Renewable Energy Sources & Energy Conservation (RES&EC) Diploma mechanical e...ARAVIND U
Subject: Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Conservation
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering - V Sem - III Year
M Scheme - Unit 1 - Fundamentals of Energy and Wind Energy Power point Presentation
Prepared By..
Mr. U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TN
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=4E3rzVQAAAAJ&hl=en
Renewable Energy Sources & Energy Conservation (RES&EC) Diploma mechanical E...ARAVIND U
Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Conservation - Diploma Mechanical Engineering - V Semester - III Year - All Unit Introduction Power point Presentation - Intro PPT
Prepared By.....
Mr. U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TN
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=4E3rzVQAAAAJ&hl=en
Renewable Energy Sources & Energy Conservation (RES&EC) Diploma mechanical e...ARAVIND U
Subject: Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Conservation
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering - V Sem - III Year
M Scheme - Unit 2 - Solar Energy Power point Presentation
Mr. U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TN
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=4E3rzVQAAAAJ&hl=en
Renewable Energy Sources & Energy Conservation (RES&EC) Diploma mechanical E...ARAVIND U
The document discusses bioenergy and various methods of producing and utilizing it. It defines bioenergy as energy obtained from naturally available organic materials through direct use or conversion. Methods of deriving bioenergy covered include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels like ethanol and biodiesel, gaseous biofuels, biomass gasification, anaerobic digestion of waste, and production of biogas.
RES & EC Unit 3 PPT - Solar Photovoltaic System and Design & Ocean Energy, Ti...ARAVIND U
Thanks and Regards...
Mr. U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TN
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Solar photovoltaic System and Design:
Solar photovoltaic a brief history of PV,PV in silicon: basic
principle, crystalline PV; reducing cost and raising efficiency, thin film
PV, other innovative technologies, electrical characteristics of silicon
PV cells and modules, grid connected PV system, cost of energy
from PV ,Environmental impact and safety.
System design of solar photovoltaic system: Load analysis-solar
array Design-Battery Design-Simple formulas. System design
procedure. Case Studies: Designing solar home lighting system -
Designing stand alone solar PV Power plant - Designing solar PV
water pumping system - Only arriving load capacity - solar array
sizing - Battery sizing - Inverter capacity and mountings.
Ocean energy, Tidal & Wave energy
Ocean energy resources – principle's of ocean thermal energy
conversion (OTEC) – Methods of Ocean thermal electric power
generation – Energy utilisation – basic principle of tidal power –
components and operations of tidal power plant – Energy and Power
forms of waves – Wave energy conversion devices.
1) An engineering firm has planned and designed an offshore wind farm near Cape Cod, Massachusetts to help address energy needs and reduce environmental impacts from fossil fuels.
2) The wind farm will consist of 30 turbines located 1.5 miles offshore and will have an estimated annual output of 867 million kWh, enough to power around 48,000 homes.
3) Key challenges addressed in the design include determining the best turbine model, foundation type, electrical connections, and minimizing environmental impacts to wildlife. Extensive research was done to find the optimal location off Cape Cod.
This proposal suggests installing a tidal and wave power plant off the coast of Southern California to supply electricity to 100,000 customers. The plant would use Deep Green tidal stream generators and WaveNet wave energy converters. 30 Deep Green DG-12 devices, rated at 500 kW each, would generate 15 MW from tidal energy. 141 WaveNet Series 24 devices, rated at 750 kW each, would harness wave power to generate 100 MW. The combined plant is expected to have a total installed capacity of 115 MW.
Pakistan nuclear energy vs electricity by noman javed noman
The document discusses Pakistan's energy sector and goals for increasing nuclear power generation. It notes that Pakistan currently has 750 MW of nuclear energy capacity but aims to increase this to 8,800 MW by 2030 under its Vision 2030 plan. To achieve this target, Pakistan would need to build 29 new nuclear reactors of 300 MW each or 10 reactors of 900 MW each, representing an investment of around $30 billion. The document also outlines Pakistan's current and alternative energy sources as well as organizations involved in its nuclear sector like PAEC and PNRA.
Renewable Energy Sources & Energy Conservation (RES&EC) Diploma mechanical e...ARAVIND U
Subject: Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Conservation
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering - V Sem - III Year
M Scheme - Unit 1 - Fundamentals of Energy and Wind Energy Power point Presentation
Prepared By..
Mr. U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TN
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=4E3rzVQAAAAJ&hl=en
Renewable Energy Sources & Energy Conservation (RES&EC) Diploma mechanical E...ARAVIND U
Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Conservation - Diploma Mechanical Engineering - V Semester - III Year - All Unit Introduction Power point Presentation - Intro PPT
Prepared By.....
Mr. U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TN
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=4E3rzVQAAAAJ&hl=en
Renewable Energy Sources & Energy Conservation (RES&EC) Diploma mechanical e...ARAVIND U
Subject: Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Conservation
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering - V Sem - III Year
M Scheme - Unit 2 - Solar Energy Power point Presentation
Mr. U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TN
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=4E3rzVQAAAAJ&hl=en
Renewable Energy Sources & Energy Conservation (RES&EC) Diploma mechanical E...ARAVIND U
The document discusses bioenergy and various methods of producing and utilizing it. It defines bioenergy as energy obtained from naturally available organic materials through direct use or conversion. Methods of deriving bioenergy covered include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels like ethanol and biodiesel, gaseous biofuels, biomass gasification, anaerobic digestion of waste, and production of biogas.
RES & EC Unit 3 PPT - Solar Photovoltaic System and Design & Ocean Energy, Ti...ARAVIND U
Thanks and Regards...
Mr. U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TN
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Solar photovoltaic System and Design:
Solar photovoltaic a brief history of PV,PV in silicon: basic
principle, crystalline PV; reducing cost and raising efficiency, thin film
PV, other innovative technologies, electrical characteristics of silicon
PV cells and modules, grid connected PV system, cost of energy
from PV ,Environmental impact and safety.
System design of solar photovoltaic system: Load analysis-solar
array Design-Battery Design-Simple formulas. System design
procedure. Case Studies: Designing solar home lighting system -
Designing stand alone solar PV Power plant - Designing solar PV
water pumping system - Only arriving load capacity - solar array
sizing - Battery sizing - Inverter capacity and mountings.
Ocean energy, Tidal & Wave energy
Ocean energy resources – principle's of ocean thermal energy
conversion (OTEC) – Methods of Ocean thermal electric power
generation – Energy utilisation – basic principle of tidal power –
components and operations of tidal power plant – Energy and Power
forms of waves – Wave energy conversion devices.
1) An engineering firm has planned and designed an offshore wind farm near Cape Cod, Massachusetts to help address energy needs and reduce environmental impacts from fossil fuels.
2) The wind farm will consist of 30 turbines located 1.5 miles offshore and will have an estimated annual output of 867 million kWh, enough to power around 48,000 homes.
3) Key challenges addressed in the design include determining the best turbine model, foundation type, electrical connections, and minimizing environmental impacts to wildlife. Extensive research was done to find the optimal location off Cape Cod.
