This document provides an overview of a World Literature II course covering major authors and texts from the Renaissance to the present. It outlines the course objectives, lists authors and texts to be covered, and provides historical context on the periods in which the authors wrote, including the Renaissance, Reformation, Enlightenment, and more recent eras. Key topics discussed include humanism, the human condition, the influence of the Church, intellectual movements like the Reformation, and changing economic and social systems over time.
Many argue that the ideas characterizing the Renaissance had their origin in late 13th-century Florence, in particular with the writings of Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) and Petrarch (1304–1374), as well as the paintings of Giotto di Bondone (1267–1337).The renaissance was a time of renewal.
Features of renaissance:
Humanism
Humanism and Libraries
Art
Religion
Science
Causes of Renaissance:
A Hunger for Discovery
Reintroduction of Classical Works
The Printing Press
Humanism Emerges
Art and Politics
Death and Life
War and Peace
Decline of Feudalism
Crusades
Emergence of new Cities
Results of Renaissance:
Literature
Art
Architecture
Sculpture
Fine Arts
Painting
Improvement in the condition of Women
Manners and Etiquette
Decline in Morality
Development of Trade and Commerce
Colonialism
Encouragement to Virtue Less Politics
Conclusion: In the last saying about Renaissance that it mean rebirth or renewal.
Many argue that the ideas characterizing the Renaissance had their origin in late 13th-century Florence, in particular with the writings of Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) and Petrarch (1304–1374), as well as the paintings of Giotto di Bondone (1267–1337).The renaissance was a time of renewal.
Features of renaissance:
Humanism
Humanism and Libraries
Art
Religion
Science
Causes of Renaissance:
A Hunger for Discovery
Reintroduction of Classical Works
The Printing Press
Humanism Emerges
Art and Politics
Death and Life
War and Peace
Decline of Feudalism
Crusades
Emergence of new Cities
Results of Renaissance:
Literature
Art
Architecture
Sculpture
Fine Arts
Painting
Improvement in the condition of Women
Manners and Etiquette
Decline in Morality
Development of Trade and Commerce
Colonialism
Encouragement to Virtue Less Politics
Conclusion: In the last saying about Renaissance that it mean rebirth or renewal.
“The emergence of spatial perspective for the first time gave consciousness the ability to fully accommodate a three-dimensional of perspectival worldview. This new awareness of perspective is seen clearly in the paintings of the Renaissance, but also appears in its literature, philosophy, and mathematics.” (Allan Combs. The Radiance of Being. 1996.)
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Sept. 21, 2018. Class #4. Review of Daily Write #2 (on "The Red Convertible"); second essay assignment; Key facts to know about authors of any text we read; "The Story of an Hour" (Kate Chopin); "Hills Like White Elephants" (Ernest Hemingway)
The Chakra System in our body - A Portal to Interdimensional Consciousness.pptxBharat Technology
each chakra is studied in greater detail, several steps have been included to
strengthen your personal intention to open each chakra more fully. These are designed
to draw forth the highest benefit for your spiritual growth.
The Good News, newsletter for June 2024 is hereNoHo FUMC
Our monthly newsletter is available to read online. We hope you will join us each Sunday in person for our worship service. Make sure to subscribe and follow us on YouTube and social media.
In Jude 17-23 Jude shifts from piling up examples of false teachers from the Old Testament to a series of practical exhortations that flow from apostolic instruction. He preserves for us what may well have been part of the apostolic catechism for the first generation of Christ-followers. In these instructions Jude exhorts the believer to deal with 3 different groups of people: scoffers who are "devoid of the Spirit", believers who have come under the influence of scoffers and believers who are so entrenched in false teaching that they need rescue and pose some real spiritual risk for the rescuer. In all of this Jude emphasizes Jesus' call to rescue straying sheep, leaving the 99 safely behind and pursuing the 1.
The PBHP DYC ~ Reflections on The Dhamma (English).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma Reflections for the PBHP DYC for the years 1993 – 2012. To motivate and inspire DYC members to keep on practicing the Dhamma and to do the meritorious deed of Dhammaduta work.
The texts are in English.
