The document discusses a proposed sustainable engineering project from the University of Alabama in Huntsville to create a gearless, magnetically levitated wind and solar powered turbine storage system. It would use wind and solar energy to power a generator and charge batteries to provide backup power. The design includes a spiral axis turbine with magnets to levitate the blades and avoid bearing friction. It is intended to provide steady power to homes from storage when wind and solar are unavailable.

1. University of Alabama in Huntsville
Sustainable Engineering and its Practical
Electrical Application in Power Systems: As
proposed by the Gearless Magnetically
Levitated Wind/Solar Powered Turbine
Storage System
Jurgen Sawatzki Chaw
EE 213 Honors Circuit I
Dr. Charles Corsetti
12/02/2014
1

2. EE213 CIRCUITS I
• Professor:
– Dr. Charles Corsetti.
• Presenter:
– Jürgen Sawatzki Chaw.
SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING AND ITS PRACTICAL ELECTRICAL
APPLICATION IN POWER SYSTEMS: AS PROPOSED BY THE
GEARLESS MAGNETICALLY LEVITATED WIND/SOLAR POWERED
TURBINE STORAGE SYSTEM
2

3. U.S POWER CONSUMPTION
Based on the U.S Energy Information Administration, the
average monthly residential electricity consumption for a
modest U.S. home was around 903 kWh per month.
3

4. U.S POWER CONSUMPTION
4

5. U.S NET GENERATION BY SOURCES
Jan 2010 - August 2010 (MWhx1000)
45%
24%
19%
7%
2% 1% 1% 1% 0%
0%
Coal Natural Gas
Nuclear Hydro
Wind Petroleum
Wood Biomass
Geothermal Solar
5

6. WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING?
SE is the process of designing or
operating systems such that
they use energy and resources
based on a distribution
between:
• Ecology
• Economy
• Politics
• Culture
All without compromising the
ability of future generations to
meet their own needs.
6

7. ECOLOGY
POLITICS
CULTURE
ECONOMY
WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING?
7

8. ECOLOGY
Tries to maintain the
planet’s ecosystem
without destroying it.
ECONOMY
Creates new technologies that
benefit the economy of a land by
incorporating systems that:
• produce less contamination
• redirect the flow of money to
other economic areas.
8

9. CULTURE
Tries to influence people on a
global scale by welcoming new
methods of energy production
that will not deplete the non
renewable energy sources.
POLITICS
Tries to create a conscience
in people about the needed
connection between us and
our environment.
9

10. WHAT DO WIND AND SOLAR POWER PROVIDE?
• Inexhaustibility due to overabundance of those
resources.
• Renewability as the lifespans of the sun and
the wind are much grater than the lifespan of
human civilization.
• Recyclability as they can be use over and over
without producing any harmful by-products.
10

11. HOW DOES A PV CELL WORKS?
Types of solar cell:
• Mono-Crystalline.
• Poly-Crystalline.
• Stacked Cells.
• String Ribbon.
• Thin Film.
• In 1839, French Physicist Edmund
Becquerel discover it.
• In 1921, Einstein explain the
photoelectric effect.
• In 1950, NASA started using them to
power their satellites.
11

12. HOW DOES A WIND GENERATOR WORKS?
• In 1891, Danish Inventor Dane Paul la
Cour develop 1st windmill that produced
electricity.
• In 1919, British Aeronautical Pioneer
Albert Betz proved that the max 𝑪 𝑷 was
59.3%.
Types of wind turbines:
• HAWT.
• VAWT.
• SAWT.
12

13. SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING AND ITS PRACTICAL
ELECTRICAL APPLICATION IN POWER SYSTEMS
• Solar farm at San Bernardino County in California.
• Outputs 354 MW of power in a year.
13

14. SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING AND ITS PRACTICAL
ELECTRICAL APPLICATION IN POWER SYSTEMS
• San Gorgonio Pass wind farm, located at Riverside
County in California.
• Outputs 615 MW of power in a year.
14

