The document discusses the future of energy generation being flexible, local, and resilient through district energy systems and microgrids. It provides examples of how district energy/combined heat and power systems helped communities maintain power and heat during extreme weather events like Hurricane Sandy. Emerging policy trends support more widespread adoption of microgrid technologies to improve grid reliability and resilience at the local level.
Physical design and modeling of 25 v dc dc boost converter for stand alone so...ecij
As per the present development the shortage in powe
r all over the world seems to be abundance.
Renewable energy sources are the capable energy sou
rce along with the accessible resources of energy.
Among all the renewable resources of energy, solar
PV technology is most acceptable due to its
considerable advantage over other form of renewable
sources. Calculating the output of PV system is a
key
aspect. The main principle of this paper is to pres
ent physical modeling and simulation of solar PV sy
stem
and DC-DC boost converter in SIMSCAPE library of MA
TLAB. The benefit by SIMSCAPE library is that it
models the system physically and the outcome obtain
s from it will be considering all the physical resu
lt. In
this paper the output of solar cell has been interf
aced with the boost converter. The system model in
SIMSCAPE can be directly converted into hardware fo
r implement for actual time application
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The March 11, 2011 disaster created the need to review Japan’s energy architecture. We believe that it will take about 10 years for Japan to fully decide on a new energy and electricity architecture, and it will take about 3 years to reach decisions on the future of Japan’s nuclear power generation. Japan has taken a careful approach towards the development of renewable power, and renewable power - except for hydropower - is substantially lower than in most other advanced countries. Japan’s potential for renewable energy is very high, especially wind and geo-thermal power, and will required substantial changes in laws and regulations, and a decentralized and democratic approach to grid management. Necessary liberalization of Japan’s electricity markets is in preparation, and we will see a rapid development of renewable energy. This report reviews the current situation and the future potential of renewable electrical power in Japan.
ISES 2013 - Day 3 - Stephen Roosa (Association of Energy Engineers) - The Tr...Student Energy
The very last plenary session will highlight the challenges related to the transition in the energy sector: the big challenge on how to bridge the gap will be the main focus. A wide range of perspectives will be represented and the challenges we are facing as well as the solutions to these will be put on the table.
Design and Modeling of Grid Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy Power GenerationIJERA Editor
This paper proposes a design and modeling of grid connected hybrid renewable energy power generation. The
energy system having a photo voltaic (PV) panel, Srg wind turbine and fuel cell (sofc) for continuous power
flow management. Fuel cells (storage & generating) are added to ensure uninterrupted power supply due to the
discontinuous nature of solar and wind resources. Renewable energy generated during times of plenty can be
stored for use during periods when sufficient electricity is not available. But storing this energy is a difficult
task: batteries and similar technologies perform well over short timescales, but over periods of weeks or months
a different approach is necessary. Energy storage in the form of hydrogen is one such possibility: excess
electricity is fed into an electrolyser to split water into its constituent parts, oxygen and hydrogen. The hydrogen
is then used in fuel cells to produce electricity when needed which will overcome the problem of storage. This
work is mainly concentrated on the design, analysis and modelling of Fuel cells and Analysis and modelling of
Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) in the application of Wind Energy Generation and pv cell. Also an
effective approach is proposed in this thesis to ensure renewable energy diversity and effective utilization. The
pv cell, wind and fuel cell renewable energy system is digitally simulated using the MATLAB/SIMULINK
software environment and fully validated for efficient energy utilizations and enhanced interface power quality
under different operating conditions and load excursions
Rural electrification by Lakshmi.Nidoni-seminar pptlakshmi nidoni
ABSTRACT
In India, more than 200 million people live in rural areas without access to grid-connected power. A convenient & cost-effective solution would be hybrid power systems which can reduce dependency on grid supply, improve reliability. For a typical domestic load a solar –wind hybrid system is designed with charge controller to charge a conventional battery. To optimize system efficiency, a simple algorithm is developed for system sizing. Total cost of unit is calculated using life cycle cost analysis and payback period.
Physical design and modeling of 25 v dc dc boost converter for stand alone so...ecij
As per the present development the shortage in powe
r all over the world seems to be abundance.
Renewable energy sources are the capable energy sou
rce along with the accessible resources of energy.
Among all the renewable resources of energy, solar
PV technology is most acceptable due to its
considerable advantage over other form of renewable
sources. Calculating the output of PV system is a
key
aspect. The main principle of this paper is to pres
ent physical modeling and simulation of solar PV sy
stem
and DC-DC boost converter in SIMSCAPE library of MA
TLAB. The benefit by SIMSCAPE library is that it
models the system physically and the outcome obtain
s from it will be considering all the physical resu
lt. In
this paper the output of solar cell has been interf
aced with the boost converter. The system model in
SIMSCAPE can be directly converted into hardware fo
r implement for actual time application
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The March 11, 2011 disaster created the need to review Japan’s energy architecture. We believe that it will take about 10 years for Japan to fully decide on a new energy and electricity architecture, and it will take about 3 years to reach decisions on the future of Japan’s nuclear power generation. Japan has taken a careful approach towards the development of renewable power, and renewable power - except for hydropower - is substantially lower than in most other advanced countries. Japan’s potential for renewable energy is very high, especially wind and geo-thermal power, and will required substantial changes in laws and regulations, and a decentralized and democratic approach to grid management. Necessary liberalization of Japan’s electricity markets is in preparation, and we will see a rapid development of renewable energy. This report reviews the current situation and the future potential of renewable electrical power in Japan.