For the Video with audio narration, comments and texts in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zF2g_43NEa0
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A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma teaching of Kamma-Vipaka (Intentional Actions-Ripening Effects).
A Presentation for developing morality, concentration and wisdom and to spur us to practice the Dhamma diligently.
The texts are in English and Chinese.
What Should be the Christian View of Anime?Joe Muraguri
We will learn what Anime is and see what a Christian should consider before watching anime movies? We will also learn a little bit of Shintoism religion and hentai (the craze of internet pornography today).
Discover various methods for clearing negative entities from your space and spirit, including energy clearing techniques, spiritual rituals, and professional assistance. Gain practical knowledge on how to implement these techniques to restore peace and harmony. For more information visit here: https://www.reikihealingdistance.com/negative-entity-removal/
2 Peter 3: Because some scriptures are hard to understand and some will force them to say things God never intended, Peter warns us to take care.
https://youtu.be/nV4kGHFsEHw
Exploring the Mindfulness Understanding Its Benefits.pptxMartaLoveguard
Slide 1: Title: Exploring the Mindfulness: Understanding Its Benefits
Slide 2: Introduction to Mindfulness
Mindfulness, defined as the conscious, non-judgmental observation of the present moment, has deep roots in Buddhist meditation practice but has gained significant popularity in the Western world in recent years. In today's society, filled with distractions and constant stimuli, mindfulness offers a valuable tool for regaining inner peace and reconnecting with our true selves. By cultivating mindfulness, we can develop a heightened awareness of our thoughts, feelings, and surroundings, leading to a greater sense of clarity and presence in our daily lives.
Slide 3: Benefits of Mindfulness for Mental Well-being
Practicing mindfulness can help reduce stress and anxiety levels, improving overall quality of life.
Mindfulness increases awareness of our emotions and teaches us to manage them better, leading to improved mood.
Regular mindfulness practice can improve our ability to concentrate and focus our attention on the present moment.
Slide 4: Benefits of Mindfulness for Physical Health
Research has shown that practicing mindfulness can contribute to lowering blood pressure, which is beneficial for heart health.
Regular meditation and mindfulness practice can strengthen the immune system, aiding the body in fighting infections.
Mindfulness may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity by reducing stress and improving overall lifestyle habits.
Slide 5: Impact of Mindfulness on Relationships
Mindfulness can help us better understand others and improve communication, leading to healthier relationships.
By focusing on the present moment and being fully attentive, mindfulness helps build stronger and more authentic connections with others.
Mindfulness teaches us how to be present for others in difficult times, leading to increased compassion and understanding.
Slide 6: Mindfulness Techniques and Practices
Focusing on the breath and mindful breathing can be a simple way to enter a state of mindfulness.
Body scan meditation involves focusing on different parts of the body, paying attention to any sensations and feelings.
Practicing mindful walking and eating involves consciously focusing on each step or bite, with full attention to sensory experiences.
Slide 7: Incorporating Mindfulness into Daily Life
You can practice mindfulness in everyday activities such as washing dishes or taking a walk in the park.
Adding mindfulness practice to daily routines can help increase awareness and presence.
Mindfulness helps us become more aware of our needs and better manage our time, leading to balance and harmony in life.
Slide 8: Summary: Embracing Mindfulness for Full Living
Mindfulness can bring numerous benefits for physical and mental health.
Regular mindfulness practice can help achieve a fuller and more satisfying life.
Mindfulness has the power to change our perspective and way of perceiving the world, leading to deeper se
2. We have not had a presentation
since February 2, when we were
reading Othello.
Let’s catch up on some of the social,
cultural, and historical background of
Europe since the time of Shakespeare.