15. THE MANY BENEFITS OF ALGAE
• Grow fast.
• Consumes 𝑪𝑶 𝟐 & produces Oxygen.
• Does not compete with agriculture.
• Micro-algal can be used for fuel, feed and food.
• Macro-algae can be grown in the sea..
• Algae can purify wastewaters.
• Algae can be used to produce many plastics,
fertilizers, cosmetics, etc.
• Algae can generate NEW job openings.
In summer 2014, Dutch & French
firm Cloud Collective, created an
overpass system in Switzerland,
that grew Algae by consuming
the air pollution generated by
motor vehicles.
15

16. EPEAT
• Stands for Electronic Products Environmental Assessment Tool.
• Helps institutional purchasers and consumers evaluate, compare and select
desktop computers, laptops and displays based on their environmental
attributes.
• Developed by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency.
• Managed by the Green Electronics Council.
• Provides market recognition for environmental preferable electronics.
• Built on U.S & International Standards such as: RoHS, ECMA, and Blue Angel.
• It register products that meet ANSI accredited standards such as IEEE 1680.1-
2009 Standard for the Environmental Assessment of Personal Computer
Products.
• Its rating consist of EPEAT Bronze, Silver, and Gold medals.
• Some of the basic EPEAT standards for PC and Display imaging equipment
and televisions are: reduction of environmentally sensitive materials,
material selection, design for life, energy conservation, life extension, end-
of-life management, corporate performance packaging consumables
(imaging equipment only), and indoor quality (imaging equipment standard
only).
• Some of the participant manufacturers: Toshiba, Lenovo, Dell, HP, Xerox, and
Apple.
• Some of the purchasers are: Marriot, U.S.A, Deutsche Bank, HSBC, Microsoft,
and Ford.
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17. RoHS
17
• Stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances.
• Alias “Directive 2002/95/EC”.
• Originated in the E.U to restrict specific hazardous
materials found in electrical and electronic
products.
• After July 1st 2006, all electronic products became
compliant with this regulation in Europe.
• The banned substances are: Lead, Mercury,
Cadmium, Hexavalent Chromium, Polybrominated
biphenyls, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers.
• The previously mentioned substances are deemed
unsafe during their manufacturing and recycling
stages.

18. IEEE STANDARD 1680-2009
18
• Developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering and the IEEE Computer Society.
• Sponsored by the Environmental Assessment Standard
Committee.
• Asses the environmental impact of electronics products.
• Based on eight categories of environmental performance:
elimination of environmentally sensitive materials,
materials selection, design for end of life, life cycle
extension, energy conservation, end-of-life management,
corporate performance, and packaging.
• Can be based on a specific geographic region.
• The Market Surveillance Entity determines the regions
that are in this family standards to whom companies
declare their product performance.
• It’s rating system of medals is used by the EPEAT.

19. DESIGN AND MISSION OF GMAGWINDSOPTSS
Design:
• Models are commercially available.
• To create a backup system, that will rival a 3KW generator.
• To deliver a semi-favorable impact on the environment by
applying concepts of Sustainable Engineering.
• Consist of: solar cells, turbine blade, 3Φ 16 pole AC induction
generator, deep cycle batteries, charge controller, rectifier,
power inverter, Arduino ONE control interface, and anemometer.
Mission:
To design and implement an operable proto-type of a gearless
Magnetic Levitated Wind/Solar Powered Spiral Axis Turbine to
power a storage system and deliver, a “steady” auxiliary power to
the user’s home grid in emergency scenarios.
19

20. TURBINE DESIGN
• Based on Liam F1 UWT Archimedes model.
• Independent of a Yaw system.
• Magnetically levitated to eliminate loss of
energy through bearings.
• Carbon or Glass fiber construction.
• Can be used in either vertical or horizontal
configuration through the use of an
Altazimuth mount.
• Blade length of only 1.15 meters.
20

21. ROTOR BLADE ATTACHEMENT
The
21

22. ROTOR BLADE ATTACHEMENT
22

23. ROTOR BLADE SUPORTING FRAME (TOP)
Strong rare magnet
Pushing down on magnet #2.
Magnets 1 and 2 are axially
magnetized.
1
2
3
4
Strong rare magnet containing
magnet #3 inside its magnetic
field. Magnets 3 and 4 are
radially magnetized.
Slider arm, can be adjusted at
any height.
23