This proposal suggests installing a tidal and wave power plant off the coast of Southern California to supply electricity to 100,000 customers. The plant would use Deep Green tidal stream generators and WaveNet wave energy converters. 30 Deep Green DG-12 devices, rated at 500 kW each, would generate 15 MW from tidal energy. 141 WaveNet Series 24 devices, rated at 750 kW each, would harness wave power to generate 100 MW. The combined plant is expected to have a total installed capacity of 115 MW.
Pakistan nuclear energy vs electricity by noman javed noman
The document discusses Pakistan's energy sector and goals for increasing nuclear power generation. It notes that Pakistan currently has 750 MW of nuclear energy capacity but aims to increase this to 8,800 MW by 2030 under its Vision 2030 plan. To achieve this target, Pakistan would need to build 29 new nuclear reactors of 300 MW each or 10 reactors of 900 MW each, representing an investment of around $30 billion. The document also outlines Pakistan's current and alternative energy sources as well as organizations involved in its nuclear sector like PAEC and PNRA.
Team Nile conducted a feasibility study for Avista Corporation to analyze solutions for closing three transmission lines in the Big Bend area. They used PowerWorld simulator to test designs under heavy summer and high transfer load cases. For the high transfer case, Team Nile proposed three solutions: the most expensive option involving extensive new transmission lines and substations; the least expensive focusing on reconductoring and capacitor/reactor banks; and the most cost-effective option. They analyzed each design's ability to prevent overloads during contingency scenarios and produced cost analyses for Avista.
Impact of wind power on power system operationLeonardo ENERGY
The document discusses wind energy integration into power systems. It covers dynamic modeling of wind turbines, aggregated wind power time series analysis for Belgium, and indicators for quantifying the value of wind energy. Key findings include wind power capacity factors of 20-31%, capacity credit reductions of 10-30% of installed capacity, and potential 4% reduction in CO2 emissions from wind power equal to 5% of peak demand. The document concludes wind power brings technical and value assessment challenges but can provide 700+ MW of clean energy for Belgium's power system.
Pay back period and cost base analysis of solar PV LanternMalik Sameeullah
Financial analysis tool is used to find out the financial feasibility of solar Photo voltaic Lantern. Topic used simple financial tool with self explanatory formula and explain financial analysis of SPV lantern. It is easy to understand the financial analysis specially for beginner.
Solar Energy Analytics Using Internet of ThingsAMOGHA A K
*Extracting usable electricity from sun.
*Conversion of light energy into DC.
*Used in remote areas as placement of electric lines are not viable.
*Solar based system connected to IoT.
*Easy access of data.
The document discusses the emergence of hybrid renewable energy systems as solar power becomes more cost competitive with wind. Hybrid systems that combine solar, wind, and energy storage are positioned to lead the scaling up of renewable electricity generation due to improved reliability and cost savings. Demonstration projects around the world are testing hybrid systems, with examples including large solar plants integrated with battery storage, wind farms with battery storage, and solar-wind hybrid plants. Hybrid systems offer advantages over traditional renewable plants like lower generation costs, higher reliability, and increased operational flexibility.
Must hybrid power generation station {wind turbine(hawt)&solar (pv)}Mohammed Ahmed Ramadan
This document contains the graduation project of four mechanical engineering students on the design of a hybrid power generation system combining wind turbines and solar PV. It includes 7 chapters that cover renewable energy sources, the design of a 5kW horizontal axis wind turbine using blade element theory and CFD, the design of a 600kW solar PV plant, the construction of a physical model, and the analysis of augmenting the wind turbine with a diffuser. The chapters include descriptions of the design process, calculations, simulation results, and diagrams of the system components. The overall aim is to develop an optimized hybrid power system for clean energy production.
The document provides information about the Power Plant Engineering syllabus including objectives, units covered, outcomes, textbooks and references. It includes:
1) An overview of the 5 units - coal based thermal power plants, diesel/gas turbine/combined cycle power plants, nuclear power plants, renewable energy power plants, and energy/economic/environmental issues.
2) Details of the topics covered in each unit, class periods allotted, textbooks referenced.
3) Sample questions from previous years' exams and objectives/importance of studying the subject.
The syllabus aims to provide an overview of different power plant types and the role of mechanical engineers. Students will understand various power generation methods and analyze related energy/
The document discusses floating solar power plants and their advantages over land-based solar. It provides details on the components of floating PV systems including the floating structure, mooring system, PV system, and underwater cables. Performance data is presented from two floating PV plants installed in South Korea showing 10.3% higher efficiency than land-based systems. The document also outlines government initiatives and policies in India to promote renewable energy including solar, as well as the financial modeling considerations for setting up floating solar PV plants.
IMPROVING ELECTRIC VEHICLE PERFORMANCE USING PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLSHemantJangid20
This ppt represents the results of measuring the range and performance of the Electric vehicles as an alternative solution for fossil fuels based on previous work. It also presents the same measured parameters for the photovoltaic cells. A comparison between the two models has been done. It demonstrates a dynamic model of an electric vehicle and photovoltaic cell using the SIMULINK in MATLAB program.
1. The document summarizes a case study of a 3 MW grid-connected solar photovoltaic power plant in Kolar, Karnataka.
2. Key details include the plant's technical specifications, performance in 2010 including energy generated and sold to the grid, and operational and maintenance issues faced.
3. Analysis of the plant's performance found good module performance but reduced generation due to inverter issues, with efficiency more sensitive to temperature than solar radiation.
Solar Panel Installation And Maintenance PowerPoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
World is moving towards a sustainable future and renewable energy is playing a vital role in achieving that goal. There are various sources of renewable energy but solar energy is dominant when it comes to meet both industrial and residential energy demand at low cost. This presentation will benefit the manufacturing organization that wants to optimize their energy consumption and electricity bill cost by shifting to solar energy. The presentation includes sections namely energy consumption analysis that will help the firm in defining its current electricity composition by resource, its daily, monthly and annual energy utilization rate, share of electricity demand in current year, energy star rating of current appliances and machineries and monthly electricity bill of the plant. Issues we are currently facing section will highlight the current challenges faced by the manufacturer in terms of machine downtime, energy consumption and Co2 emission. Firm can illustrate various solution along with their cost overview to counter their current challenges with help of Available solutions to counter energy issues section. Solar system overview section will help the firm in providing overview about solar system types and its applications along with system workflow. Permission and regulatory key considerations section will help the manufacturer to describe the essential permission and regulatory key consideration required for solar system installation. Manufacturer can provide detailed specification about the project, it objective and expected outcomes with the help of Project description and specifications section. Manufacturer can ensure the best quality of solar panels, mounting structure and inverter with decision making checklist for solar project section. Estimated cost of solar project section will shed a light on total cost required to install solar system. Implementation schedule will help the firm in illustrating the different stages to install solar system. Maintenance plan and schedule section will help the organization in maintaining the solar panel and inverter health. Manufacturer can portrays the stats of plant capacity per annum and electricity bill saving with impact on performance section. Risk and mitigation strategies section will help the manufacturer in illustrating possible risk that may occur during solar system installation and right measures to overcome them. Company can portray possible challenges that may arise while opting for solar energy and solution to overcome them with the help of barriers and solutions for solar energy application section. Finally, performance tracking dashboard will help the manufacturer in tracking plant electricity consumption, solar production and export to grid. https://bit.ly/2MP2gfF
Presentation from the New Mexico Regional Energy Storage & Grid Integration Workshop: Optimized Integration of PV with Battery Storage: A Real World Success Story, presented by Jon Hawkins, PNM
A case study in offshore wind farm project managementmtingle
The document discusses the Wolfe Island Shoals offshore wind farm project in Lake Ontario, Canada. Some key points:
- It will be a 300 MW offshore wind facility costing $1.5 billion Canadian dollars.
- It faces special challenges related to permitting, engineering, logistics, and financing of an offshore wind farm in the Great Lakes.
- ORTECH has been appointed project manager and discusses the project schedule, permitting process, engineering considerations like soil testing and foundation design, turbine selection, marine transport and installation logistics, operation and maintenance planning, and financing.
Proposal for a 2MW fspv system and e-transportAnkit Singh
This document provides details on a proposed floating solar photovoltaic (FSPV) system and electric rickshaw charging facility for a smart city in India. It includes sections on motivation, methodology, system details, cost estimation, and conclusion. The FSPV system would be 2 megawatts located on a southern water body and provide electricity to charge 20 electric rickshaws. The estimated cost is 33.5 crore rupees with an 18 year payback period. The proposal aims to make the city more sustainable and energy independent.
17. NECS 2016 _ Energy_ Evolving power situation and investment opportunities...FICCINorthEast
Presentation made at 3rd Northeast Connectivity Summit on Evolving power situation and investment opportunities by Mr.S. K. Rakesh, Principal Secretary, Power, Govt of Tripura
Financial viability of solar power plant in Tamil NaduIshan Rohit
This document analyzes the financial viability of solar power plants in Tamil Nadu, India. It finds that a 1 MW solar photovoltaic plant has a net present value of Rs. 22.29 crore and an internal rate of return of 12.93%, while a similar sized solar thermal plant has a higher NPV of Rs. 43.60 crore and IRR of 15.46%. For a 3 MW plant, the photovoltaic option yields an NPV of Rs. 71.67 crore and IRR of 13.07%, compared to Rs. 137.81 crore and 15.67% for the thermal option. Overall, the analysis finds that solar thermal plants currently have stronger financial
This document discusses the performance of solar power plants. It begins with an introduction to solar photovoltaics and India's solar potential. The objectives are to estimate performance at different locations, assess module degradation, and recommend improvements. The methodology involves collecting output data from existing plants. Key factors that affect performance are discussed, such as radiation levels, temperature, losses, and module degradation over time. Performance is defined by the capacity utilization factor. The document recommends software to estimate power generation and concludes that solar will play an important role in energy supply as technology improves and costs decrease.
This seminar report summarizes lightning protection systems for wind turbines. It discusses the types of wind turbines, including horizontal axis and vertical axis turbines. It also describes the effects of lightning and how it can damage structures. The report outlines critical elements for blade lightning protection systems, including low-impedance conductors and permanent connections. It also discusses receptor attachment and existing lightning protection standards. The report provides an overview of wind turbine protection components and grounding practices.
This document outlines the objectives, outcomes, syllabus, and introduction for a course on power electronics for renewable energy systems.
The course objectives are to understand the importance of renewable energy generation, operating modes of solar and wind systems, and power converters for renewables. The outcomes are that students will be able to design and analyze electrical generators and power converters for renewables, and interpret applications in wind and solar systems.
The syllabus covers electrical machines for energy conversion, solar and wind energy systems, power converters, analysis of wind and PV systems, and hybrid renewable energy systems. Topic areas include electrical generators, solar cells, wind turbines, inverters, grid integration, and maximum power point tracking.
The
Sizing Optimization of Stand-Alone Wind Power System Using Hybrid Energy Stor...ijsrd.com
In this study, the hydrogen production potential and costs by using wind/electrolysis system were considered. In order to evaluate costs and quantities of produced hydrogen, number of wind-turbines and hub heights are considered as the variable Levelized cost of electricity method was used in order to determine the cost analysis of wind energy and hydrogen production. The results of calculations brought out that the electricity costs of the wind turbines and hydrogen production costs of the electrolyzers are decreased with the increase of turbine hub height. The maximum hydrogen production quantity was obtained 1420KWh/year.
Team Nile conducted a feasibility study for Avista Corporation to analyze solutions for closing three transmission lines in the Big Bend area. They used PowerWorld simulator to test designs under heavy summer and high transfer load cases. For the high transfer case, Team Nile proposed three solutions: the most expensive option involving extensive new transmission lines and substations; the least expensive focusing on reconductoring and capacitor/reactor banks; and the most cost-effective option. They analyzed each design's ability to prevent overloads during contingency scenarios and produced cost analyses for Avista.
Impact of wind power on power system operationLeonardo ENERGY
The document discusses wind energy integration into power systems. It covers dynamic modeling of wind turbines, aggregated wind power time series analysis for Belgium, and indicators for quantifying the value of wind energy. Key findings include wind power capacity factors of 20-31%, capacity credit reductions of 10-30% of installed capacity, and potential 4% reduction in CO2 emissions from wind power equal to 5% of peak demand. The document concludes wind power brings technical and value assessment challenges but can provide 700+ MW of clean energy for Belgium's power system.
Pay back period and cost base analysis of solar PV LanternMalik Sameeullah
Financial analysis tool is used to find out the financial feasibility of solar Photo voltaic Lantern. Topic used simple financial tool with self explanatory formula and explain financial analysis of SPV lantern. It is easy to understand the financial analysis specially for beginner.
Solar Energy Analytics Using Internet of ThingsAMOGHA A K
*Extracting usable electricity from sun.
*Conversion of light energy into DC.
*Used in remote areas as placement of electric lines are not viable.
*Solar based system connected to IoT.
*Easy access of data.
The document discusses the emergence of hybrid renewable energy systems as solar power becomes more cost competitive with wind. Hybrid systems that combine solar, wind, and energy storage are positioned to lead the scaling up of renewable electricity generation due to improved reliability and cost savings. Demonstration projects around the world are testing hybrid systems, with examples including large solar plants integrated with battery storage, wind farms with battery storage, and solar-wind hybrid plants. Hybrid systems offer advantages over traditional renewable plants like lower generation costs, higher reliability, and increased operational flexibility.
Must hybrid power generation station {wind turbine(hawt)&solar (pv)}Mohammed Ahmed Ramadan
This document contains the graduation project of four mechanical engineering students on the design of a hybrid power generation system combining wind turbines and solar PV. It includes 7 chapters that cover renewable energy sources, the design of a 5kW horizontal axis wind turbine using blade element theory and CFD, the design of a 600kW solar PV plant, the construction of a physical model, and the analysis of augmenting the wind turbine with a diffuser. The chapters include descriptions of the design process, calculations, simulation results, and diagrams of the system components. The overall aim is to develop an optimized hybrid power system for clean energy production.
The document provides information about the Power Plant Engineering syllabus including objectives, units covered, outcomes, textbooks and references. It includes:
1) An overview of the 5 units - coal based thermal power plants, diesel/gas turbine/combined cycle power plants, nuclear power plants, renewable energy power plants, and energy/economic/environmental issues.
2) Details of the topics covered in each unit, class periods allotted, textbooks referenced.
3) Sample questions from previous years' exams and objectives/importance of studying the subject.
The syllabus aims to provide an overview of different power plant types and the role of mechanical engineers. Students will understand various power generation methods and analyze related energy/
The document discusses floating solar power plants and their advantages over land-based solar. It provides details on the components of floating PV systems including the floating structure, mooring system, PV system, and underwater cables. Performance data is presented from two floating PV plants installed in South Korea showing 10.3% higher efficiency than land-based systems. The document also outlines government initiatives and policies in India to promote renewable energy including solar, as well as the financial modeling considerations for setting up floating solar PV plants.
IMPROVING ELECTRIC VEHICLE PERFORMANCE USING PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLSHemantJangid20
This ppt represents the results of measuring the range and performance of the Electric vehicles as an alternative solution for fossil fuels based on previous work. It also presents the same measured parameters for the photovoltaic cells. A comparison between the two models has been done. It demonstrates a dynamic model of an electric vehicle and photovoltaic cell using the SIMULINK in MATLAB program.
1. The document summarizes a case study of a 3 MW grid-connected solar photovoltaic power plant in Kolar, Karnataka.
2. Key details include the plant's technical specifications, performance in 2010 including energy generated and sold to the grid, and operational and maintenance issues faced.
3. Analysis of the plant's performance found good module performance but reduced generation due to inverter issues, with efficiency more sensitive to temperature than solar radiation.
Solar Panel Installation And Maintenance PowerPoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
World is moving towards a sustainable future and renewable energy is playing a vital role in achieving that goal. There are various sources of renewable energy but solar energy is dominant when it comes to meet both industrial and residential energy demand at low cost. This presentation will benefit the manufacturing organization that wants to optimize their energy consumption and electricity bill cost by shifting to solar energy. The presentation includes sections namely energy consumption analysis that will help the firm in defining its current electricity composition by resource, its daily, monthly and annual energy utilization rate, share of electricity demand in current year, energy star rating of current appliances and machineries and monthly electricity bill of the plant. Issues we are currently facing section will highlight the current challenges faced by the manufacturer in terms of machine downtime, energy consumption and Co2 emission. Firm can illustrate various solution along with their cost overview to counter their current challenges with help of Available solutions to counter energy issues section. Solar system overview section will help the firm in providing overview about solar system types and its applications along with system workflow. Permission and regulatory key considerations section will help the manufacturer to describe the essential permission and regulatory key consideration required for solar system installation. Manufacturer can provide detailed specification about the project, it objective and expected outcomes with the help of Project description and specifications section. Manufacturer can ensure the best quality of solar panels, mounting structure and inverter with decision making checklist for solar project section. Estimated cost of solar project section will shed a light on total cost required to install solar system. Implementation schedule will help the firm in illustrating the different stages to install solar system. Maintenance plan and schedule section will help the organization in maintaining the solar panel and inverter health. Manufacturer can portrays the stats of plant capacity per annum and electricity bill saving with impact on performance section. Risk and mitigation strategies section will help the manufacturer in illustrating possible risk that may occur during solar system installation and right measures to overcome them. Company can portray possible challenges that may arise while opting for solar energy and solution to overcome them with the help of barriers and solutions for solar energy application section. Finally, performance tracking dashboard will help the manufacturer in tracking plant electricity consumption, solar production and export to grid. https://bit.ly/2MP2gfF
Presentation from the New Mexico Regional Energy Storage & Grid Integration Workshop: Optimized Integration of PV with Battery Storage: A Real World Success Story, presented by Jon Hawkins, PNM
A case study in offshore wind farm project managementmtingle
The document discusses the Wolfe Island Shoals offshore wind farm project in Lake Ontario, Canada. Some key points:
- It will be a 300 MW offshore wind facility costing $1.5 billion Canadian dollars.
- It faces special challenges related to permitting, engineering, logistics, and financing of an offshore wind farm in the Great Lakes.
- ORTECH has been appointed project manager and discusses the project schedule, permitting process, engineering considerations like soil testing and foundation design, turbine selection, marine transport and installation logistics, operation and maintenance planning, and financing.
Proposal for a 2MW fspv system and e-transportAnkit Singh
This document provides details on a proposed floating solar photovoltaic (FSPV) system and electric rickshaw charging facility for a smart city in India. It includes sections on motivation, methodology, system details, cost estimation, and conclusion. The FSPV system would be 2 megawatts located on a southern water body and provide electricity to charge 20 electric rickshaws. The estimated cost is 33.5 crore rupees with an 18 year payback period. The proposal aims to make the city more sustainable and energy independent.
17. NECS 2016 _ Energy_ Evolving power situation and investment opportunities...FICCINorthEast
Presentation made at 3rd Northeast Connectivity Summit on Evolving power situation and investment opportunities by Mr.S. K. Rakesh, Principal Secretary, Power, Govt of Tripura
Financial viability of solar power plant in Tamil NaduIshan Rohit
This document analyzes the financial viability of solar power plants in Tamil Nadu, India. It finds that a 1 MW solar photovoltaic plant has a net present value of Rs. 22.29 crore and an internal rate of return of 12.93%, while a similar sized solar thermal plant has a higher NPV of Rs. 43.60 crore and IRR of 15.46%. For a 3 MW plant, the photovoltaic option yields an NPV of Rs. 71.67 crore and IRR of 13.07%, compared to Rs. 137.81 crore and 15.67% for the thermal option. Overall, the analysis finds that solar thermal plants currently have stronger financial
This document discusses the performance of solar power plants. It begins with an introduction to solar photovoltaics and India's solar potential. The objectives are to estimate performance at different locations, assess module degradation, and recommend improvements. The methodology involves collecting output data from existing plants. Key factors that affect performance are discussed, such as radiation levels, temperature, losses, and module degradation over time. Performance is defined by the capacity utilization factor. The document recommends software to estimate power generation and concludes that solar will play an important role in energy supply as technology improves and costs decrease.
This seminar report summarizes lightning protection systems for wind turbines. It discusses the types of wind turbines, including horizontal axis and vertical axis turbines. It also describes the effects of lightning and how it can damage structures. The report outlines critical elements for blade lightning protection systems, including low-impedance conductors and permanent connections. It also discusses receptor attachment and existing lightning protection standards. The report provides an overview of wind turbine protection components and grounding practices.
This document outlines the objectives, outcomes, syllabus, and introduction for a course on power electronics for renewable energy systems.
The course objectives are to understand the importance of renewable energy generation, operating modes of solar and wind systems, and power converters for renewables. The outcomes are that students will be able to design and analyze electrical generators and power converters for renewables, and interpret applications in wind and solar systems.
The syllabus covers electrical machines for energy conversion, solar and wind energy systems, power converters, analysis of wind and PV systems, and hybrid renewable energy systems. Topic areas include electrical generators, solar cells, wind turbines, inverters, grid integration, and maximum power point tracking.
