Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. They consist of rotor blades connected to a drive shaft, gearbox, and generator housed in a nacelle on top of a tower. As wind turns the blades, it spins the shaft which spins the generator through the gearbox to produce electricity. There are two main types: horizontal axis turbines with a horizontal shaft and vertical axis turbines with a vertical shaft. Wind turbines provide clean, renewable energy but require strong, consistent winds and have high installation costs.