Wind Farm Design Project
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1) An engineering firm has planned and designed an offshore wind farm near Cape Cod, Massachusetts to help address energy needs and reduce environmental impacts from fossil fuels. 2) The wind farm will consist of 30 turbines located 1.5 miles offshore and will have an estimated annual output of 867 million kWh, enough to power around 48,000 homes. 3) Key challenges addressed in the design include determining the best turbine model, foundation type, electrical connections, and minimizing environmental impacts to wildlife. Extensive research was done to find the optimal location off Cape Cod.
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Choice of technology and site
Small hydro technology is mature and well-established in the market
Improvements: equipment designs, differents materials, control sistem
Typologies of Hydropower plants
a) Run of River Plants
b) Pondage Plants
c) Reservoir Plants
Typologies of Hydropower plants
a) Run of River Plants
A Run of River plant uses the available river flow
A Run of River plant has a little cumulative water
High cost
Typologies of Hydropower plants
b) Pondage Plants
Cumulative water flows permits storage of water for few weeks
Pondage Plant can works when the level of river is low.
Typology of hydropower plants
c) Reservoir Plants
Energy prodution of a Reservoir Plant is based on cumulative water flows
Construction of a very large dam to cumulate water
Usually this kind of plant is not a SHP
Plan SHP
Control national and regional law
Who using the water and how
Story analisis of river flow
Study hidrogeologic and hidrografic of site
Chek principal parameters (Q) river flow avieble and (H) head for calculate power of site
Pubblicity of project and consalting citizen.
Hydroelectric plants
Start easily and quickly and change power output rapidly
Complement large thermal plants (coal and nuclear), which are most efficient in serving base power loads.
Save millions of barrels of oil
SHP emissions
As all other renewable energy sources, SHP plays an important role in reducing the emissions.
Externality of SHP are very low.
This is very important and positive, expecially for Kyoto protocol.
What to do for goal with SHP
Act cordinated strategy:
Informing
Including the people in the projects
Dialogue with opponents
Implementing social compain
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Renewable energy is generally electricity supplied from sources, such as wind power, solar power,
geothermal energy, hydro power and various forms of biomass. The popularity of renewable energy
has experienced a significant upsurge in recent times due to the exhaustion of conventional power
generation methods and increasing realization of its adverse effects on the environment. Wind energy
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Prepared By.....
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LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TN
Mobile No: 9943244068
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aravindmech@lapc.in
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1115161Wind Power Now, Tomorrow C.P. (Case) .docx
11/15/16
1
Wind Power:
Now, Tomorrow
C.P. (Case) van Dam
EME-1
Mechanical Engineering
November 14, 2016
How does it function?
11/15/16
2
Wind Turbine Power
• The amount of power generated by a turbine depends on the power in
the wind and the efficiency of the turbine:
• Power in wind
• Efficiency or Power Coefficient, Cp:
– Rotor (Conversion of wind power to mechanical power)
– Gearbox (Change in rpm)
– Generator & Inverter (Conversion of mechanical power to electrical power)
Power
Turbine
!
"#
$
%&
=
Efficiency
Factor
!
"#
$
%&
×
Power
Wind
!
"#
$
%&
P
w
= 1
2
ρA
d
V
w
3
Basic Rotor Performance
(Momentum Theory)
Wind speed, Vw
Air density, ρ
Disk area, Ad
Power in wind, Pw = 1/2 ρ Vw3 Ad
Maximum rotor power, P = 16/27 Pw
Rotor efficiency, Cp = P / Pw
Betz limit, max Cp = 16/27 = 59.3%
11/15/16
3
Region 4
• Region 1
Turbine is stopped or
starting up
• Region 2
Efficiency maximized
by maintaining
optimum rotor RPM
(for variable speed
turbine)
• Region 3
Power limited through
blade pitch
• Region 4
Turbine is stopped
due to high winds
(loads)
HAWT Power Characteristics
Johnson et al (2005)
• Peak Cp at TSR = 9
• This Cp is maintained in Region II of power curve by controlling rotor RPM
• In Region III power is controlled by changing blade pitch.