The
Sizing Optimization of Stand-Alone Wind Power System Using Hybrid Energy Stor...ijsrd.com
In this study, the hydrogen production potential and costs by using wind/electrolysis system were considered. In order to evaluate costs and quantities of produced hydrogen, number of wind-turbines and hub heights are considered as the variable Levelized cost of electricity method was used in order to determine the cost analysis of wind energy and hydrogen production. The results of calculations brought out that the electricity costs of the wind turbines and hydrogen production costs of the electrolyzers are decreased with the increase of turbine hub height. The maximum hydrogen production quantity was obtained 1420KWh/year.
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The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This document provides information about solar energy. It defines key solar energy terms like solar constant, solar time, and solar collector. It describes the different types of solar collectors as well as the basic designs of solar cookers. The performance indices and applications of solar photovoltaic systems are outlined. The advantages and disadvantages of concentrating solar collectors versus flat plate collectors are compared. Overall, the document covers the fundamentals of harnessing and utilizing solar energy.
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This document outlines the course contents for Power Engineering II at Ahmadu Bello University. The course covers various energy sources including conventional sources like fossil fuels and renewable sources. It also covers topics like load forecasting, principles of steam and hydro plants, and economic operation of power plants. The document provides details on different types of power plants including coal-fired, gas turbine, combined cycle, and advanced coal gasification plants. Flow diagrams illustrate the working of these various power generation technologies.
Investigating The Performance of A Steam Power PlantIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The performance analysis of Shobra El-Khima power plant in Cairo, Egypt is presented based on energy and exergy analysis to determine the causes , the sites with high exergy destruction , losses and the possibilities of improving the plant performance. The performance of the plant was evaluated at different loads (Full, 75% and, 50 %). The calculated thermal efficiency based on the heat added to the steam was found to be 41.9 %, 41.7 %, 43.9% , while the exergetic efficiency of the power cycle was found to be 44.8%, 45.5% and 48.8% at max, 75% and, 50 % load respectively. The condenser was found to have the largest energy losses where (54.3%, 55.1% and 56.3% at max, 75% and, 50 % load respectively) of the added energy to the steam is lost to the environment. The maximum exergy destruction was found to be in the turbine where the percentage of the exergy destruction was found to be (42%, 59% and 46.1% at max, 75% and, 50 % load respectively). The pump was found to have the minimum exergy destruction. It was also found that the exergy destruction in feed water heaters and in the condenser together represents the maximum exergy destruction in the plant (about 52%). This means that the irreversibilities in the heat transfer devices in the plant have a significant role on the exergy destruction. So, it is thought that the improvement in the power plant will be limited due to the heat transfer devices.
Dr. P. Badari Narayana MGIT unit i intro 2 sources of powerbadarinp
This document provides an overview of renewable energy sources for an undergraduate course. It discusses the global and national energy scenario, the need for renewable energy sources, and the development and types of renewable energy sources. It also covers renewable electricity generation, climate change, the carbon reduction potential of renewable energy, and the concept of hybrid energy systems. Specific renewable sources discussed include solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biofuels. Limitations and advantages of different renewable technologies are also summarized.
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This document provides an overview of an Energy Engineering course focused on thermal power plants. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
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training report on thermal power plant & thermal power generation by sagar me...Sagar Mehta
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Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Conservation 2 markspdf
1. LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 1
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES & ENERGY
CONSERVATION
Prepared By
U. ARAVIND, B.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI, TUTICORIN.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
NAME :
YEAR & SEC :
ROLL NUMBER :
2. LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 2
PART – C
Unit – 1
1. Explain the Classifications of Energy Resources
2. Explain the importance of Renewable Energy Sources
3. Explain the working, Advantages & Disadvantages of Horizontal Axis & Vertical Axis Wind
turbine
4. Explain the Energy Storage & Safety system of the wind energy conversion
5. Explain the Applications of wind energy
Unit – 2
1. Compare the Flat Plate Collector & Concentrating Collector
2. Explain the solar thermal electric power plant
3. Explain with neat sketch about any two Solar radiation measuring instrument
4. With neat sketch, Explain the Box type Solar cooker & Solar distillation
5. Briefly explain the working principle of solar water heater
Unit – 3
1. Explain the construction , working , Advantages , Disadvantages & Applications of Solar PV
system
2. Explain the types of Solar Cell & Solar PV Cells
3. Explain about Ocean Thermal Electric Conversion (OTEC) system briefly.
4. Explain the Components & Operation of Tidal Power Plant
5. Explain Wave Energy Conversion Devices.
Unit – 4
1. Write about Biomass Conversion Technologies
2. Explain the Construction & Working of Floating Drum Biogas plant
3. Explain the Construction & Working of Fixed Dome Biogas plant
4. Explain Updraft & Downdraft Gasifier
5. Explain the Ethanol production from biomass
Unit – 5
1. Explain the Various Energy Audit Instruments
2. Define Energy Audit. & Briefly explain the types of energy audit
3. What is Energy Conservation? & Write the Principles and Importance of Energy
Conservation?
4. Explain the Waste Heat Recovery System & its Applications and Devices
5. Write the ways of improving Boiler Efficiency
6. Write the Energy Conservation Approaches for Compressed Air & Pumps.
3. LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 3
PART A & B
UNIT - I
1. What is energy? (Oct 13)
• Energy is defined as Ability to do work.
2. What is primary energy? (apr15)
• Energy sources which provide a net supply of
energy are called primary energy.
3. What are primary energy sources? (oct16)
• Coal
• Natural Gas
• Oil
• Nuclear Energy are primary energy sources.
4. List out any two conventional energy sources.
(apr16)(apr14)
• Fossil fuel energy
• Hydraulic energy
• Nuclear energy
5. What are the common forms of energy?
(oct15)(apr16)(oct16)
• Mechanical energy
• Electrical energy
• Chemical energy
• Heat energy
• Nuclear energy
6. List out any two non-conventional energy sources.
(oct13) (oct15)(apr14)
• Solar energy, tidal energy, wind energy
7. State any two merits of non-conventional energy
sources. (apr16)
• Less environment impact than fossil fuel.
• It can be used without depleting.
8. State any two de-merits of conventional energy
sources. (oct15)
• Very costly production cost.
• Cause of global warming, Greenhouse Effect,
Acid rain Etc...
9. What is meant by conventional energy? (oct15)
• Energy that has been used from ancient times
is known as conventional energy.
10. List any two salient features of non-conventional
energy sources.
• It can be used without depleting it.
• Renewable energy is environmental friendly.
11. Give examples for fossil fuels. (oct15)
• Coal, natural gas, petroleum.
12. What is relationship energy consumption and
standard of living?
• The more energy people consume, the more
their standard of living improved.
13. What are products obtained from crude
petroleum?
• Petroleum gas, Petrol ,Kerosene, Diesel oil
• Residual oil (Lubrication oil, paraffin wax,
asphalt)
• Fuel oil for boiler & furnace
14. What is energy density of fuel? (apr16)(apr17)
• A measure of the amount of energy stored in a
given volume or mass (weight) of that fuel.
Unit is KJ/KG
15. What is energy density value of petrol & diesel?
• Petrol: 46900 KJ/KG
• Diesel: 45800KJ/KG
16. What are renewable energy sources?
• The source of energy which are being
produced continuously in nature and are
Inexhaustible are called renewable source of
energy (or) non-conventional energy.
17. What is the potential of wind energy and solar
power in India?
