Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) refer to spatially distributed sensors that wirelessly transmit data about the environment such as temperature, sound, and pollution levels. A WSN consists of sensor nodes that contain sensors, processors, memory, transceivers, and power supplies. Sensor nodes form a multi-hop ad-hoc network to send data to a central location. WSNs have applications in military surveillance, environmental monitoring, healthcare, home automation, and more. However, designing WSNs poses challenges related to limited node resources, energy efficiency, scalability, and operating in harsh environments.

2. PRESENTATION
SUBMITTED TO:
Dr.Rashmi
SUBMITTED BY:
LALIT SHARMA
MBA 2nd SHIFT
DIV –A 3rd Sem
02521303917

3. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS:
A STUDY

4. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Architecture of WSN
• WSN Node
• Architecture of sensor node
• Characteristics
• Applications
• Operational Challenges
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Future
• Conclusion

5. INTRODUCTION
• Wireless sensor network (WSN) refers to a group of spatially dispersed and
dedicated sensors for monitoring and recording the physical conditions of the
environment and organizing the collected data at a central location.
• WSNs measure environmental conditions like temperature, sound, pollution levels,
humidity, wind, and so on.
• A collection of sensing devices that can communicate wirelessly.

6. • Even though wireless sensors has limited resources in memory, computation power,
bandwidth, and energy.
• With small physical size. It Can be embedded in the physical environment.
• Self-organizing multi-hop ad-doc networks

7. WSN ARCHITECTURE
• Special addressing
requirement
• Local unique Address
• Data-centric
• Data is named by one or
more attributes.

8. WIRELESS SENSOR NODE
• sensor
• A transducer
• converts physical phenomenon e.g. heat, light, motion, vibration, and sound into electrical
signals
• sensor node
• basic unit in sensor network
• contains on-board sensors, processor, memory, transceiver, and power supply
• sensor network
• consists of a large number of sensor nodes
• nodes deployed either inside or very close to the sensed phenomenon

9. ARCHITECTURE OF SENSOR NODE

10. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
APPLICATIONS
Military Applications
• Monitoring friendly forces, equipment, and ammunition
• Battlefield surveillance
• Reconnaissance of opposing forces and terrain
• Targeting
• Battle damage assessment
• Nuclear, biological, and chemical attack detection
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11. Environmental Applications
• Forest fire detection
• Bio-complexity mapping of environment
• Flood detection
• Precision Agriculture
• Air and water pollution
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12. Health Applications
• Telemonitoring of human physiological data
• Tracking and monitoring doctors and patients inside a hospital
• Drug administration in hospitals
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13. Home and Office Applications
• Home and office automation
• Smart environment
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14. Automotive Applications
• Reduces wiring effects
• Measurements in chambers and rotating parts
• Remote technical inspections
• Conditions monitoring e.g. at a bearing
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15. Automotive Applications
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16. Other Commercial Applications
• Environmental control in office buildings (estimated energy savings $55
billion per year!)
• Interactive museums
• Detecting and monitoring car thefts
• Managing inventory control
• Vehicle tracking and detection
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17. CHARACTERISTICS
• Power consumption constraints for nodes using batteries or energy harvesting
• Ability to cope with node failures (resilience)
• Mobility of nodes
• Heterogeneity of nodes
• Scalability to large scale of deployment
• Ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions
• Ease of use
• Cross-layer design

18. FACTORS INFLUENCING WSN DESIGN
• Fault tolerance
• Scalability
• Production costs
• Hardware constraints
• Sensor network topology
• Environment
• Transmission media
• Power Consumption
• Sensing
• Communication
• Data processing
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19. ADVANTAGES
 It avoids a lot of wiring .
 It can accommodate new devices at any time .
It's flexible to go through physical partitions .
 It can be accessed through a centralized monito

20. DISADVANTAGE
 Lower speed compared to wired network.
 Less secure because hacker's laptop can act as Access Point. If you connected to
their laptop, they'll read all your information (username, password.. etc).
More complex to configure than wired network.
Gets distracted by various elements like Blue-tooth .
Still Costly at large.
It does not make sensing quantities in buildings easier.
It does not reduce costs for installation of sensors.
It does not allow us to do more than can be done with a wired system

21. OPERATIONAL CHALLENGES OF WIRELESS
SENSOR NETWORKS
• Energy Efficiency
• Limited storage and computation
• Low bandwidth and high error rates
• Errors are common – Wireless communication – Noisy measurements – Node
failure are expected
• Scalability to a large number of sensor nodes
• Survivability in harsh environments
• Experiments are time- and space-intensive

22. FUTURE OF WSN SMART HOME / SMART
OFFICE
• Sensors controlling appliances and electrical devices in the house.
• Better lighting and heating in office buildings.
• The Pentagon building has used sensors extensively.

23. CONCLUSION
• WSNs possible today due to technological advancement in various
domains
• Envisioned to become an essential part of our lives
• Design Constraints need to be satisfied for realization of sensor networks
• Tremendous research efforts being made in different layers of WSNs
protocol stack
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