This document discusses a seminar report on wireless technology submitted by Gaurav Kumar in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. The report provides an introduction to wireless technology, describing its history and advantages such as mobility and lower installation costs compared to wired networks. Examples of common wireless technologies are discussed, including cellular phones, GPS, WiFi, and Bluetooth.

1. SEMINAR TOPIC O
Wireless
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
THE UNIVERSITY OF BURDWAN
GOLAPBAG (NORTH), BURDWAN
SEMINAR TOPIC ON
Wireless Technology
DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
THE UNIVERSITY OF BURDWAN
GOLAPBAG (NORTH), BURDWAN
WEST BENGAL- 713104
ENGINEERING

2. A SEMINAR REPORT ON
Wireless
Submitted in partial fulfilment
B.E. in Electronics and Communication
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
BURDWAN UNIVERSITY
GOLAPBAG, BURDWAN
A SEMINAR REPORT ON
Wireless Technology
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of
B.E. in Electronics and Communication Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
NIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
BURDWAN UNIVERSITY
GOLAPBAG, BURDWAN
WEST BENGAL- 713104
SUBMITTED BY:
GAURAV KUMAR
ROLL: 20162024
ECE 8TH
SEM
Paper Code : ECE 892
REG NO : A5033 OF 2016
of the requirement for the award of the degree of
ENGINEERING
KUMAR
ECE 892
REG NO : A5033 OF 2016-17

3. Abstract
Wireless technology provides us many benefits like portability
and flexibility, increased productivity, and lower installation
costs. Wi-Fi networks can be accessed with laptops, mobile
phones, cameras, game consoles, and an increasing number of
other
consumer electronic devices. Wireless technologies have
become increasingly popular everyday in business as well as in
personal
lives. Wireless Networking changed completely the way people
communicate and share information by eliminating the
boundaries of
distance and location. In this paper we are discussing about the
wireless network challenges and IEEE 802.11 Standards and
WEP
protocol. in this paper we discussed wireless network
ieee802.11standard based in security, three types of security
protocols and security threats to wireless networks was
discussed.

4. Table of contents
 Introduction
 Why Wireless technology
 Common Example
 History
 Wired Vs Wireless
 Advantage
 Disadvantage
 Application
 Conclusion

5. Introduction
Wireless technology uses radio waves to transmit
information without cables or wiring.
Wireless technology provides the ability to communicate
between two or more entities over distances without the
use of wires or cables of any sort. This includes
communications using radio frequency (RF) as well as
infrared (IR) waves .
Although wireless communications have been used since
1876, the technology is now being widely used to create
wireless computer networks.
Another major thrust of wireless technology has been in
the area of broadcast communications like radio,
television, and direct broadcast satellite. A single wireless
transmitter can send signals to several hundreds of
thousands of receivers as long as they all receive the
same information.
There are many standards for wireless communications,
including Bluetooth, DECT and WiMax.

6. WiFi or 802.11 is a set of standards designed for wireless
ethernet LANs (local area networks) and is the protocol
used by all of our miniPCI wireless cards.
Why Wireless technology
Wireless technology involves transmitting
electromagnetic signals over the air so it is easy to
communicate .Wireless technology allows users to
communicate simultaneously over the same medium
without their signals interfering with one another.
This is made possible because of two physical
phenomena—the weakening of electromagnetic signals
with distance, and the electromagnetic spectrum .
There are two main advantages of using wireless
technology for computer networks:
1.mobility, and
2.cost-savings

7. Mobility
Using a wireless network means that you can move
about freely, within your home, business or even your
city, and still maintain a connection to other computers
on the same network.
Cost savings
Installing cabling can be expensive, especially over long
distances, in difficult terrain, or in established buildings,
so it can save you a considerable amount to use a
wireless network instead, provided the environment is
suitable.
For WANs (wide area networks), using wireless
technology also means you don’t have to pay for access
to existing telecommunications infrastructure.
Common Example
1.Cellular Phone
Cellular telephone, sometimes called mobile