ISES 2013 - Day 3 - Stephen Roosa (Association of Energy Engineers) - The Tr...Student Energy
The very last plenary session will highlight the challenges related to the transition in the energy sector: the big challenge on how to bridge the gap will be the main focus. A wide range of perspectives will be represented and the challenges we are facing as well as the solutions to these will be put on the table.
Design and Modeling of Grid Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy Power GenerationIJERA Editor
This paper proposes a design and modeling of grid connected hybrid renewable energy power generation. The
energy system having a photo voltaic (PV) panel, Srg wind turbine and fuel cell (sofc) for continuous power
flow management. Fuel cells (storage & generating) are added to ensure uninterrupted power supply due to the
discontinuous nature of solar and wind resources. Renewable energy generated during times of plenty can be
stored for use during periods when sufficient electricity is not available. But storing this energy is a difficult
task: batteries and similar technologies perform well over short timescales, but over periods of weeks or months
a different approach is necessary. Energy storage in the form of hydrogen is one such possibility: excess
electricity is fed into an electrolyser to split water into its constituent parts, oxygen and hydrogen. The hydrogen
is then used in fuel cells to produce electricity when needed which will overcome the problem of storage. This
work is mainly concentrated on the design, analysis and modelling of Fuel cells and Analysis and modelling of
Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) in the application of Wind Energy Generation and pv cell. Also an
effective approach is proposed in this thesis to ensure renewable energy diversity and effective utilization. The
pv cell, wind and fuel cell renewable energy system is digitally simulated using the MATLAB/SIMULINK
software environment and fully validated for efficient energy utilizations and enhanced interface power quality
under different operating conditions and load excursions
Rural electrification by Lakshmi.Nidoni-seminar pptlakshmi nidoni
ABSTRACT
In India, more than 200 million people live in rural areas without access to grid-connected power. A convenient & cost-effective solution would be hybrid power systems which can reduce dependency on grid supply, improve reliability. For a typical domestic load a solar –wind hybrid system is designed with charge controller to charge a conventional battery. To optimize system efficiency, a simple algorithm is developed for system sizing. Total cost of unit is calculated using life cycle cost analysis and payback period.
Modeling and Simulation for a 3.5 Kw Grid Connected Photo Voltaic Power Systemijtsrd
This paper presents the design of small scale three phase grid connected system for rural location. The proposed hybrid system includes a 3.5 kW PV panel with a DC DC boost converter with controller for Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT, DC AC inverter with decoupled power controller supplying the load and connected to the grid. The MPPT controller is used to harvest maximum power from the solar panel and decoupled power controller is used for tracking the real and reactive powers and also improves the system stability. MATLAB simulation of the proposed model is carried out to show the effectiveness of grid connected photovoltaic systems. Sheikh Shaheen | Mohd Ilyas "Modeling and Simulation for a 3.5 Kw Grid-Connected Photo-Voltaic Power System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33049.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/33049/modeling-and-simulation-for-a-35-kw-gridconnected-photovoltaic-power-system/sheikh-shaheen
Rural electrification by Lakshmi.Nidoni-Seminar report finallakshmi nidoni
ABSTRACT
In India, more than 200 million people live in rural areas without access to grid-connected power. A convenient & cost-effective solution would be hybrid power systems which can reduce dependency on grid supply, improve reliability. For a typical domestic load a solar –wind hybrid system is designed with charge controller to charge a conventional battery. To optimize system efficiency, a simple algorithm is developed for system sizing. Total cost of unit is calculated using life cycle cost analysis and payback period.
Investigating the Feasibility of Solar Wind Hybrid Systems for Off-Grid Rural...paperpublications3
Abstract: The study investigated the viability of using hybrid models of renewable power generation in certain geographical areas where the climate is suitable. A real model of the set-up was created and the data obtained was compared to simulated models to improve accuracy. The data from both the real set-up and the simulated model were then compared to climatic conditions in certain rural areas of India. As of submission of this report, wind is not a prevalent source of energy in the southern Indian state of Karnataka; this project aims to conclude whether such non-utilisation is justified or whether it would be beneficial if such hybrid models be used in certain areas of suitable conditions.