24. ROTOR BLADE SUPPORTING FRAME (BOTTOM)
5
6
7
8
Strong rare magnet containing
magnet #6 inside its magnetic
field. Magnets 5 and 6 are
radially magnetized.
Strong rare magnet
Pushing up on magnet #7.
Magnets 7 and 8 are axially
magnetized.
Slider arm, can be adjusted at
any height.
24

25. 2-D VIEW OF TURBINE
BLADE BASED ON
ARCHIMEDES’ SCREW
PUMP
25

26. WIND POWERED GENERATOR
• Power Output of 480 Watts
(0.643 HP).
• Running frequency of 60 Hz.
• Angular velocity of 450 rpm.
• 16 pole rotor design.
• 3Φ AC induction motor.
• Require winds of 18.88 mph to
operate .
• Comparable to a factor of 3 in
the Beaufort Scale (Light
Breeze).
26

27. 4mps = 8.95 mph winds
27

28. ALABAMA AVERAGE WIND SPEEDS BY COUNTY RANK
Rank Average Wind Speed County / Population
1 18.60 mph Bullock, AL / 10,914
2 18.14 mph Barbour, AL / 27,457
3 17.89 mph Russell, AL / 52,947
4 17.34 mph Pike, AL / 32,899
5 16.98 mph Macon, AL / 21,452
6 16.92 mph Henry, AL / 17,302
7 16.84 mph Jackson, AL / 53,227
8 16.50 mph Montgomery, AL / 229,363
9 16.50 mph De Kalb, AL / 71,109
10 16.38 mph Crenshaw, AL / 13,906
11 16.18 mph Etowah, AL / 104,430
12 16.14 mph Cherokee, AL / 25,989
13 16.05 mph Dale, AL / 50,251
14 15.71 mph Coffee, AL / 49,948
15 15.67 mph Elmore, AL / 79,303
16 15.65 mph Walker, AL / 67,023
17 15.55 mph Marengo, AL / 21,027
18 15.52 mph Morgan, AL / 119,490
19 15.51 mph Lee, AL / 140,247
20 15.47 mph Lowndes, AL / 11,299
21 15.47 mph Hale, AL / 15,760
22 15.34 mph Marshall, AL / 93,019
23 15.28 mph Butler, AL / 20,947
24 15.25 mph Greene, AL / 9,045
25 15.15 mph Dallas, AL / 43,820
26 15.14 mph Tuscaloosa, AL / 194,656
27 15.11 mph Saint Clair, AL / 83,593
28 15.04 mph Fayette, AL / 17,241
29 15.04 mph Cullman, AL / 80,406
30 15.01 mph Tallapoosa, AL / 41,616
31 14.98 mph Conecuh, AL / 13,228
32 14.90 mph Chambers, AL / 34,215
33 14.81 mph Escambia, AL / 38,319
Rank Average Wind Speed County / Population
34 14.80 mph Madison, AL / 334,811
35 14.70 mph Wilcox, AL / 11,670
36 14.64 mph Sumter, AL / 13,763
37 14.54 mph Blount, AL / 57,322
38 14.53 mph Winston, AL / 24,484
39 14.53 mph Perry, AL / 10,591
40 14.49 mph Houston, AL / 101,547
41 14.47 mph Calhoun, AL / 118,572
42 14.42 mph Bibb, AL / 22,915
43 14.31 mph Pickens, AL / 19,746
44 14.22 mph Jefferson, AL / 658,466
45 14.19 mph Lamar, AL / 14,564
46 14.13 mph Covington, AL / 37,765
47 14.12 mph Monroe, AL / 23,068
48 14.04 mph Coosa, AL / 11,539
49 13.99 mph Lawrence, AL / 34,339
50 13.96 mph Franklin, AL / 31,704
51 13.79 mph Cleburne, AL / 14,972
52 13.78 mph Shelby, AL / 195,085
53 13.75 mph Autauga, AL / 54,571
54 13.73 mph Marion, AL / 30,776
55 13.64 mph Limestone, AL / 82,782
56 13.55 mph Choctaw, AL / 13,859
57 13.41 mph Chilton, AL / 43,643
58 13.35 mph Randolph, AL / 22,913
59 13.30 mph Colbert, AL / 54,428
60 13.20 mph Geneva, AL / 26,790
61 13.19 mph Clay, AL / 13,932
62 13.16 mph Lauderdale, AL / 92,709
63 12.96 mph Baldwin, AL / 182,265
64 12.84 mph Clarke, AL / 25,833
65 12.69 mph Mobile, AL / 412,992
66 12.58 mph Talladega, AL / 82,291
67 12.15 mph Washington, AL / 17,581
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29. POWER OUTPUT OF GMAG-WINDSOPTSS
• Power output of GMAG-WINDSOPTSS will depend on its
battery array.
• Power output from wind generator and solar cells, only
dictates the batteries’ charge time.
• Up to 50% of power will be harness from batteries to
prevent failure.
• After conversion from power inverter with T1:T2 (1:10) ratio,
theoretical available power is 50Ah x 120VDC.
• Since only 50% used, available power is 3000 Watts or 25Ah
at 120VDC.
29

