has developed the following document, which provides an overview of DERs, a description of why they are causing so much upheaval in the industry, a summary of the NARUC reports, and an outline of the key questions utilities must address in relation to DERs.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Solareff Information Brochure - Current Regulatory Position September 2016
1. EMBEDDED SOLAR PV GENERATION
IN SOUTH AFRICA
Connection and Synchronization of Embedded Generation –
The Current Status September 2016
Having received many enquiries from clients wishing
to connect their embedded generation systems to
utilities, we identified the need to prepare a summary
whereby persons could understand the principles in a
nutshell.
It should be noted that this document refers to both
grid-tied and grid-integrated systems (whenever there
is some form of connecting to the utility). Off-grid
systems are not pertinently part of this discussion.
Current Regulatory Position:
At present legislation and regulations regarding embedded
generation is open for interpretation. This results in
uncertainty pertaining to compliance.
One example is the interpretation of the “Own Use”
principle as contained in Item 2 of Schedule II of the
Electricity Regulation Act 4 of 2006 (“ERA”). Some utilities
interpret this as meaning that a specific user is a net
consumer of electricity over a certain period, say one year.
Other stakeholders interpret it as meaning that no reverse
flow of electricity through a meter occurs – the latter is also
referred to as “Self Consumption”.
There are also perceptions in the market about what
systems require licensing.
In order to clarify the position, NERSA commenced a
process whereby the Small Scale Embedded Generation
(“SSEG”) Rules would have been issued. This process was
commenced early in 2015 and would have been issued by
Q3 2015. By November 2015 the DOE however took
charge of this process and also considered whether change
to the ERA is required.
Both these processes are intended to get finality regarding
to interpretation and processes to follow.
At present these amendments / clarifications are expected
to be issued by Q4 2016.
• SANS10142-3 is currently being developed and
would soon regulate the DC (Direct Current) aspects of
wiring.
The two regulations currently in place are:
• The NRS097 regulations are applied regarding the
connection of embedded generators. This currently
prescribes the principles of connection and procedures
for shut down of systems.
• SANS10142-1 regulates the electrical wiring of
premises. This applies to the AC (Alternating Current)
aspects of wiring.
All of these principles have safety as a primary and quality
as a secondary aspect in mind, and are not intended to
create unnecessary burdensome procedures.
Whether a system can be connected to a utility:
When an embedded generation system (Solar PV, Diesel, Biogas, Wind etc.) is considered, the first question asked should
be: Which utility provides the connection?
Utilities in South Africa are generally Eskom and Municipal Networks, both of whom have their own rules, principles, by-laws
and/or guidelines (or lack thereof) on how these system need to connect.
2. • Eskom does not allow any synchronization of embedded
generation to its network unless an application process is followed
and Eskom approved the connection.
• Eskom allows connection both to its MV and LV networks
subject to certain conditions applicable to each.
• On the MV network:
Eskom has an intricate process with a duration of
approximately 9 months for approval. Reverse flow of power
and “banking” of power is allowed subject to certain conditions.
• On the LV network:
Eskom has recently released a less onerous process which
allow connection to the LV network but in this instance no
reverse flow or “banking” of power is allowed. In this instance
the client has to consume all the active power from the solar
(embedded) system as it is generated. In-depth knowledge of
the consumption profile on the site is required for this system to
be optimally designed.
• Both these processes are administered by the Eskom Grid-Access
Unit which has representatives in each province.
• Eskom does have a process whereby clients may convert
from an LV to an MV connection in order to access the “banking”
benefit. This conversion is however so costly that it often adds too
much to the costs of the system to remain financially viable and has
to be considered for each site.
• An easy way to determine whether a certain site is on LV or MV is
where the meter resides. If the meter is a 380 – 400V meter, the
connection is an LV one (generally smaller connections between
15KVA – 1MVA). If the meter is a 11KV or 22KV meter, it will be an
MV connection (generally larger connections >350KVA). As is
evident, an overlap exists in the size of the LV and MV connections,
therefore each site has to be considered on its own merits.
Municipalities
• Each municipality has its own rules,
by-laws and processes to follow.
• Generally the large Metropolitan
municipalities have processes in
place whereby embedded generation
can be connected.
• In most instances municipalities
consider, witness and inspect these
installations before allowing it to
be “hot commissioned”.
• Most municipalities do not accept
excess generation back onto their
networks.
• Some municipalities do accept
excess generation, with or without
compensation to the client.
Principles of Design:
Prospective clients should start by asking their service provider about the legality of connecting to the utility. If the service
provider appears allusive in any respect, caution should be exercised. Many clients have paid excessive school fees for
systems that were not compliant which resulted in the client being completely disconnected from their electrical supply.
When a service provider blindly refers to “turning the meter backwards” without explaining that a specialised four-quadrant
meter would be installed, additional caution should be exercised. Municipalities only accept reverse flow when done through
a properly approved bi-directional meter. The older mechanical-type meters could be spun in reverse, however they are not
calibrated for reverse flow which results in inaccurate readings and are in any event not an approved method.
In each instance the service provider should provide a detail design whereby the risk of excess generation and the possible
curtailment thereof during off-peak periods are mitigated.
Clients should ask prospective service providers as many questions
as possible. When answers to questions of a regulatory nature are
avoided or when regulatory aspects are made out as non-issues,
caution should be exercised. You are most welcome to address any
questions of this nature to us.
www.solareff.co.za | info@solareff.co.za | +27 (0)11 675 1114
• Various municipalities allow the connection
of embedded generation on an LV level.
Many other municipalities do not as yet allow
any connections of this nature and should a
client connect such a system in disregard to
the municipality’s principles, that client risks
being completely disconnected from their
electrical supply.
• In instances where municipalities allow
connections: