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RARE PLANTS
Panax quinquefolius
Hydrastis canadensis
Sebatia angularis
IMPORTANCE OF
NATIVES
ARUM FAMILY
Araceae
Arisaema triphyllum
Symplocarpus foetidus
Araceae
Arum Family
Arisaema triphyllum
Jack-in-the-pulpit
MaleFemale
Symplocarpus foetidus
Skunk-cabbage
GINSENG FAMILY
Araliaceae
Aralia nudicaulis
Panax quinquefolius
Panax trifolius
Araliaceae
Ginseng Family
Panax quinquefolius
Ginseng
one-prong two-prong
three-prong four-prong
cultivated
woods grown
wild
Vulnerable plant species = “in danger of
population decline within this
Commonwealth because of their beauty,
economic value, use as a cultivar or
other factors which indicate that persons
may seek to remove these species from
their native habitats.”
PA Vulnerable Plant
HEATH FAMILY
Ericaceae
Kalmia angustifolia
Rhododendron maximum
Kalmia latifolia
Vaccinium corybosum
Rhododendron periclymenoides
Ericaceae
Heath Family
Gaultheria procumbens
Teaberry
Epigaea repens
Trailing Arbutus
Chimphila maculata
Spotted Wintergreen
Monotropa uniflora
Indian-pipe
Monotropa uniflora
Indian-pipe
Myco-heterotroph
Obtains its food via a fungus rather than photosynthesis
Monotropa hypoitys
Pinesap
ONION FAMILY - ALLIUM
Alliaceae
Allium tricoccum
Allium canadense
Allium ampeloprasum
Alliaceae
Onion Family
Allium tricoccum
Ramps, Wild Leek
The name “Chicago” comes from the Native American word for shikaakwa, or
“striped skunk”, a word they also used for wild leeks.
French explorer Robert de la Salle is credited with the french version “Checagou”
Recognizes the heavy presence of wild leeks along the watershed.
ORCHID FAMILY
Orchidaceae
Goodyera pubescens Spiranthes cernua
Galearis spectabilis
Cypripedium acaule
Orchidaceae
Orchid Family
Require specific
Rhizoctonia fungus
to germinate
Seeds contain no
food supply
Symbiotic relationship
Photo credits: Eric Burkhart
Cypripedium acaule
Pink Lady’s Slipper
Cypripedium parviflorum
Yellow Lady’s Slipper
Photo credits: Eric Burkhart
Goodyera pubescens
Rattlesnake Plantain
POPPY FAMILY
Papaveraceae
Sanguinaria canadensis
Corydalis sempervirens
Dicentra cucullaria
Dicentra eximia
Papaveraceae
Poppy Family
Sanguinaria canadensis
Bloodroot
Sanguinaria canadensis
Bloodroot
Eliasome
Betalin
ON THE RISE
~3000 plant species in PA
At turn of 21st century,
about 1,300 non-native
plants were identified in
PA
37% increase
More introduced plants
every year
METHODS OF
INTRODUCTION
Ornamental
METHODS OF
INTRODUCTION
Packaging Material
Transportation/World Economy
Good idea at the time…
IMPACTS OF INVASIVES
Berberis thunbergii
Japanese Barberry
Eleagnus angustifolia & E. umbellata
Russian and Autumn-Olive
Rhamnus cathartica
Common Buckthorn
Photo credit: Minnesota DOA
Photo credit: Minnesota DOA
Fallopia japonica & F. sachalinensis
Japanese Knotweed
Photo credit: michigan.govPhoto credit: Japanese Knotweed Solutions
Alliaria petiolata
Garlic Mustard
CONCLUSION
Species diversity = healthier above
and below ground ecosystems
Greater wildlife habitat
More desirable regeneration
Invasive plants displace native plants
Better nutrient cycling &
water quality
Woodland Wildflowers of Pennsylvania & Invasives

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Woodland Wildflowers of Pennsylvania & Invasives