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF ORKNEY’S WINDFARM DEVELOPMENT FOR SELF-SUFFICIENT FOR EN...aeijjournal
In Orkney islands, a number of wind energy projects have been established due to its potential for wind energy development especially as cluster developments on hilltop and moorland. This Self-sufficient Orkney Wind Energy (SOWE) project is trying to follow this pattern of development and has designed as a simple linear development of medium-large scale wind turbines which avoids dominating the landscape, while providing diversification required for the energy security, along with strong economic benefits to the local community. The developer completed preliminary designs and landscape assessment, resulting in the detailed design and the development of 27 wind turbine project for the expectation to generated electricity
of 549.2 GWh annually. The SOWE project has been designed and selected the use of the Enercon E44 - 900 kW and Norex N80 - 2.5 MW wind turbines. These machines represent the maximum scale, respectively, as; • the site layout and all modelling have used a 45m, and 60m turbine tower height;
• a rotor diameter of 44 m, and 80 m; and • The blade length is 22 m and 40 m. It has been found that the SOWE project provides a promising contribution towards the Scottish
Government renewable energy production and carbon reduction targets.
KEYWORDS
feasibility study, windfarm, Orkney, road transport
Analysis of Community Microgrids: The path to resilient and sustainable commu...Clean Coalition
Greg Thomson, Director of the Community Microgrid Initiative for the Clean Coalition, presented on Community Microgrids to the Municipal Sustainability & Energy Forum on January 25, 2018. This modern energy solution that delivers unparalleled environmental, economic, and resilience benefits to communities.
Economic and Optimization Study of an Hybrid Solar-Diesel System for A Coaste...paperpublications3
Abstract: Photovoltaic power system has become most acceptable renewable energy system for rural areas that do not have access to grid system. This system was designed to supply electricity to Akodo which does not have access to the national grid network of power supply in Nigeria. Akodo, a community in Ibeju Lekki Local Government Area of Lagos State, which is made up of about 150 houses and requires about 89KW load which can be supply conveniently by the solar diesel system, is found to be more appropriate in this research work. The initial cost seemed to be on the high side, but on the long run the maintenance of the system which was very minute accorded the system significant advantage. It is now economical to embark on this research work which would be found to be highly beneficial.
17. NECS 2016 _ Energy_ Evolving power situation and investment opportunities...FICCINorthEast
Presentation made at 3rd Northeast Connectivity Summit on Evolving power situation and investment opportunities by Mr.S. K. Rakesh, Principal Secretary, Power, Govt of Tripura
SPACE VECTOR MODULATION BASED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVEpreeti naga
This paper describes an analysis of local PV-wind hybrid systems for supplying electricity to a private house, farmhouse or a small company with electrical power depending on the need at the site. The major system components, work principle and specific working condition are presented in this paper
Lattice Energy LLC - Compelling Economics of Transmutation vs Combustion of C...Lewis Larsen
Revolutionary LENR technology can potentially transform oil and coal into ‘green’ CO2-free LENR fuels that possess >5,000x the energy density (Watt*hours/kg) of unleaded gasoline.
In LENR fuels derived from extraction and processing of aromatic fractions found in oil and coal, generation of thermal heat energy occurs via clean radiation-free, neutron-catalyzed transmutation of Carbon into Nitrogen and Oxygen rather than chemical combustion with O2.
Herein we show how applied LENR technology can potentially increase the economic value of natural fossil Carbonaceous energy sources by at least 500x; much of this increase in energetic economic value comes from enormous energy densities and BTUs produced by nuclear processes as compared to purely chemical energy processes such as combustion.
In British Petroleum's 63rd annual Statistical Review of World Energy (2014) they estimated that oil will run-out in ~53 years and coal in ~113 years. Given at least 500x increase in the energetic economic value of LENR fuel, commercialization of LENRs on aromatic molecules would extend useful economic lifetime of fossil Carbon sources out to at least 25,000 years.
Commercialization of LENRs occurring on aromatic rings would eliminate the so-called “Carbon Bubble” and fossil fuel “stranded asset” problems that during the past few years have begun to concern certain financial players that even include the Bank of England.
Prospect of Hybrid Solar-Wimd Power Generation System in BangladeshMilton Sarker
Renewable energy likes solar, wind, wave and tidal
could be utilized in some areas of Bangladesh. The
geographical location of Bangladesh is ideal for
tapping solar energy effectively. There is also
enormous potential for harnessing electrical power
from wind in some selected areas of the country and
in the coastal region. In this paper possibility of
wind-solar hybrid system has been studied. It will
help to reduce the huge oil bill that the country is
facing now, provided the national planners give
adequate attention and support for the development
of wind solar hybrid power generation. After a
preliminary survey supported by measured field data
of wind velocities and solar radiation all over the
country, two specific sites Potenga and Thakurgaon
have been primarily identified where more than 100
kW wind-solar hybrid power generations is possible.
Modeling and Simulation for a 3.5 Kw Grid Connected Photo Voltaic Power Systemijtsrd
This paper presents the design of small scale three phase grid connected system for rural location. The proposed hybrid system includes a 3.5 kW PV panel with a DC DC boost converter with controller for Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT, DC AC inverter with decoupled power controller supplying the load and connected to the grid. The MPPT controller is used to harvest maximum power from the solar panel and decoupled power controller is used for tracking the real and reactive powers and also improves the system stability. MATLAB simulation of the proposed model is carried out to show the effectiveness of grid connected photovoltaic systems. Sheikh Shaheen | Mohd Ilyas "Modeling and Simulation for a 3.5 Kw Grid-Connected Photo-Voltaic Power System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33049.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/33049/modeling-and-simulation-for-a-35-kw-gridconnected-photovoltaic-power-system/sheikh-shaheen
Rural electrification by Lakshmi.Nidoni-Seminar report finallakshmi nidoni
ABSTRACT
In India, more than 200 million people live in rural areas without access to grid-connected power. A convenient & cost-effective solution would be hybrid power systems which can reduce dependency on grid supply, improve reliability. For a typical domestic load a solar –wind hybrid system is designed with charge controller to charge a conventional battery. To optimize system efficiency, a simple algorithm is developed for system sizing. Total cost of unit is calculated using life cycle cost analysis and payback period.
Investigating the Feasibility of Solar Wind Hybrid Systems for Off-Grid Rural...paperpublications3
Abstract: The study investigated the viability of using hybrid models of renewable power generation in certain geographical areas where the climate is suitable. A real model of the set-up was created and the data obtained was compared to simulated models to improve accuracy. The data from both the real set-up and the simulated model were then compared to climatic conditions in certain rural areas of India. As of submission of this report, wind is not a prevalent source of energy in the southern Indian state of Karnataka; this project aims to conclude whether such non-utilisation is justified or whether it would be beneficial if such hybrid models be used in certain areas of suitable conditions.
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF ORKNEY’S WINDFARM DEVELOPMENT FOR SELF-SUFFICIENT FOR EN...aeijjournal
In Orkney islands, a number of wind energy projects have been established due to its potential for wind energy development especially as cluster developments on hilltop and moorland. This Self-sufficient Orkney Wind Energy (SOWE) project is trying to follow this pattern of development and has designed as a simple linear development of medium-large scale wind turbines which avoids dominating the landscape, while providing diversification required for the energy security, along with strong economic benefits to the local community. The developer completed preliminary designs and landscape assessment, resulting in the detailed design and the development of 27 wind turbine project for the expectation to generated electricity
of 549.2 GWh annually. The SOWE project has been designed and selected the use of the Enercon E44 - 900 kW and Norex N80 - 2.5 MW wind turbines. These machines represent the maximum scale, respectively, as; • the site layout and all modelling have used a 45m, and 60m turbine tower height;
• a rotor diameter of 44 m, and 80 m; and • The blade length is 22 m and 40 m. It has been found that the SOWE project provides a promising contribution towards the Scottish
Government renewable energy production and carbon reduction targets.
KEYWORDS
feasibility study, windfarm, Orkney, road transport
Analysis of Community Microgrids: The path to resilient and sustainable commu...Clean Coalition
Greg Thomson, Director of the Community Microgrid Initiative for the Clean Coalition, presented on Community Microgrids to the Municipal Sustainability & Energy Forum on January 25, 2018. This modern energy solution that delivers unparalleled environmental, economic, and resilience benefits to communities.
Economic and Optimization Study of an Hybrid Solar-Diesel System for A Coaste...paperpublications3
Abstract: Photovoltaic power system has become most acceptable renewable energy system for rural areas that do not have access to grid system. This system was designed to supply electricity to Akodo which does not have access to the national grid network of power supply in Nigeria. Akodo, a community in Ibeju Lekki Local Government Area of Lagos State, which is made up of about 150 houses and requires about 89KW load which can be supply conveniently by the solar diesel system, is found to be more appropriate in this research work. The initial cost seemed to be on the high side, but on the long run the maintenance of the system which was very minute accorded the system significant advantage. It is now economical to embark on this research work which would be found to be highly beneficial.
17. NECS 2016 _ Energy_ Evolving power situation and investment opportunities...FICCINorthEast
Presentation made at 3rd Northeast Connectivity Summit on Evolving power situation and investment opportunities by Mr.S. K. Rakesh, Principal Secretary, Power, Govt of Tripura
SPACE VECTOR MODULATION BASED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVEpreeti naga
This paper describes an analysis of local PV-wind hybrid systems for supplying electricity to a private house, farmhouse or a small company with electrical power depending on the need at the site. The major system components, work principle and specific working condition are presented in this paper
Lattice Energy LLC - Compelling Economics of Transmutation vs Combustion of C...Lewis Larsen
Revolutionary LENR technology can potentially transform oil and coal into ‘green’ CO2-free LENR fuels that possess >5,000x the energy density (Watt*hours/kg) of unleaded gasoline.
In LENR fuels derived from extraction and processing of aromatic fractions found in oil and coal, generation of thermal heat energy occurs via clean radiation-free, neutron-catalyzed transmutation of Carbon into Nitrogen and Oxygen rather than chemical combustion with O2.
Herein we show how applied LENR technology can potentially increase the economic value of natural fossil Carbonaceous energy sources by at least 500x; much of this increase in energetic economic value comes from enormous energy densities and BTUs produced by nuclear processes as compared to purely chemical energy processes such as combustion.
In British Petroleum's 63rd annual Statistical Review of World Energy (2014) they estimated that oil will run-out in ~53 years and coal in ~113 years. Given at least 500x increase in the energetic economic value of LENR fuel, commercialization of LENRs on aromatic molecules would extend useful economic lifetime of fossil Carbon sources out to at least 25,000 years.
Commercialization of LENRs occurring on aromatic rings would eliminate the so-called “Carbon Bubble” and fossil fuel “stranded asset” problems that during the past few years have begun to concern certain financial players that even include the Bank of England.
Prospect of Hybrid Solar-Wimd Power Generation System in BangladeshMilton Sarker
Renewable energy likes solar, wind, wave and tidal
could be utilized in some areas of Bangladesh. The
geographical location of Bangladesh is ideal for
tapping solar energy effectively. There is also
enormous potential for harnessing electrical power
from wind in some selected areas of the country and
in the coastal region. In this paper possibility of
wind-solar hybrid system has been studied. It will
help to reduce the huge oil bill that the country is
facing now, provided the national planners give
adequate attention and support for the development
of wind solar hybrid power generation. After a
preliminary survey supported by measured field data
of wind velocities and solar radiation all over the
country, two specific sites Potenga and Thakurgaon
have been primarily identified where more than 100
kW wind-solar hybrid power generations is possible.
Utilizing solar+storage to obviate natural gas peaker plants Clean Coalition
The Clean Coalition was a partner organization for the Grid-Scale Storage Conference, which took place on June 6-7, 2018 in San Francisco, CA. Executive Director Craig Lewis presented at the event.
1115161Wind Power Now, Tomorrow C.P. (Case) .docxpaynetawnya
11/15/16
1
Wind Power:
Now, Tomorrow
C.P. (Case) van Dam
EME-1
Mechanical Engineering
November 14, 2016
How does it function?
11/15/16
2
Wind Turbine Power
• The amount of power generated by a turbine depends on the power in
the wind and the efficiency of the turbine:
• Power in wind
• Efficiency or Power Coefficient, Cp:
– Rotor (Conversion of wind power to mechanical power)
– Gearbox (Change in rpm)
– Generator & Inverter (Conversion of mechanical power to electrical power)
Power
Turbine
!
"#
$
%&
=
Efficiency
Factor
!
"#
$
%&
×
Power
Wind
!
"#
$
%&
P
w
= 1
2
ρA
d
V
w
3
Basic Rotor Performance
(Momentum Theory)
Wind speed, Vw
Air density, ρ
Disk area, Ad
Power in wind, Pw = 1/2 ρ Vw3 Ad
Maximum rotor power, P = 16/27 Pw
Rotor efficiency, Cp = P / Pw
Betz limit, max Cp = 16/27 = 59.3%
11/15/16
3
Region 4
• Region 1
Turbine is stopped or
starting up
• Region 2
Efficiency maximized
by maintaining
optimum rotor RPM
(for variable speed
turbine)
• Region 3
Power limited through
blade pitch
• Region 4
Turbine is stopped
due to high winds
(loads)
HAWT Power Characteristics
Johnson et al (2005)
• Peak Cp at TSR = 9
• This Cp is maintained in Region II of power curve by controlling rotor RPM
• In Region III power is controlled by changing blade pitch.
HAWT Cp-TSR Curve
Jackson (2005)
11/15/16
4
• Cp = Protor / (1/2 ρ Vw3 Ad)
• Solidity = Blade Area / Ad
• TSR = Tip Speed / Vw
• High power efficiency for
rotors with low solidity and
high TSR
• Darrieus (VAWT) is less
efficient than HAWT
Efficiency of Various Rotor
Designs
Butterfield (2008)
Cp
Tip Speed Ratio TSR = π D RPM / (60 Vw)
kidwind.org
C.P. van Dam
Dutch Mill
16th century
Water pumping, Grinding materials/grain
W. Gretz, DOE/NREL
Persian grain mill
9th century
American Multi-blade
19th century
Water pumping - irrigation
Brush Mill
1888
First wind turbine
12 kW
17 m rotor diameter
Charles F. Brush Special Collection,
Case Western Reserve University
telos.net/wind
Gedser Mill
1956, Denmark
Forerunner to modern wind
turbines
11/15/16
5
Evolution of U.S. Utility-Scale
Wind Turbine Technology
NREL
Wind Turbine Scale-Up and Impact on Cost
U.S. DOE, Wind Vision, March 2015
• Scale-up has been effective in reducing cost but uncertain if this trend can continue
11/15/16
6
Modern Wind
Turbines
• 1.0-3.0 MW
• Wind speeds: 3-25 m/s
– Rated power at 11-12 m/s
• Rotor
– Lift driven
– 3 blades
– Upwind
– Full blade pitch
– 70–120 m diameter
– 5-20 RPM
– Fiberglass, some carbon fiber
• Active yaw
• Steel tubular tower
• Installed in plants/farms of 100-200 MW
• ~40% capacity factor
– 1.5 MW wind turbine would generate
about 5,250,000 kWh per year
– Average household in California uses
about 6,000 kWh per year
Vestas
V90-3.0
MW
11/15/16
7
Technical Specificat ...