According To Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy
Sources,
• Wind: 45000 MW
• Solar: 20MW/Sq.Km these are the potential of
wind energy and solar power in India.
18. What is energy conservation?
(apr15)(oct16)(apr17)(apr14)
• Energy conservation is the reduction of energy
consumption without affecting the quantity or
quality of the production
19. List any two methods of conserving energy.
• Be less dependent on your heating and air
conditioning units.
• Replace old light bulbs with energy saving
fluorescent bulbs.
• Turn off all electronic devices that are not in
use.
20. What is meant by energy chain? (oct16)(apr17)
• The sequence of energy transformations
between primary and secondary energy.
4. LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 4
21. What is wind energy? (oct15)
• Wind energy is type of energy derived from
kinetic energy of air.
22. What is wind data? (oct15)(oct16)(apr17)
• For estimating the wind energy potential of a
site, data collected from Site is known as wins
data.
23. State any two applications of wind energy
(oct13)(apr13)(apr16)
• Grid-connected power generation
➢ Water pumping
➢ Telecommunications
➢ Weather stations
➢ Air-traffic control
24. List out any two advantages of wind energy.
(oct12)(apr15)(apr16)
• Renewable energy
• Reduces fossil fuels consumption
• Less air and water pollution
25. List out any two disadvantages of wind energy.
(apr13)
• Noise disturbances
• Threat to wildlife
• Wind speed can never be predicted
26. What is wind rose?
• Wind rose is a map diagram that summarizes
information about the wind at a particular
location over a specified time period
27. What is the use of wind rose?
• Wind rose used by meteorologists gives the
percentage of the time the wind blows from
each direction during the observation period
28. What is anemometer?
• The instrument used to measure wind speed is
called an anemometer
29. What is the use of anemometer?
• It is used to measure the wind speed.
30. What are essential components of a wind electric
generator?
• Major components of wind electric generator
are Tower, Rotor, Gear box, Generator, Safety
systems
31. What is nacelle?
• It is a cover to product wind turbine
components on the tower.
32. Name the type of wind turbine.
(oct13)(oct15)(oct16)(apr14)
• Horizontal axis wind turbines
• Vertical axis wind turbine
33. What are advantages of horizontal axis wind
turbine?
• The tall tower base allows access to stronger
wind
• High efficiency and increase in power output
34%
34. Name type of vertical axis wind turbine.
• Darrieus wind turbine
• Savonius wind turbine
35. What are advantages of vertical axis wind
turbine?
• No yaw mechanisms is needed
• VAWTs may be built at locations where taller
structures are prohibited
36. What are environmental impacts of wind
turbine?
• Bird deaths
• Climate change
37. What are safety hazards in wind turbine?
• Electric shock
• Throwing ice in polar countries
• Tower collapse
• Affecting radar and radio signals
• Public health issues
• Blade failure
38. What are sources of risk in wind turbine
operation?
• Blade ejection
• Tower collapse
• Hazardous weather conditions
• Oil spills
• Ice shedding
39. Name safety devices used in wind turbine.
(apr15)(apr16)(apr17)
• Vibration sensor
• Electronic thermometers
• Aerodynamic breaking system
• Mechanical braking system
40. What is meant by energy for sustainable
development? (apr13)
• A substantial reduction in resource
consumption and emission of pollutant is
essential for the development of sustainable
human society
5. LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 5
41. What is the function of wind mill? (oct12)
• Wind mill converts kinetic energy of air into
mechanical energy
42. What are the factors that determine power in the
wind? (oct12)
• The wind speed
• The cross section of the windswept by rotor
• The overall conversion efficiency of the rotor,
transmission system, generator or pump
43. What are the disadvantages of vertical axis wind
machine? (oct15)
• power output is low
• It makes more noise
44. What are the forces acting on the wind turbine
blades? (apr14)(apr17)
• Axial force
• Circumferential Force
45. What are the factors to be considered while
selecting site for wind mill? (oct16)
• Ground surface should be stable
• Low cost of land
• Wind speed
• Wind velocity
46. Classification of generating system (oct16)
• Constant speed –constant frequency system
• Variable speed –constant frequency system
• Variable speed – variable frequency system
47. What are the importance of Renewable energy
(Apr14)(apr17)
• It is renewable by nature again and again
• It will not pollute the environment
• Reduction in use of fossil fuels
48. What are the disadvantages of Horizontal Axis
Wind Turbine (HAWT)? (Apr17)
• Complex design
• Complex yaw mechanism
• High cost wind turbine
49. What are the classifications of energy sources?
(Apr14)
Energy Resources
1.Based on Usability
• Primary energy resources
• Secondary energy resources
2. Based on Traditional use
• Conventional energy resources
• Non- Conventional energy resources
3. Based on long term Availability
• Non-renewable resources
• Renewable resources
4. Based on Commercial Applications
• Commercial energy resources
• Non- Commercial energy resources
5. Based on origin
• Solar energy
• Tidal energy
• Nuclear energy
50. What is the classification of wind energy
conversion system (apr14)
1. Based on axis of rotation
a. Horizontal axis machine
b. Vertical axis machine
2. Based on the size
a. Small size machine
b. Medium size machine
c. Large size machine
3. Based on the type of output power
a. DC output machine
b. AC output machine
4. Based on rotational speed
a. Constant speed with variable pitch blade
b. Variable speed with fixed pitch plate
5. Based on the utilization of output
a. Battery storage
b. Thermal potential storage
UNIT – II
1. Define solar energy.
• Energy from the sun is called solar energy.
2. What is diffuse radiation?
• Diffuse radiation is that solar radiation
received from the sun its direction has been
changed by reflection & scattering by the
atmosphere.
3. What is global radiation?
• The sum of the direct beam radiation and
diffuse radiation flux is referred to as total or
global radiation.
4. Mention any two instrument used for
measurements of solar radiation.
(Apr13)(Apr14)(oct15)(Oct16)(Apr17)
• Pyranometer
• Pyrheliometer
• Sunshine Recorder
5. What are the applications of solar energy?
(Oct13)(Apr14)(Apr16)
6. LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 6
• Heating and cooling of residential building.
• Solar water heating.
• Solar Furnace
6. What is the function of solar energy collectors?
(Oct12)(oct15)(oct16)
• A solar collector is a device for collecting solar
radiation and transfers the energy to fluid
passing in contact with it.
7. Classify the type’s solar collectors.
Energy (Apr13) (Apr16)
• Non –concentrating (or) flat plate solar
collector.
• Concentrating (focusing) types solar collector.
8. Compare flat plate collectors and concentrating
type collector.
Flat plate collector Concentrating type
collector
It is less efficient solar
collector
It is the most powerful type
of collector
Maximum temperature of
fluid is
300°C
Fluid temperature up to
around 5000° C can be
achieved
It can be used in water
heating
It can be used in solar
furnaces and solar power
plants
9. What is the uses solar furnace?
• Solar furnace is a structure that captures
sunlight to produce high temperature usably for
industries.
10. What is solar cooker? (Apr17)
• Solar cooker is a device which uses the energy
of direct sun light to heat, cook the food.