HAWT Cp-TSR Curve
Jackson (2005)
11/15/16
4
• Cp = Protor / (1/2 ρ Vw3 Ad)
• Solidity = Blade Area / Ad
• TSR = Tip Speed / Vw
• High power efficiency for
rotors with low solidity and
high TSR
• Darrieus (VAWT) is less
efficient than HAWT
Efficiency of Various Rotor
Designs
Butterfield (2008)
Cp
Tip Speed Ratio TSR = π D RPM / (60 Vw)
kidwind.org
C.P. van Dam
Dutch Mill
16th century
Water pumping, Grinding materials/grain
W. Gretz, DOE/NREL
Persian grain mill
9th century
American Multi-blade
19th century
Water pumping - irrigation
Brush Mill
1888
First wind turbine
12 kW
17 m rotor diameter
Charles F. Brush Special Collection,
Case Western Reserve University
telos.net/wind
Gedser Mill
1956, Denmark
Forerunner to modern wind
turbines
11/15/16
5
Evolution of U.S. Utility-Scale
Wind Turbine Technology
NREL
Wind Turbine Scale-Up and Impact on Cost
U.S. DOE, Wind Vision, March 2015
• Scale-up has been effective in reducing cost but uncertain if this trend can continue
11/15/16
6
Modern Wind
Turbines
• 1.0-3.0 MW
• Wind speeds: 3-25 m/s
– Rated power at 11-12 m/s
• Rotor
– Lift driven
– 3 blades
– Upwind
– Full blade pitch
– 70–120 m diameter
– 5-20 RPM
– Fiberglass, some carbon fiber
• Active yaw
• Steel tubular tower
• Installed in plants/farms of 100-200 MW
• ~40% capacity factor
– 1.5 MW wind turbine would generate
about 5,250,000 kWh per year
– Average household in California uses
about 6,000 kWh per year
Vestas
V90-3.0
MW
11/15/16
7
Technical Specificat ...
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COST ESTIMATION OF SMALL HYDRO POWER GENERATION
R. Montanari [4] in his paper presents an original method for finding the most economically advantageous choice for the installation of micro hydroelectric plants. More precisely, the paper that follows is to be considered in a context defined as “problematic” by those who have the job of constructing water-flow plants with only small head and modest flow rates. Traditional plant solutions using Kaplan or Francis type turbines must be rejected because of the high levels of initial investments. Much more simple configurations must be analyzed, such as plants with propeller turbines or Michel–Banki turbines, in order to reduce the investment costs. The general methodology applied provides a powerful decision-making instrument which is able to define the best plant configuration. The method is based on the use of economic profitability indicators, such as the Net Present Value (NPV), calculated using the plant project parameters, the nominal flow rate and head, and the particular hydrologic characteristics of the site, such as the type of distribution, the average value and the standard deviation of the flow rates in the course of water supplying the plant
S.M.H. Hosseinia, F. Forouzbakhshb, M. Rahimpoor [6] in their paper a method to calculate the annual energy has presented, as is the program developed using Excel software. This program analyzes and estimates the most important economic indices of a small hydro power plant using the sensitivity analysis method. Another program, developed by Mat lab software, calculates the reliability indices for a number of units of a small hydro power plant with a specified load duration curve using the Monte Carlo method. Ultimately, comparing the technical, economic and reliability indices will determine the optimal installation capacity of a small hydro power plant.
S.K. Singal and R.P.Saini [9] has presented methodology to determine the correlations for the cost of different components of canal based small hydro power schemes. The cost based on the developed correlations, having different head and capacity, has been compared with the available cost data of the existing hydropower stations. It has been found that these correlations can be used reasonably for the estimation of cost of new canal-based SHP schemes.
Design and testing of a vertical axis turbine drivenby automotive drag as an ...
Undergraduate thesis submitted by B.S Mechanical Engineering Students of University of Perpetual Help System Laguna (2016-2017). For reference purpose only.
Lattice Energy LLC - Radiation-free Nuclear Propulsion for Advanced Hypersoni...
