Windows 10 introduces new features such as the Start Menu, Cortana digital assistant, Xbox app, improved multitasking capabilities, universal apps, and Continuum which allows switching between desktop and tablet modes. It aims to provide a unified experience across all Microsoft devices and requires at least 1GB of RAM, 16GB of storage, and a DirectX 9 capable graphics card to run. The operating system has evolved over time with a focus on mobility and delivering regular updates as a service.