11. What are the different types of solar cooker?
• Flat plate box type
• Multi reflector type
• Parabolic disc concentrator type
12. What are the limitations of solar cooker?
• Cooking time is more
• It has to cook accordingly to the sun shine
13. What are the components of solar water heater?
• Solar hot water collector
• Hot water tank
• Pumps & controller
14. What is the importance of solar cooker?
• Solar cooking is simplest, safest, most
convenient way to cook food without fuels.
15. What is solar pond? (Apr15)
• Solar pond is a pool of salt water which acts as
large scale solar thermal energy collector with
integral heat storage for supplying thermal
energy.
16. Name three zones in solar pond.
• Upper convective zone
• Non convective zone
• Lower convective zone
17. List any two advantages of solar pond.
• It has very large heat collection area at low
cost.
• Heat storage is massive, so no batteries or
other storages needed.
18. What is the purpose of solar greenhouse? (oct12)
(Apr14))Apr15)
• A Greenhouse is a structure covered with
transparent materials that utilizes solar energy
to grow plants
• Greenhouse provides crop cultivation under the
controlled environment
19. What is the purpose of solar distillation?
(Apr13)(Apr15)
• The device which produces pure water by
using solar energy is called Solar distillation
• Solar distillation is used for water purification
by means of heat & solar radiation.
20. What is distributed solar collector?
• Individual solar collector modules
interconnected to a single power producing
unit by means of a heat transfer medium. This
is known as distributed solar collector.
21. What is solar radiation? (oct12)
• Due its temperature, sun emits energy in the
form of electromagnetic waves which is called
as radiation energy.
•
UNIT – III
1. What are ocean energy resources? (oct13)(apr14)
Ocean energy resources includes
• Tidal Energy
• Wave Energy
• Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
Diffuse radiation + Beam
radiation = Global Radiation
or Solar Radiation
7. LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 7
2. Define ocean energy. (oct16)
• The movement of water in the oceans creates a
vast storage of kinetic energy is called ocean
energy.
3. What is ocean thermal energy?
(oct12)(Apr15)(apr16)
• Sun’s heat warms the surface of the water more
than deep ocean water, due to this temperature
difference thermal energy occurs. This is
known as ocean thermal energy.
4. What is the working principle of ocean thermal
energy?
• Ocean thermal energy works in principle of
thermal conductivity, where surface water as
heat source and deep cold water as heat sink
due to this temperature difference ocean
thermal energy occurs.
5. List two advantages of ocean thermal energy.
(oct13)
• It will not pollute environment.
• This energy is produce all around the year in
any climate.
6. What are limitations of ocean thermal energy?
• It has lower capacity, need more technical
improvement for higher energy
• Production capacity.
• Power production depends on size and
geographical area of the power plant.
7. What are types of OTEC systems?
• Closed cycle systems
• Open cycle systems
• Hybrid systems
8. What are working fluids in OTEC? (oct16)
OTEC working fluids are,
• Ammonia
• Fluorinated carbons such as CFCS &HCFCs
• Pentane
9. What is tidal energy? (oct15)(apr16)
• Tidal energy is a form of hydropower that
converts the energy of tides into useful forms
of power mainly electricity.
10. List out any two merits of tidal energy. (oct16)
• It is inexhaustible sources of energy.
• The life of tidal energy power plant is very
long.
• The energy density of tidal energy is higher
than renewable energy.
11. State any two limitations of tidal energy.
(oct15)(apr17)
• The high and low tides must reach16 feet.
• Construction cost is high.
• Limited availability of sites.
12. What is meant by wave machines?
• The device which is used to convert wave
energy into mechanical energy called wave
machines.
13. List out wave energy conversion device.
(oct15)(apr16)
• Oscillating water column
• Tapchan
• Pendulor device (or) dolphin type device.
14. Define photo voltaic effect. (oct16)
• A solar cell is a solid state electrical device that
converts the energy of light directly into
electricity is known as photovoltaic effect.
15. What is the function of solar photo voltaic system?
(oct15)
• Solar water heater circulation pumps.
• Earth quake monitoring systems.
16. List out any two types of solar cells.
(Apr13)(oct15)(oct16)
• Single crystal silicon cell
• Polycrystal silicon cell
• Ribbon silicon cell
• Amorphous silicon cell
17. What are the different applications of solar photo
voltaic system in rural area?
(Apr14)(oct12)(oct13)(Apr15) (apr16)
• Lighting and power supplies for remote
villages.
• Street lighting.
• Mini grids.
18. How are tides produced? Or what is the basic
principle of tidal energy? (oct12)(apr14)(apr17)
• The tide rise and fall of the water is
accomplished by periodic horizontal to and
from motion of water called tidal currents. The
tidal currents flow in horizontal direction and
have kinetic energy. This energy is called tidal
current energy.
19. What is OTEC? (Apr13)(apr17)
• OTEC is the abbreviation of Ocean Thermal
Energy Conversion
20. What is spring tide? (Apr13)
8. LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 8
• The tidal spring is maximum on full moon and
new moon and such tides are called spring
tides.
21. What is the principle of solar PV system? (oct13)
• An electric field is created near the top surface
of the cell where these two terminals are
contact, called the PV junction. When
sunlight’s strikes the surface of the PV cell this
electric field provides momentum and direction
to light stimulated electrons. It results in a flow
of current when the solar cell is connected to
an electric load.
UNIT – IV
1. What are the applications of Bio-Energy?
• Converting biomass into liquid fuels for
transportation.
• Burning biomass directly, or converting it into
a gaseous fuel or oil, to generate electricity.
• Converting biomass into chemicals for making
products that typically are made from
petroleum.
2. What is Bio-Mass? (oct15)
• Biomass is biological material derived from
living, or recently living organisms.
3. Give examples for biomass.
• Wood, waste, aquatic plants and crops,
biodiesel, bio ethanol, Producer gas are
examples for biomass.
4. Define Photosynthesis.
(Apr13)(Apr14)(apr16)(apr17)
• Photosynthesis is a chemical process that
converts carbon dioxide into organic
Compounds by means of sugars, using energy
from sunlight.
• 6H2O + 6O2 C6H12O6 + 6O2
5. What are Bio-Mass resources?
(Apr13)(Apr14)(oct16)(apr17)
• Pulp & paper (industry residues)
• Timber, wood etc..(forest residue)
• Leaves, wheat straw, rice straw ( agricultural
residue)
• Saw dust, trunks, wood pallets (urban wood
waste)
• Wheat grass, switch grass, bamboo (energy
crop waste)
6. What are advantages of biomass?
• It reduces climate change by reducing
greenhouse gas emission.
• Biomass crop consumes carbon dioxide and
produce oxygen.
• Easy availability and produce as renewable
resources.
7. What are energy recovery methods from urban
waste? Or what are the biomass conversion
technologies? (Apr14)(apr15)(apr16)
• Thermal conversion
• Biochemical method
• Thermo-chemical method
• Electrochemical method
8. What is pyrolysis?
• Pyrolysis is a process of chemical
decomposition of organic matter by means of
heat.
9. What is biomass gasification? (Apr15)(apr17)
• It is a thermo chemical process which converts
biomass materials into gaseous components.
10. What is biogas?(apr15)
• Biological breakdown of organic matter in the
absence of oxygen is known as Biogas.