8. telephone, is a type of short-wave analog or digital
telecommunication in which a subscriber has a wireless
connection from a mobile phone to a relatively nearby
transmitter. The transmitter's span of coverage is called a
cell. As the cellular telephone user moves from one cell
or area of coverage to another, the telephone is
effectively passed on to the local cell transmitter.
2.GPS
The GlobalPositioning System (GPS) is a
worldwide radio-Navigation system formed from a
constellation of 24 satellites and their ground
stations.GPS uses these"man-made stars" as reference
points to calculate positions accurate.These days GPS is
finding its way into cars, boats,planes, construction
equipment, movie making gear, farm machinery, even
laptop computers .
3.WiFi
Suppose that a businessman is attending
conference. He has his laptop with him and at the same
time he want some information from Internet too quickly

9. &easily without worrying about finding a wired
connection. Then what will be the solution ? For this the
solution is Wi-Fi that is you can connect your PCs with
the net wirelessly. Wi-Fi is the acronym for wireless
fidelity.It is new advancement in WLAN (Wireless Local
Area Networks) technology. It is discovered in 2002 .
4.Bluetooth
Bluetooth is the technology often used for wireless
keyboards and mice, wireless printing, and wireless cell
phone headsets. In order to use a device such as a
Bluetooth keyboard or mouse, your computer must be
Bluetooth-enabled or have a Bluetooth adapter installed.
6.Wireless Charger
Wireless charging is the process of electrically
charging battery-powered devices and equipment
without the need for a wired electrical power
connection. It enables the wireless transfer of electrical
charge from a charging device or node to the recipient
device.

10. History
The birth of wireless technology started with
the discovery of electromagnetic waves by Heinrich Hertz
(1857–1894). Guglielmo Marconi (1874–1937)
established the very first commercial RF
communications, the wireless telegraph, in the late
1890s—more than fifty years after the first commercial
wired telegraph service that was demonstrated in 1832
by Samuel F. B. Morse (1791–1872). Marconi was also
the first to transmit radio signals to a mobile receiver on
ships in the early 1900s. Wireless technology has always
been preceded by wired technology and is usually more
expensive, but it has provided the additional advantage
of mobility, allowing the user to receive and transmit
information while on the move.
Wired Vs Wireless
Wired Network
As we know "wired" is the term refers to any physical
medium consisting of cables. The cables can be copper

11. wire, twisted pair or fiber optic. Wired network is used to
carry different forms of electrical signals from one end to
the other. Mostly in wired network one internet
connection is being taken using T1 line, cable modem or
using any other means. This connection is shared among
multiple devices using wired network concept.
EXAMPLEs of wired network: LAN (Local Area Network):
This network consists of ethernet cards housed in PCs or
laptops. These cards are connected using ethernet
cables. The data flows between these cards. For small
wired network router is used to connect few number of
desktop or laptop computers. In order to increase the
network coverage for more number of systems multiple
switches and routers are used.
Wireless Network
As we know "Wireless" is the term refers to medium
made of electromagnetic waves (i.e. EM Waves) or
infrared waves. All the wireless devices will have antenna
or sensors. Typical wireless devices include cellular

12. mobile, wireless sensors, TV remote, satellite disc
receiver, laptops with WLAN card etc. Wireless network
does not use wires for data or voice communication; it
uses radio frequency waves as mentioned above. The
other examples are fiber optic communication link and
broadband ADSL etc.
EXAMPLES of wireless network:
1. Outdoor cellular technologies such as GSM, CDMA,
WiMAX, LTE, Satellite etc.
2. Indoor wireless technologies such as Wireless LAN(or
WiFi), Bluetooth, IrDA, Zigbee, Zwave etc.
Advantage
Wireless technologies have many advantages over wires
technologies, some of them are mentioned below:
1.Increased Mobility: Wireless networks allow mobile