Document outlines our speculative concepts about propulsion of hypersonic aircraft by the controlled triggering LENRs on nanoparticles in dusty plasmas
Lattice published document to stimulate interest in further developing this new approach to propulsion
Please note that this technical discussion presumes that further progress will be made on commercially fabricating and triggering μ-scale LENR-active sites on planar substrate surfaces and on non-planar surfaces of purpose-engineered nanoparticles comprised of multiple elements and varied isotopes
Unique properties of so called “dusty plasmas” are key to operation of this exciting application in LENR technology; these plasmas were appreciated only relatively recently, so the bulk of relevant literature about such plasmas is mostly less than 25 years old
Unlike hypersonic Lockheed Martin SR-72 UAV, Lattice would integrate an LENR dusty plasma scramjet engine with an LENR-powered 50+% efficient Brayton combined cycle turbine that generates DC electricity for power
Enormous flexibility in designing and engineering LENR nanoparticle target fuels; can choose among huge selection of different elements and materials
Could utilize optimized combinations of LENR nuclear and very energetic chemical reactions simultaneously inside the very same reaction chamber
Engine thrust control achieved by tightly regulating amounts of DC input current into dusty plasma and LENR target fuel injection rates
Incredibly high energy densities and low weight of LENR nanoparticulate target fuels might allow an LENR dusty plasma scramjet the luxury of carrying multiple fuel types that are optimized for different flight envelopes
Unlike fission or fusion technologies there would not be any radiation or radioactivity problems, even with a bad crash event in populated area
Please note that many key proprietary engineering-related details have been deliberately omitted from this presentation for obvious commercial reasons
Hydrokinetic Electrical Generation Final
Here are the key customer requirements for the project:
- Generate electricity from wave motion in Lake Michigan
- Transfer the generated electricity to an on-shore location
- Power a single home using the electricity generated
- Design a mechanical system to harness wave energy
- Consider cost, safety, efficiency, performance, reliability, and environmental impact
ii) Design Selection
After researching various hydrokinetic concepts, Group 15 selected a point absorber design as the optimal solution. A point absorber uses the vertical motion of a floating buoy connected to a generator via a tether system. Key advantages of this design include its simplicity and ability to effectively capture wave energy over a wide area.
The design selection process involved defining technical requirements
Solar PV-D.G. Hybrid Plant
1) The document proposes a solar PV-diesel generator hybrid system as a solution to issues with sole reliance on diesel generators or solar PV systems.
2) A hybrid system combines solar PV panels, batteries, and an existing diesel generator set controlled by a programmable logic circuit to provide reliable, economic, and uninterrupted power.
3) Analyses using HOMER optimization software show hybrid systems can reduce costs by balancing the high operating expenses of diesel with the high upfront costs of solar, achieving the lowest levelized cost of energy.
Lattice Energy LLC - Connecting the Unconnected and Empowering the Powerless ...
LENRs: connecting the unconnected and empowering the powerless --- delivering rural electrification and the Internet revolution to more than 1.4 billion energy-poor people scattered around the world.
SMALL HYDRO POWER PLANT
Small Hydro power plant. Small Hydro Power (SHP) is hydro plant with power under 10 MW as defined by United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO):
Choice of technology and site
Small hydro technology is mature and well-established in the market
Improvements: equipment designs, differents materials, control sistem
Typologies of Hydropower plants
a) Run of River Plants
b) Pondage Plants
c) Reservoir Plants
Typologies of Hydropower plants
a) Run of River Plants
A Run of River plant uses the available river flow
A Run of River plant has a little cumulative water
High cost
Typologies of Hydropower plants
b) Pondage Plants
Cumulative water flows permits storage of water for few weeks
Pondage Plant can works when the level of river is low.
Typology of hydropower plants
c) Reservoir Plants
Energy prodution of a Reservoir Plant is based on cumulative water flows
Construction of a very large dam to cumulate water
Usually this kind of plant is not a SHP
Plan SHP
Control national and regional law
Who using the water and how
Story analisis of river flow
Study hidrogeologic and hidrografic of site
Chek principal parameters (Q) river flow avieble and (H) head for calculate power of site
Pubblicity of project and consalting citizen.