3. Course Objectives
• By the end of this course, students should be able to
– Identify major authors and texts from the Renaissance to
the present
– Explain how literary texts relate to their social, cultural,
and historical contexts
– Apply factual and conceptual knowledge to the analysis of
literary texts
– Assess how knowledge of European literature is valuable
in your own life
4. Authors and Texts
• Giovanni Boccaccio (Italian, 1313-1375), The Decameron
• François Rabelais (French, 1494-1553), Gargantua and Pantagruel
• William Shakespeare (British, 1564-1616), Othello
• Molière (French, 1622-1673), Tartuffe
• Denis Diderot (French, 1713-1784), Jacques The Fatalist
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (German, 1749-1832),
The Sorrows Of Young Werther
• Fyodor Dostoevsky (Russian, 1821-1881),
Notes From Underground
• Virginia Woolf (British, 1882-1941), Mrs. Dalloway
• Wisława Szymborska (Polish, b. 1923), Miracle Fair
• Tomas Tranströmer (Swedish, b. 1931), Half-finished Heaven
6. Periods of Anglo-European History
• Classical antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE)
• Middle Ages (500–1400) Decameron
• Renaissance (1300–1600) Pantagruel
Tartuffe
• Reformation (1500–1700) Othello
• Jacques
Enlightenment (1700–1800) Werther
• Industrial Revolution (1800–1900)
• Modernity (1900–?)
• Postmodernity (?)
7. Tartuffe: Identification
• Author = Molière
– Stage name of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin
– Nationality: French
– Dates: (1622–1673)
• Title = Tartuffe
• Genre = Play, drama, comedy
8. Jacques: Identification
• Author = Denis Diderot
– Nationality: French
– Dates: (1713–1784)
• Title = Jacques the Fatalist and His Master
• Genre = Novel
9. Werther: Identification
• Author = Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
– Nationality: German
– Dates: (1749–1832)
• Title = The Sorrows of Young Werther
• Genre = Novel
10. The Renaissance begins in
Florence, Italy…
• …with the work of three major writers
– Dante (1265–1321)
– Petrarch (1304–1374)
– Boccaccio (1313–1375)
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11. Rebirth of Classical Humanism
• Knowledge of Latin continued in Europe
after the fall of the Roman Empire
• European scholars, however, focused on the
study of Greek and Arabic works of science,
philosophy and mathematics (in Latin
translations)
• 14th-century Italian scholars revived the
study of Latin poetry, history, and oratory
13. Humanism
• The study of humanity, the human condition,
human history, and human values
• While humanism is not irreligious or anti-
religious, its central focus is the human rather
than the divine
14. Humanism
• The study of humanity, the human condition,
human history, and human values
• While humanism is not irreligious or anti-
religious, its central focus is the human rather
than the divine
What does the term “human
condition” mean?
15. The Human Condition
• Originally after the French phrase “condition
humaine” (= human condition)
• “Let us learn, by the great miseries and
afflictions that God hath sent us, the great
fragility and misery of our human condition”
Pierre Boaistuau (c. 1517–1566)
French humanist
16. The Human Condition
• The state or condition of being human, especially
regarded as being inherently problematic or flawed
• The condition of human beings collectively
– Oxford English Dictionary
How would you relate Decameron, Pantagruel, Othello,
Tartuffe, Jacques, or Werther to the idea of the human
condition?
17. The Human Condition
• The positive and negative aspects of existence as a
human being, especially the inevitable events such as
birth, childhood, adolescence, love, sex,
reproduction, aging, and death
– Dictionary.com
How would you relate Decameron, Pantagruel, Othello,
Tartuffe, Jacques, or Werther to the idea of the human
condition?
18. The Human Condition
• The unique and inescapable features of being human in a
social, cultural, and personal context
• It includes concerns such as a search for purpose, sense of
curiosity, the inevitability of isolation, or the fear of death
– Wikipedia
How would you relate Decameron, Pantagruel, Othello,
Tartuffe, Jacques, or Werther to the idea of the human
condition?