Simon Gamble, Manager for Hybrid Off-Grid Solutions at Hyrdo Tasmania, presented at our seminar entitled 'Securing Australia's Energy Future: The Challenge' on Friday 15 August 2014 in Melbourne.
Held as part of our Sustainability Leadership Series, the seminar brought together experts and practitioners from across government, business, academia and civil society, to discuss Australia’s transition to a secure, cleaner and cost-competitive energy future.
For more information about this seminar and the UNAA Sustainability Leadership Series please visit www.unaavictoria.org.au/education-advocacy/masterclasses/
Capstone project completed with Alan Thai and Arthur Yip. Briefly, we describe our MATLAB model for a renewable energy hub consisting of solar panels, wind turbines and an electrolyzer for generating hydrogen. The generated hydrogen was then used to run hydrogen-powered forklifts. The environmental and financial analysis were shown to be sufficient to warrant further investigation.
Power, Gas and Certificates Trading Industry in EuropePMILebanonChapter
Elie El Haddad is the speaker for the monthly lecture of the PMI Lebanon Chapter and the presentation title is "Projects for the Power, Gas and Certificates Industry".
Lecture Outline and Objectives:
Outline
Power generation industry
Power scheduling, routing and balancing
Power trading
Challenges of project management for the power industry
Objectives
How the energy is produced
How the energy is delivered to the end customer
How the pricing is made
How the risk management is calculated
Project implementation for the power industry
Daniel Skog, Communications Officer, Malmö, Sweden
Closing the loops – sustainable systems for energy, waste and water and in the Western Harbour, Malmö, Sweden” Historically, Kockums shipyard was located in the Western Harbour which today hosts thousands of apartments and offices. The first development, Bo01, was designed to use and produce 100% locally renewable energy over the course of a year. Buildings receive energy from solar, wind and a heat pump that extracts heat from an aquifer that facilitates seasonal storage of heat and cold water in the limestone ground. The different stages in the Western Harbour have piloted different waste separation systems. Food waste is gathered in storage tanks and transported for biogas production. All areas in the Western Harbour have good access to walking paths, bike lanes, buses and car pools.
Re-Energizing Our Cities: From District to Specific - Integral GroupToronto 2030 District
Dave Ramslie and Gerry Faubert, Principals, Integral Group
Reenergizing our Cities! – Integrated District Scale Energy Planning
Investment in our buildings and infrastructure has never been more timely. Energy solutions that work for both new development and for the retention and re-imagining of our existing buildings are possible today. The scale and application of these solutions from grass roots community engagement programs, to retro-commissioning, big data and the development of large sale renewable energy solutions can work together to lower emissions and improve our collective quality of life. Using case studies such as the development of new district ambient loop in downtown Vancouver using existing fire protection infrastructure and the promotion of deep green retrofits in multi-unit residential buildings through the Condo Retrofit Assistance Financing Trial (CRAFT) Dave Ramslie and Gerry Faubert will examine how a variety of solutions deployed at the neighborhood level can be aligned to achieve significant community wide energy savings and economic revitalization.
Dr. Khosrow Farabakhsh, Associate Professor, School of Engineering, University of Guelph
If necessity is the mother of invention then uncertainty is the seed for innovation. We live in uncertain times. Our trusted climate models and long-cherished engineering tools and formulas are being severely tested and are often incapable of coping with inherent uncertainties of our natural and human environments. Challenged by the severe climate events, economic and population pressures and aging infrastructure, cities are forced to reconsider the concepts of planning and scale. In this presentation we will explore the idea of urban infrastructure design and planning derived from a new paradigm in water management. Focusing on what we already know and presenting tools we already posses, the presentation discusses how to transition from current deterministic approach in planning to a more adaptive approach that incorporates water management using a post-normal systems approach. Technical, regulatory and design examples will be provided to highlight the transition already underway. Examples include distributed water reuse and recovering energy and other resources from wastewater.
What is "Model" Sustainability? UniverCity's Journey Toward Sustainability T...Toronto 2030 District
Dale Mikkelsen, Director of Development, SFU Community Trust
Simon Fraser University (SFU) created its Community Trust to develop a model community on about 65 hectares of land surrounding SFU’s Burnaby campus in British Columbia.
That ‘sustainable community on the mountain’ became UniverCity, the award-winning, mixed-use, transit-oriented district with a diverse range of housing choices, shops, services, and amenities. And the UniverCity Childcare Centre is expected to be the first building in Canada to meet the Living Building Challenge, the most ambitious rating system in North America for environmentally sustainable architectural design.
A model for practical and affordable sustainability, UniverCity also generates endowment wealth to support teaching and research at SFU.
As the Director of Development for SFU Community Trust, Dale Mikkelsen is charged with raising the bar of sustainable community planning to ensure UniverCity remains on the leading edge of energy efficiency, material conservation, healthy environments and community building.