Hydroelectric plants
Start easily and quickly and change power output rapidly
Complement large thermal plants (coal and nuclear), which are most efficient in serving base power loads.
Save millions of barrels of oil
SHP emissions
As all other renewable energy sources, SHP plays an important role in reducing the emissions.
Externality of SHP are very low.
This is very important and positive, expecially for Kyoto protocol.
What to do for goal with SHP
Act cordinated strategy:
Informing
Including the people in the projects
Dialogue with opponents
Implementing social compain
Wind energy its potential in india
Wind energy has great potential in India given its abundant wind resources and growing energy needs. India has set ambitious targets to add at least 2000 MW of wind energy annually and reach 20% renewable energy production by 2020. This will require continued technology advancements to develop larger, more efficient wind turbines suitable for low wind speed sites, as well as improvements to grid infrastructure and integration capabilities. Wind energy offers benefits as a clean, domestic source that can help meet energy demand in a sustainable manner if these challenges are adequately addressed.
Hydropower ppt Teklemariam Negash
1) Africa has significant untapped hydropower potential, with only 10% of its estimated 280GW capacity currently developed. Ethiopia in particular has 45,000MW potential from its water resources.
2) The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is a major hydropower project under construction in Ethiopia. At 145m tall, it will be the highest dam in Africa and triple Ethiopia's electricity production to 6,450MW.
3) Hydropower has advantages of being renewable, emissions-free, and providing flood control and irrigation. However, hydropower projects require large upfront costs and transmission infrastructure, and can cause displacement of local populations.
Must hybrid power generation station {wind turbine(hawt)&solar (pv)}
This document contains the graduation project of four mechanical engineering students on the design of a hybrid power generation system combining wind turbines and solar PV. It includes 7 chapters that cover renewable energy sources, the design of a 5kW horizontal axis wind turbine using blade element theory and CFD, the design of a 600kW solar PV plant, the construction of a physical model, and the analysis of augmenting the wind turbine with a diffuser. The chapters include descriptions of the design process, calculations, simulation results, and diagrams of the system components. The overall aim is to develop an optimized hybrid power system for clean energy production.
OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY
Offshore Wind Energy – Potential for India
This presentation analyze energy demand scenario, especially that of almost unlimited wind energy and highlight vast potential of offshore wind energy for India in territorial water along its long coastline. Challenges to exploit this potential, financial viability of such offshore energy projects, social, environmental, and other related issues are discussed in Indian context to serve as a useful tool for policymakers to allocate resources for detailed studies for estimation and its ultimate utilization to add to growing pool of renewable energy
VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
Renewable energy is generally electricity supplied from sources, such as wind power, solar power,
geothermal energy, hydro power and various forms of biomass. The popularity of renewable energy
has experienced a significant upsurge in recent times due to the exhaustion of conventional power
generation methods and increasing realization of its adverse effects on the environment. Wind energy
has been harnessed for centuries but it has only emerged as a major part of our energy solution quite
recently and this report focus on utilizing wind energy by using vertical axis wind turbine.
Renewable Energy Sources & Energy Conservation (RES&EC) Diploma mechanical E...
Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Conservation - Diploma Mechanical Engineering - V Semester - III Year - All Unit Introduction Power point Presentation - Intro PPT
Prepared By.....
Mr. U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TN
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=4E3rzVQAAAAJ&hl=en
Windmill
The document discusses the design and components of a wind turbine for power generation. It describes the key parts of a wind turbine including the generator, blades, hub, tower, and how it is connected to the electric grid. The generator converts the kinetic energy of the rotating blades into electrical energy. Blades are made of composite materials and their shape and count are optimized for aerodynamic efficiency. The tower needs to be tall to access stronger winds higher above the ground.