19. Rediscovery of Ancient Greek
• While ancient Greek was studied in the
Byzantine Empire, study of ancient Greek
was very limited in Western Europe
• In 1396, Coluccio Salutati, the chancellor of
the University of Florence, hired Byzantine
scholar Manuel Chrysoloras to teach Greek
• Italian scholars became reacquainted with
ancient Greek poetry, drama, history, oratory,
and philosophy
20. The Literary Renaissance
Spreads Beyond Italy
• Spain: Miguel de Cervantes (1548–1616) wrote Don
Quixote
• France: François Rabelais (c. 1494–1553), Pierre de
Ronsard (1524–1585), Joachim du Bellay (c. 1522–
1560), and Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592)
• England: William Shakespeare (1564–1616),
Christopher Marlowe (1564–1593), Edmund
Spenser (c. 1552–1599), Sir Thomas More (1478–
1535), Francis Bacon (1561–1626), Sir Philip Sidney
(1554–1586), and John Milton (1608–1674)
21. The Church Was a Major Force
in European…
• Politics How do we see the
• Government influence of the Church
• Criminal and civil law as a topic or theme in
Decameron, Pantagruel,
• Education Othello, Tartuffe, Jacques, or
• Inheritance Werther?
• Marriage
• Health, hospitals
• Assistance to the poor
22. Carnival:
The Church’s Playful Side
• Twelfth Night (January 5)
– Lord of Misrule
– World turned upside down
• Mardi Gras
– From Epiphany (Jan 6) to Ash Wednesday (46 days
before Easter, early as 2/4, late as 3/10)
– Masks, costumes, overturning social conventions,
dancing, sports competitions, parades
• Shrovetide or Shrove Tuesday
– Masques and plays
– Games and sport
– Final celebrations before Lent
23. Carnival Laugher Is More Than Just
Sexual & Scatological Humor
• Twelfth Night (January 5)
– Lord of Misrule
– World turned upside down
• Mardi Gras
– From Epiphany (Jan 6) to Ash Wednesday (46 days
before Easter, early as 2/4, late as 3/10)
– Masks, costumes, overturning social conventions,
conventions
dancing, sports competitions, parades
• Shrovetide or Shrove Tuesday
– Masques and plays
– Games and sport
– Final celebrations before Lent
24. Carnival & Carnival Laugher
• Twelfth Night (January 5) How do we see Carnival as
– Lord of Misrule a topic or theme in
– World turned upside down Decameron, Pantagruel, Othello,
• Mardi Gras Tartuffe, Jacques, or Werther?
– From Epiphany (Jan 6) to Ash Wednesday (46 days
before Easter, early as 2/4, late as 3/10)
– Masks, costumes, overturning social conventions,
conventions
dancing, sports competitions, parades
• Shrovetide or Shrove Tuesday
– Masques and plays
– Games and sport
– Final celebrations before Lent
25. Erosion of Church Authority
• The Church struggled to offer meaningful support to its
members during the Black Death (1348-1350)
• The Church lost respect, influence, and authority
• Some traditional social roles of the Church were taken over
by secular groups
• Peasant uprisings occurred in parts of Europe
– Northern France, 1358 (Jacquerie Rebellion)
– Florence, Italy, 1378 (Ciompi Rebellion)
– England, 1381 (Peasant’s Revolt)
How do we see the erosion of Church authority as a
topic or theme in Decameron, Pantagruel, Othello, Tartuffe,
Jacques, or Werther?
26. The Western (Papal) Schism
• Split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417
• The cardinals elected a new pope in 1378, but then had
“buyer’s remorse” and elected another pope
• Both men claimed the right to hold the office
• Conflict was more political than theological in nature
• Ended by the Council of Constance (1414–1418), who fired
the successors of both popes and started fresh with Pope
Martin V
• The schism hurt the reputation of the papacy and diminished
the respect and authority of the Church
How do we see the erosion of Church authority as a
topic or theme in Decameron, Pantagruel, Othello, Tartuffe,
Jacques, or Werther?
27. Renaissance & Reformation
• Renaissance Catholic priests such such as Erasmus of
Rotterdam (1466–1536) and Martin Luther (1483–1546)
proposed reform to the Church, often based on classical
humanist principles
• The Ninety-Five Theses, published by Luther in 1517,
condemned the corruption of the papacy and challenged the
authority of the Pope, leading to the Protestant Reformation
• Northern Europe, with the exception of Ireland and parts of
Britain, turned Protestant, while Southern Europe remained
Roman Catholic
How do we see the Reformation as a topic or theme in
Decameron, Pantagruel, Othello, Tartuffe, Jacques, or Werther?