Mikkelsen brings a wealth of experience to the UniverCity project having been the lead project planner for the City of Vancouver’s 2010 Athlete Village, the City of Vancouver’s Green Building Planner, and a Board Member for the International Living Future Institute.
Bob Bach presents on changes to the energy efficiency requirements that are included in the Ontario Building Code (OBC2012) which will launch Jan 1 2014, as well as expected changes in the 2017 version of the code.
Mike Singleton of Sustainable Buildings Canada presented an overview on the results of the first year of Enbridge Savings By Design builder workshops. Savings by design aims to help Ontario builders of commercial buildings and production residential projects surpass the energy requirements of the Ontario Building Code by 25%.
Scott Armstrong
Design considerations in achieving SB-10 – high performance enclosures, analyzing systems, delivering quality, and verifying performance
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...
GBF2014 - Rob Thornton - Flexible, Local, Resilient Energy Generation
1. The Future: Flexible, Local & Resilient Energy GenerationRobert P. Thornton President & CEO ResilienCity: the new urban paradigm Sustainable Buildings Canada-Green Building Festival Toronto, ON October 2, 2014
2. Agenda
•Introduction to IDEA and District Energy
•Energy Paradigm Shift -Case Example
•Emerging Drivers -Local Energy
•Resilient Energy Systems -Case Examples
•District Energy/Microgrids–
–Policy Trends
–Challenges & Opportunities
•Q&A
3. •Formed in 1909 –105 years in 2014
•501(c)6 industry association
•Approx. 2000+ members in 26 nations
•56% are end-user systems; majority in North America; growth in Middle East
•Downtown utilities; public/private colleges & universities; healthcare; industry, etc.
4.
5. District Energy/Microgrid– Community Scale Energy Solution
•Underground network of pipes “combines”heating and cooling requirements of multiple buildings
•Creates a “market” for valuable thermal energy
•Aggregated thermal loads creates scaleto apply fuels, technologies not feasible on single-building basis
•Fuel flexibility improves energy security, local economy
6. Infrastructure for Local Clean Energy Economy
•Connects thermal energy sources with users
•Urban infrastructure –hidden community asset
•Robust and reliable utility services
•Energy dollars re-circulate in local economy
7.
8. District Energy Industry Growth (Million sq ft customer bldg space connected/committed) Aggregate SF reported since 1990 –572,853,166 SF(Annual average 23.8 Million SF/Yr –North America)
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9. “For the average coal plant, only 32% of the energy is converted to electricity; the rest is lost as heat.”
-Page VI, Executive Summary
10. Efficiency of US Power Generation
Power Engineering Magazine, November 2009
11.
12.
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14. BraytonPoint Power Station, Somerset, MA –1,537 MWPre-2011: Once-through cooling –Taunton River:MountHope Bay
20. Somerset power plant put up for sale Boston Globe, Sept 7, 2012
Dominion Loss on Write-Downs; Core Improves… WSJ, Jan 31, 2013
Energy company Dominion Resources posts 4Q loss –
The Virginian Pilot, Jan 31, 2013
21. BraytonPoint Power Station Closing: Massachusetts Coal-Fired Plant Shutting Down In 2017 –Providence Journal, Oct 8, 2013
25. Paradigm Shift
•lower cost natural gas impacting coal plants
In U.S., during the first half of 2012:
•165 new electric power generators installed
•Totaling 8,100 megawatts (MW) new capacity
•Of 165, 105 of those units under 25 MW and
•Mostly renewable -solar, wind or landfill gas
•Other factors -environmental compliance costs; poor load factor; low wholesale power costs and cheap natural gas
33. 820 mi diameter
Double the landfall size ofIsaac + Irene combined
Affected 21 states (as far west as Michigan)
106 fatalities
SUPERSTORM SANDY: BY THE NUMBERS
34. 8,100,000 homes lost power
57,000 utility workers from 30 states & Canada assisted Con Edison in restoring power
Total estimated cost to date $71 billion+ (dnilost business)
45. “Combined heat and power allowed our central plant to operate in island mode without compromising our power supply.” Lori Winyard, Director, Energy and Central Facilities at TCNJ
47. 98% of the Town of Fairfield lost power, university only lost power for a brief period at storm’s peakUniversity buildings served as “area of refuge” for off-campus students
49. “City within a city” 60,000 residents, 330 acres, 14,000+ apartments, 35 high rise buildingsOne of the largest housing cooperatives in the world; 10th largest “city” in New York State40 MW Cogenplant maintained heat and power throughout Sandy –back fed Con Edison grid
51. CHP/district energy plant supplies all heat, hot water, air conditioning, and half of the electricity to campus of 12,000 students/faculty"We designed it so the electrical system for the campus could become its own island in an emergency. It cost more to do that. But I'm sure glad we did.“ Ted Borer, Energy Manager, Princeton
61. Princeton University MicrogridBenefit to Local Grid
During August peak: 100+deg F; 80% RH
•2005 campus peak demand on grid 27 MW•Implemented advance control scheme
•2006 campus peak demand on grid 2 MW
•Microgrid“freed up” 25 MWto local grid
–reduces peak load on local wires
–avoids brownouts
–enhances reliability
–supports local economy
63. District Energy/CHP/MicrogridEmerging Drivers
•Growing demand for greater grid reliability and resiliency
•Choice to deploy clean energy sources to help compete for high quality employers, factories, tenants
•Desire to expand local tax base & replace remote coal generation
•Flexibility to tap local energy supplies to improve trade balance & drive economic multiplier