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Similar to Wind Farm Design Project
Wind Energy For Geoscience Students
This document provides an overview of wind energy and the wind industry in Quebec and Canada. It discusses the basics of how wind is generated and how that kinetic energy is captured by wind turbines to generate electricity. It describes the major components of modern wind turbines, including foundations, towers, nacelles, rotors, and hubs. The document outlines how wind farms are constructed and how the electricity is integrated into the grid. It also addresses the intermittency of wind and how geographical dispersion of turbines can help reduce variability. The document reviews environmental permitting requirements and potential impacts of wind projects as well as life cycle analyses. It provides details on the Vents du Kempt wind farm project in Quebec and discusses future plans for wind development in
1115161Wind Power Now, Tomorrow C.P. (Case) .docx
11/15/16
1
Wind Power:
Now, Tomorrow
C.P. (Case) van Dam
EME-1
Mechanical Engineering
November 14, 2016
How does it function?
11/15/16
2
Wind Turbine Power
• The amount of power generated by a turbine depends on the power in
the wind and the efficiency of the turbine:
• Power in wind
• Efficiency or Power Coefficient, Cp:
– Rotor (Conversion of wind power to mechanical power)
– Gearbox (Change in rpm)
– Generator & Inverter (Conversion of mechanical power to electrical power)
Power
Turbine
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$
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=
Efficiency
Factor
!
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$
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×
Power
Wind
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$
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P
w
= 1
2
ρA
d
V
w
3
Basic Rotor Performance
(Momentum Theory)
Wind speed, Vw
Air density, ρ
Disk area, Ad
Power in wind, Pw = 1/2 ρ Vw3 Ad
Maximum rotor power, P = 16/27 Pw
Rotor efficiency, Cp = P / Pw
Betz limit, max Cp = 16/27 = 59.3%
11/15/16
3
Region 4
• Region 1
Turbine is stopped or
starting up
• Region 2
Efficiency maximized
by maintaining
optimum rotor RPM
(for variable speed
turbine)
• Region 3
Power limited through
blade pitch
• Region 4
Turbine is stopped
due to high winds
(loads)
HAWT Power Characteristics
Johnson et al (2005)
• Peak Cp at TSR = 9
• This Cp is maintained in Region II of power curve by controlling rotor RPM
• In Region III power is controlled by changing blade pitch.
HAWT Cp-TSR Curve
Jackson (2005)
11/15/16
4
• Cp = Protor / (1/2 ρ Vw3 Ad)
• Solidity = Blade Area / Ad
• TSR = Tip Speed / Vw
• High power efficiency for
rotors with low solidity and
high TSR
• Darrieus (VAWT) is less
efficient than HAWT
Efficiency of Various Rotor
Designs
Butterfield (2008)
Cp
Tip Speed Ratio TSR = π D RPM / (60 Vw)
kidwind.org
C.P. van Dam
Dutch Mill
16th century
Water pumping, Grinding materials/grain
W. Gretz, DOE/NREL
Persian grain mill
9th century
American Multi-blade
19th century
Water pumping - irrigation
Brush Mill
1888
First wind turbine
12 kW
17 m rotor diameter
Charles F. Brush Special Collection,
Case Western Reserve University
telos.net/wind
Gedser Mill
1956, Denmark
Forerunner to modern wind
turbines
11/15/16
5
Evolution of U.S. Utility-Scale
Wind Turbine Technology
NREL
Wind Turbine Scale-Up and Impact on Cost
U.S. DOE, Wind Vision, March 2015
• Scale-up has been effective in reducing cost but uncertain if this trend can continue
11/15/16
6
Modern Wind
Turbines
• 1.0-3.0 MW
• Wind speeds: 3-25 m/s
– Rated power at 11-12 m/s
• Rotor
– Lift driven
– 3 blades
– Upwind
– Full blade pitch
– 70–120 m diameter
– 5-20 RPM
– Fiberglass, some carbon fiber
• Active yaw
• Steel tubular tower
• Installed in plants/farms of 100-200 MW
• ~40% capacity factor
– 1.5 MW wind turbine would generate
about 5,250,000 kWh per year
– Average household in California uses
about 6,000 kWh per year
Vestas
V90-3.0
MW
11/15/16
7
Technical Specificat ...