13. users to access real-time information so they can roam
around your company’s space without getting
disconnected from the network. This increases teamwork
and productivity company-wide that is not possible with
traditional networks.
2.Installation Speed and Simplicity: Installing a
wireless network system reduces cables, which are
cumbersome to setup and can impose a safety risk,
should employees trip on them. It can also be installed
quickly and easily, when compared to a traditional
network.
3.Wider Reach of the Network: The wireless network
can be extended to places in your organization that are
not accessible for wires and cables.
4.More Flexibility: Should your network change in the
future, you can easily update the wireless network to
meet new configurations.
5.Reduced Cost of Ownership over Time: Wireless
networking may carry a slightly higher initial investment,
but the overall expenses over time are lower. It also may
have a longer lifecycle than a traditionally connected

14. network.
6.Increased Scalability: Wireless systems can be
specifically configuredto meet the needs of specific
applications. These can be easily changed and scaled
depending on your organization’s needs.
Disadvantage
Wireless networks allow multiple users to access large
amounts of information without the hassle of running
wires to and from each computer. This can be extremely
helpful if there are a number of users that need to move
around and/or access the network. However, wireless
networks are far from perfect and there are a number of
disadvantages that an individual or organization may face
when using a wireless network.
Cost
Wireless networks are typically inexpensive, but it can
cost up to four times more to set up a wireless network
than to set up a wired network in some cases.

15. Coverage
The range of a wireless network is limited and a typical
wireless router will only allow individuals within 150 to
300 feet to access the network.
Dependability
Wireless networks are extremely susceptible to
interference so radio signals, radiation and any other
similar type of interference may cause a wireless
network to malfunction.
Security
Wireless networks can be accessed by any computer
within range of the network's signal so information
transmitted through the network (including encrypted
information) may be intercepted by unauthorized users.
Speed
Wireless networks are typically slower than wired
networks, sometimes even up to 10 times slower.

16. Application
Applications of wireless communication involve security
systems, television remote control, Wi-Fi, Cell phones,
wireless power transfer, computer interface devices and
various wireless communication based projects.
5G Cellular
5G cellular systems are starting to be deployed in 2019
and 2020. The complete rollout will take five to eight
years. In some cases, the technology may supplement
Wi-Fi, as it is more cost-effective for high-speed data
networking in large sites, such as ports, airports and
factories. “5G is still immature, and initially, most
network operators will focus on selling high-speed
broadband. However, the 5G standard is evolving and
future iterations will improve 5G in areas such as the
Internet of Things (IoT) and low-latency applications,”
Mr. Jones added.

17. Long-Range Wireless Power
First-generation wireless power systems have not
delivered the revolutionary user experience that
manufacturers had hoped for. In terms of the user
experience, the need to place devices on a specific
charger point is only slightly better than charging via
cable. However, several new technologies can charge
devices at ranges of up to one meter or over a table or
desk surface.
Enhanced Wireless Location Tracking
A key trend in the wireless domain is for wireless
communication systems to sense the locations of devices
connected to them. High-precision tracking to around
one-meter accuracy will be enabled by the forthcoming
IEEE 802.11az standard and is intended to be a feature of
future 5G standards.

18. Wireless Sensing
The absorption and reflection of wireless signals can be
used for sensing purposes. Wireless sensing technology
can be used, for example, as an indoor radar system for
robots and drones. Virtual assistants can also use radar
tracking to improve their performance when multiple
people are speaking in the same room.
Conclusion
In conclusion, wireless communications globally is
something that people can expect as technology
advances. Wireless communications has a lot of benefits
and can make the world a lot more efficient. It does have
concerns though as with every other new advancement
that is made in today’s world. The issues with security
regarding access to a person’s personal information or
the negative impact that it may seem to have on society

19. are a few things that are holding back the progress that
wireless technology could be making. With more
research and experiments conducted, the problems
associated with wireless communications can be reduced
and make it a more significant part of the world. Wireless
technology will be very important in the near future
where the need for wires connecting individual devices
seems to be coming to an end.
REFRENCES
www.goggle.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.studymafia.org