•Cutting GHG emissions and addressing climate adaptation
•Local infrastructure advantages in extreme weather events
64. What is a District Energy/Microgrid?
•Local “distributed” generation integrating CHP; thermal energy; electricity generation; thermal storage and renewables
•Located near load centers; customer density; often some mission-critical needs
•Robust, economic assets; 24/7/365
•CHP interconnected with regional & local grid
•Able to “island” in the event of grid failure
65.
66. MicrogridResources Also Provide
•Diversity of generating locations
–Reduced risk associated with transmission and distribution failures
•Diversity of fuel sources
•Capacity, planned for local, critical loads
•Thermal energy for district heating, cooling
•Redundancy in case of grid failures
–Small, localized failures instead of regional failures
•Voltage stability
•Frequency stability
•Wave form stability
67. Simple Microgrid Concept
Central Utility Power Station
KWH
Utility Meter
Synchronizing Isolation Breaker
Local Generator
Local Power Demands
KWH
Utility Meter
Isolation Breaker
Local Power Demands
68. Microgrid Options
Central Utility
Power Station
KWH
Utility
Meter
GT, Diesel,
Micro-turbine
reciprocating gas engine,
solar PV, wind, micro-hydro…
Battery or
flywheel
Economic
Dispatch
Synchronizing
Isolation
Breaker
69. MicrogridsAdd Grid Reliability
Central Utility
Power Station
KWH
Utility Meter
Synchronizing Isolation Breaker
Local Generator
KWH
Utility Meter
Isolation Breaker
KWH
Utility Meter
Local Generator
KWH
Utility Meter
Synchronizing Isolation Breaker
Local Generator
Synchronizing Isolation Breaker
70. Why Build A Microgrid?
•Benefits for the Owner
–Enhanced Reliability and Resiliency
–Cost Reduction
–Environmental
•Benefits for the ISO
–Reduction in LMP Cost
–Increase Capacity Supply
–Reduction in Transmission Needs
–Reduction in Marginal Losses
–Rapid Frequency Regulation
–Spinning Reserve
71. Why Build A Microgrid?
•Benefits to the Local Economy
–Enhanced Reliability/Resiliency –Reduce business interruption risk
–Areas of Refuge for Citizens/First Responder Support
–Power for Local Critical Infrastructure
•Hospitals, Gas Stations, Police & Fire, Waste Water Treatment Plants
•Benefits to Local Electric Distribution Utility
–Reduced Peak Load
•Problems for Local Electric Distribution Utility
–Loss of Revenue
–Interconnection Issues
72. Multi-Building Microgrids
•Microgridsnot recognized as a unique class of grid resources
•They are under-utilized and under-compensated for
–Providing energy and auxiliary services
–Contributing to reliability and availability
–Ability to quickly balance intermittent renewables
•They face state regulatory hurdles including:
–Limits on servicing multiple customers
–Limits on serving multiple properties of the same customer
–Limits on partnering with third party developers
•The current utility business model provides disincentives to customer efficiency and flexibility
•Currently, MUSH market represents “best in class”
74. DE/CHP MicrogridBest Practices
•Fully integrated load monitoring, forecasting
•Parallel operation with real time price signals and optimization strategies (make/buy)
•Ancillary services to grid –capacity; VAR support
•Integrate thermal energy for optimal efficiency
•Chilled water thermal storage enhances grid relief; operating flexibility; cost avoidance
•Fuel purchasing and flexibility strategies
•Customer optimization; efficiency support
75.
76. Emerging Policy Trends
•States and Cities acting on microgriddeployment
–New York State -$40 M microgridprogram
–Connecticut -1stphase $20 M; 2ndphase $20 M
–New Jersey -$30 M microgriddeployment
–Massachusetts -$32 M financing
•City of Boston developing MicrogridRegulatory Strategy
•US DOE Technical Application Centers (TAPs) supporting deployment nationally
•National advocacy groups forming to improve market access for microgrids(MRC)
77. United Nations Environment Program District Energy in Cities Initiative
•Launched 9/22 United Nations Climate Summit, UN General Assembly, New York
•UN Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) Global Energy Efficiency Initiatives -District Energy Accelerator
•Deploy district heating/cooling in cities to increase energy efficiency, cut emissions
•Mentor, share, pair –best practices
78.
79. 'Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it's the
only thing that ever has.'
Margaret Mead
Rob Thornton rob.idea@districtenergy.org