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The document discusses a gearless magnetic wind/solar powered turbine storage system called GMAG-WINDSOPTSS. It aims to design a prototype turbine that uses wind and solar power to charge batteries and power a home electrical grid as an emergency backup system. The turbine would use a spiral axis design based on an existing model, with magnetic levitation to eliminate bearings. It would include solar panels, batteries, inverters, converters and controls. Performance is analyzed for Huntsville, AL wind speeds which average around 15 mph and are sufficient to operate a small turbine. The project is broken into phases with milestones to complete design, testing, and implementation.
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The maintenance cost of wind farms is one of the major factors influencing the prof- itability of wind projects. During preventive maintenance, the shutdown of wind turbines results in downtime wind energy losses. Appropriate determination of when to perform maintenance and which turbine(s) to maintain can reduce the overall downtime losses sig- nificantly. This paper uses a wind farm power generation model to evaluate downtime energy losses during preventive maintenance for a given group of wind turbines in the en- tire array. Wakes effects are taken into account to accurately estimate energy production over a specified time period. In addition to wind condition, the influence of wake effects is a critical factor in determining the selection of turbine(s) under maintenance. To min- imize the overall downtime loss of an offshore wind farm due to preventive maintenance, an optimal scheduling problem is formulated that selects the maintenance time of each turbine. Weather conditions are imposed as constraints to ensure the safety of mainte- nance personnel, transportation, and tooling infrastructure. A genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimal scheduling problem. The maintenance scheduling is optimized for a utility-scale offshore wind farm with 25 turbines. The optimized schedule not only reduces the overall downtime loss by selecting the maintenance dates when wind speed is low, but also considers the wake effects among turbines. Under given wind direction, the turbines under maintenance are usually the ones that can generate strong wake effects on others during certain wind conditions, or the ones that generate relatively less power being under excessive wake effects.
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This document provides a syllabus for a course on power electronics for renewable energy systems. The syllabus covers five units: (1) an introduction to environmental impacts of renewable energy and different renewable resources; (2) electrical machines for renewable energy conversion; (3) power converters for solar and wind systems; (4) analysis of wind and PV systems; and (5) hybrid renewable energy systems. Textbooks and references are also listed.
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This document proposes developing offshore wind farms in the Persian Gulf, Oman Sea, and Caspian Sea based on an analysis of wind data from locations in those areas. It finds that the Persian Gulf is strongly recommended for offshore wind farms due to minimum wind speed requirements being met. The Oman Sea needs further investigation as wind speeds were slightly above minimum requirements. The Caspian Sea is not recommended due to low wind speeds below minimum requirements and high installation costs. It provides an overview of offshore wind farm components and engineering aspects like tower design and relationship between wind speed and power extraction.
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The document provides an overview of wind energy, including its history, how it works, applications, and future goals. It discusses how wind is naturally produced and how wind turbines convert kinetic wind energy into electrical energy. The history section outlines key developments in wind power technology from the 1900s to present day. It also describes different types of wind turbines and generators. The document concludes by stating that ongoing innovations aim to improve wind turbine efficiency and integration with other renewable technologies to provide a more reliable energy supply and contribute to a sustainable future.