11. Write the composition of biogas.
The compositions of biogas are follows,
• Methane (CH4) :40-70%
• Carbon dioxide (CO2):30-60%
• Hydrogen (H2): 0-1%
• Hydrogen sulfide(H2S):0-3%
12. What are types of biogas plants?
(Oct13)(apr13)(Apr14)(apr17)
• Floating-drum plants
• Fixed-dome plants
13. List out two advantages of floating drum biogas
plant.
• Construction is easy.
• Low cost.
14. List out two advantages of fixed-dome biogas
plants.
• No moving parts involved.
• Low initial cost.
• Long life span.
15. State any two application of Bio-gas plant.
(Apr13)(Apr15)(oct16)
Applications of Bio-gas plant are follows,
• Domestic cooking.
• Drying grains in agriculture.
• IC engines
• Fuel Cells
9. LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 9
16. What is biodiesel? (Oct12)(oct13)(oct15)
• Biodiesel is a renewable fuel produced from
vegetable oils and animal fat.
17. List out the advantages of biodiesel. (oct16)
• It is a clean burning fuel.
• It is safe compared to other fossil fuel.
• It does not emit toxic emissions.
18. What is biodiesel feedstock?
• Biodiesel is made from soya bean oil, Recycled
cooking oil, Animal fats, other vegetable oils
like coconut oil etc…
19. What is thermo chemical process? (Oct12)
• This process converts biomass into a more
valuable or convenient product known as
pyrolysis.
20. What is gasification? (oct12)(oct13)(apr16)
• The word gasification implies converting a
solid or liquid into a gaseous fuel without
leaving any solid carbonaceous residue
21. What are all the liquid forms of biomass fuel?
(oct15)
• Bio diesel
• Bio ethanol
22. What is meant by biomass liquefaction? (oct15)
Biomass liquefaction mainly takes place through two
routes
• Liquefaction through pyrolysis process without
any gasification medium
• Liquefaction through methanol synthesis with
gasification medium
23. State the types of Gasifier
• Downdraft type
• Updraft type
• Cross draft type
UNIT – V
1. Define Energy management
• The judicious and effective use of energy to
maximize profits and enhance competitive
position
2. Define Energy Audit
• The verification, monitoring and analysis of
use of energy including submission of
technical report containing recommendations
for improving energy efficiency with cost
benefit analysis and an action plan to reduce
energy consumption
3. What are the factors to be considered while
performing the bench marking?
• Scale of operation
• Vintage of technology
• Raw materials specifications and quality
• Product specifications and quality
4. What are the parameters of Bench Marking?
5. What are the types of Energy Audit?
6. What is plant energy performance (PEP)?
• PEP is the measure of whether a plant is
now using more or less energy to
manufacture its products than it did in the
past.
PEP =
(𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐘𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐭 – 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫’𝐬 𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲)
(𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐘𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐭
×𝟏𝟎𝟎
7. Define Production factor.
Production factor =
𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐘𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐘𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Energy Audit
Bench Marking Parameters
Equipment or Utility related
• kW/ton of
refrigeration (Air
conditioning plant)
• kWh/litre in a
diesel power
generation plant
Gross Production related
• kWh/MT clinker or
cement produced
(cement plant)
• kWh/kg yarn
produced (textile
unit)
Preliminary
Energy Audit
Detailed Energy
Audit
Phase I – Pre
Audit Phase
Phase II –
Audit Phase
Phase III – Post
Audit Phase
10. LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 10
8. What is meant by Fuel Substitution?
• Substituting the existing fossil fuels with more
efficient and less cost and less polluting fuel
such as natural gas , biogas.
• Example: Kerosene & LPG have substituted
soft coke in residential use
9. What are the ways of reducing Energy
Dependency?
• Energy Conservation & Energy Substitution
10. Give examples of energy substitution
• Replacement of electric heaters by steam
heaters
• Replacement of steam based hot water by solar
system
11. What are the characteristics of Good Energy
Audit Instruments?
• Portable & Durable
• Easy to operate
• Inexpensive
12. Write any five names of Energy Audit
Instruments?
• Electrical measuring instrument
• Combustion Analyzer
• Lux meter
• Leak Detectors
• Fyrite
13. What is meant by Energy Conservation?
• Energy conservation is the reduction of energy
consumption without affecting the quantity or
quality of the production
14. What are the aspects of energy conservation?
• Economic Aspects
• Environmental Aspects
• Conservation of non-renewable energy aspects
15. Write the principles of energy conservation?
• Recycling of waste
• Modernization of technology
• Waste heat utilization
• Proper house keeping
• Use proper type of energy & fuel
• Cogeneration
• Proper operation and maintenance
16. Define Cogeneration
• A procedure for generating electric power and
useful heat in a single installation unit is
known as cogeneration
• It is used to increase the efficiency of fuel
utilization
17. What is meant by combine cycle plant?
• In combined cycle plant, electric power is
produced using two heat engines in tandem as
prime movers. The heat discharged from one
heat engine is not wasted into the atmosphere
but serves as the sources for the next heat
engine.
18. Draw the T-S diagram of the combined cycle
power plant.
`
19. List out the energy management techniques?
• Analysis of Input
• Reuse of waste
• Recycling of waste
• Reduce cost
• Reduce carbon
• Reduce risk
20. What is the difference between Recycling of waste
& Reuse of waste?
• Reuse is a
action of using
something again to
fulfill its original
purpose or different
function
• Recycling
is the process of
converting waste
materials into new
materials
22. Define Boiler Efficiency
Boiler efficiency =
( 𝐇𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐢𝐝 )
(𝐇𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐮𝐞𝐥)
×𝟏𝟎𝟎
23. What are the ways of improving boiler efficiency?
• Monitor feed water quality
• Boiler sizing
• Fuel quality
• Tube cleaning
• Blow down control
24. What are the devices used for waste heat recovery
system (WHRS)?
• Regenerators
• Heat pipe exchanger
Entropy, S
Temp
, T Brayton Cycle
Rankine Cycle
Steam turbine
Gas turbine
11. LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 11
• Economizer
• Recuperators
• Heat pumps
25. Write the applications for Waste heat recovery
system?
• Electricity generation
• Green houses
• Eco-Industrial parks
• Mechanical works
26. Give any five approaches in energy conservation
in compressed air?
• Install a control system to coordinate multiple
air compressor
• Avoid over sizing
• Turnoff the backup air compressor until its
needed
• Reduce the air compressor discharge pressure
to the lowest acceptable settings
27. Write down the energy cost formula for the following
1. Steam Cost = { Fuel cost × [ Steam Enthalpy – Boiler feed water Enthalpy] } / (1000 × True boiler
efficiency)
2. Compressed Air Cost = { Compressor shaft horse power × 0.76 × total operating hours × Aggregate
electric rate × % of time running × % of full load HP } / Motor efficiency
3. Electricity cost = No. Of units × Cost / unit
28. Draw the block diagram for combined cycle
power plant.
Fuel
Air
Air
Compressor
Gas Turbine
Combustor
HRSG - II
HRSG-1
Steam
Turbine
G
G
Generator
3 Phase AC
Output
Feed
Water
Feed
Water
Exhaust
Gas
Thermal
Output
Exhaust Steam
Generator
3 Phase
AC Output