28. A World of Rapid and Radical Change
• Black Death (1348-1350) How do we see
• Boccaccio’s Decameron (1353)
•
social, cultural,
Coluccio Salutati comes to Florence (1396)
• Western Schism (1378)
political, or
• Council of Constance (1417) historical change as
• Thomas More’s Utopia (1516) a topic or theme in
• Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses (1517) Decameron,
• Erasmus & Christian Humanism (1466–1536) Pantagruel, Othello,
• Tartuffe, Jacques, or
Rabelais’s Gargantua and Pantagruel (1532-1564)
• Shakespeare’s Othello (1603) Werther?
• Cervantes’s Don Quixote (1615)
• Molière’s Tartuffe (1664)
• Diderot’s Jacques the Fatalist and His Master (1765-1780/1796)
• Goethe’s The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774)
29. Changing Economic Systems
• Feudalism (9th – 15th centuries)
– Lords own the land
– Vassals manage the land
– Serfs work the land
• Mercantilism (16th – 18th centuries)
– Government regulation of the economy to support a
favorable balance of trade
• Industrialism (18th – 20th centuries)
– Manufacturing became mechanized (steam engine)
– Private enterprise replaced government control
– Labor moved from the land to the factories
30. Changing Economic Systems
• Feudalism (9th – 15th centuries) Where do the the texts we
– Lords own the land
– Vassals manage the land
have read fit into the changing
– Serfs work the land economic landscape?
• Mercantilism (16th – 18th Decameron
centuries)
– Government regulation of the Pantagruel
economy to support a favorable Othello
balance of trade
• Industrialism (18th – 20th Tartuffe
centuries) Jacques
– Manufacturing became
mechanized (steam engine) Werther
– Private enterprise replaced
government control
– Labor moved from the land to
the factories
31. Changing Intellectual Systems
• Renaissance (14th – 16th centuries)
– Humanism (Classical, Christian)
• Age of Reason (17th century)
– Rationalism: Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz
– Empiricism: Hobbes, Locke
– Isaac Newton (gravity, laws of motion)
• Age of Enlightenment (18th century)
– Voltaire (1694–1778)
– Rousseau (1712–1778)
– Diderot (1713–1784)
– Montesquieu (1689–1755)
– Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) (reason + experience)
32. Changing Intellectual Systems
• Renaissance (14th – 16th centuries)
– Humanism (Classical, Christian)
• Age of Reason (17th century) Decameron
– Rationalism: Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz Pantagruel
– Empiricism: Hobbes, Locke
Othello
– Isaac Newton (gravity, laws of motion)
• Age of Enlightenment (18th century) Tartuffe
– Voltaire (1694–1778) Jacques
– Rousseau (1712–1778) Werther
– Diderot (1713–1784)
– Montesquieu (1689–1755)
– Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) (reason + experience)
33. German Literary Movements in
the 18th Century
• Sturm und Drang (Storm and Stress)
– Free expression of individual subjectivity and extremes of
emotion (1760s–1780s)
• Weimar Classicism (1772–1805)
– Sought to balance formal and sentimental tendencies in
18th-century literature
• German Romanticism (1795–1830)
– Emphasized intuition, imagination, and feeling
– Valued nature as a place free from societal judgment and
restrictions
34. German Literary Movements in
the 18th Century
• Sturm und Drang (Storm and Stress)
– Free expression of individual subjectivity and extremes of
emotion (1760s–1780s)
• Weimar Classicism (1772–1805)
– Sought to balance formal and sentimental tendencies in
18th-century literature
• German Romanticism (1795–1830)
– Emphasized intuition, imagination, and feeling
– Valued nature as a place free from societal judgment and
restrictions
Goethe was an important figure in each of these
movements. Can we see this in Werther?
35. Upcoming Assignments
• 3/13 Goethe, Werther, pp. 1-50
• 3/15 Goethe, Werther, pp. 51-100
• 3/20 Goethe, Werther, pp. 101-149
• 3/22 Dostoyevsky, Underground, pp. 3-41
• 3/27 Dostoyevsky, Underground, pp. 42-82
• 3/29 Dostoyevsky, Underground, pp. 82-130