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Wind Farm Design Project
- 1. Michael Mastromichalis Jack Toth Kegan Buchhop Natalie Chuckta Mike Strauch Kurt Lang Brian Roth Chris Daubert Greg Yanda 1.1
- 2. Purpose •Power grid for cities around Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA Overview •Offshore wind farm •Turbine design •Power Curve •Location •Environmental Impact •Work schedule •Performance 2.1
- 3. 2.2 •Located in Aurich, Lower Saxony, Germany •Fourth largest wind turbine manufacturer in the world
- 4. The energy crisis is a huge problem today, which in turn has led to a growing threat of global warming. Alternative energies (such as wind) deliver power with minimal threat to the environment. Our firm has planned and designed a wind farm to help with both major problems. 3.1
- 6. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Average Ratings of Initial Design Average Rating 4.2
- 8. Solutions To Key Issues •Calculate the cost. •Take into account transportation, turbines, cost per kWhr, etc. •Plan how to connect turbines to shore •Determine type or current 4.4
- 10. 4.6
- 11. Mono-Pile Foundation •Consists of a steel pile •Driven ~32-64 ft into the seabed •Offers greatest amount of stability 4.7
- 12. •Flatiron Construction Corp, •Cal Dive International Inc. •Cashman Equipment Corp •Actual contractors for Cape Wind. 4.8
- 13. Terrain Reduced negative environmental impacts. Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA 4.9
- 14. The population of Cape Cod is 215,888 as of 2010 The majority of the eastern population is seasonal Lowest reported bat deaths due to collisions. Bird migratory path through the west part of the peninsula. The east shore is still safe to build on without harming any migratory birds. 4.91
- 15. •East coast of Cape Cod •30 turbines •Average of 1.5 miles offshore •Underground power lines will connect to the indicated high-voltage wires •Arrow points to added substation 4.92
- 16. •10 x 3 Layout •1800 feet apart horizontally •1000 feet apart vertically 4.93
- 17. Substation and Clean Power •Electrical hookup requires collector substation •Less than 2 miles from wind farm •Ensure clean power is uploaded to grid 4.94
- 18. •Wind Speed Statistics •Power Output •Power Curve •Cost 5.1
- 19. • Monthly weather statistics for Cape Cod • Shows number of days per month with measured wind speeds over 15, 20, and 25mph 5.2
- 20. 5.3
- 21. Ideal Conditions Rated power: 7,580 kW Cut-out wind speed: 28-34 m/s Swept area: 12,668m^2 Rotor diameter: 127 m 5.4
- 22. • Average output per turbine: 3.30 MW • Output of wind farm: 99 MW • Annual output:867,240,000 kWh per year • Annual household consumption: 18,000 kWh/year • Can power approximately 48,180 households. 5.5
- 23. 5.6
- 24. Laying the foundation will take 2 weeks. The concrete is given 2 weeks to completely harden 1.5 years to complete installation of turbines Apporx. 2 weeks to set power connections Another several weeks for inspection 5.7
- 25. 5.8
- 26. •Each turbine costs around $14.2 Million delivered. •The land and installation costs total to $622,000 per turbine. •The total cost for the turbine units is $426 Million. •The total project cost will be estimated at $444.66 Million. 5.9
- 27. 5.91
- 28. •Offshore wind farm •Mono pile foundation •Horizontal axis •Cape Cod, MA •Satisfactory power output 6.1
- 29. 6.2 • Low Environmental Impact • Turbines adaptable to varying wind directions and speeds • Revolutionary turbine design
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Editor's Notes
- "140,000 offshore wind turbines enough to supply one third of US power needs, study concludes," [Online]. Available: http://www.2050publications.com/140000-offshore-wind-turbines-enough-to-supply-one-third-of-us-power-needs-study-concludes/. [Accessed Apr. 14, 2013].
- "E-126 / 7,580 kW," 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.enercon.de/en-en/66.htm. [Accessed Apr. 14, 2013].
- "File:E126-Prototyp-12-02-2008.jpg," Feb. 2010. Available: http://www.energieblog24.de/e126/. [Accessed Apr. 14, 2013]. “File:E126-Prototyp-12-02-2008.jpg," Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:E126-Prototyp-12-02-2008.jpg. [Accessed Apr. 14, 2013
- "ENERCON wind energy converters," [Online]. Available: http://www.wobben.com.br/upload/catalogo/1316009542.pdf. [Accessed Apr. 14, 2013].
- "Offshore wind turbine foundations- Current & future prototypes," 2009. [Online]. Available: http://offshorewind.net/Other_Pages/Turbine-Foundations.html. [Accessed Apr. 14, 2013].
- "Cape cod," Apr. 2013. [Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Cod. [Accessed Apr. 14, 2013].
- 1995-1998. [Online]. Available: http://www.iwavesolutions.com/ccwa/ccwg/weather.html. [Accessed Apr. 14, 2013].
- "Wind powering america," May 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/maps_template.asp?stateab=ma. [Accessed Apr. 14, 2013].