30. GEARLESS MAGNETIC WIND-SOLAR POWERED TURBINE
STORAGE SYSTEM (GMAG-WINDSOPTSS)
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31. CONCLUSION
GMAGWINDSOPTSS meets the requirements of SE as:
• It uses wind and solar power to produce electricity with no harmful
by-products.
• Uses commercially available components that meet EPEAT, IEEE
Standard 1680-2009, and RoHS standards(in the U.S).
• Geared towards micro-economics as it helps lower a residential
electric bill.
• Geared towards culture, as it creates a conscience on the people by
teaching them to care for their non-renewable resources.
Sustainable Engineering tries to alleviate the overall pollution problem
and the depletion of non-renewable resources by utilizing renewable
energy sources that can provide the power system’s industry and the
end-user, with the clean electrical needs of everyday use.
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32. REFERENCES
• U.S Dept. of Energy. "How Much Electricity Does an American Home Use?" EIA -Electricity DATA. U.S Energy
Information Administration, 10 Jan. 2014. Web. 22 Nov. 2014. <http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=97&t=3>.
• U.S Dept. of Energy. "Electric Power Annual 2010." EIA. U.S Energy Information Administration, 1 Nov. 2011. Web. 22
Nov. 2014. <http://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/archive/03482010.pdf>.
• The Archimedes BV -RDM Campus. "Spec Sheet Liam F1 UWT UK." The Archimedes. The Archimedes BV -RDM
Campus. Web. 22 Nov. 2014. <http://dearchimedes.com/pdf/leaflet_archimedes_ENG.pdf>.
• AWS TruePower. "Residential-Scale 30-Meter Wind Maps." WINDExchange. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 21
Feb. 2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2014. <http://apps2.eere.energy.gov/wind/windexchange/windmaps/residential_scale.asp>.
• USA.COM. "Alabama Average Wind Speed County Rank." USA.COM. World Media Group, LLC, 1 Jan. 2014. Web. 22
Nov. 2014. <http://www.usa.com/rank/alabama-state--average-wind-speed--county-rank.htm>.
• Wikipedia. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, 20 Aug. 2014. Web. 22 Nov. 2014.
• IEEE Computer Society. "IEEE Standard for Environmental Assessment of Electronic Products." IEEE Explore Digital
Library. IEEE, 5 Mar. 2010. Web. 22 Nov. 2014.
<http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/mostRecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5429923>.
• Green Electronics Council. "EPEAT." Who Participates in EPEAT? Green Electronics Council. Web. 22 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.epeat.net/>.
• European Union Council and Parliament. "RoHS Compliance FAQ." RoHS Guide Compliance. RoHS Guide, 13 Aug.
2004. Web. 22 Nov. 2014. <http://www.rohsguide.com/rohs-faq.htm>.
• Maloney, Timothy J. "Chapter 12: WOUND-ROTOR DC MOTORS & Chapter 13: AC MOTORS." Modern Industrial
Electronics. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1996. 458-486, 556-597. Print.
• Cloud Collective. "This Algae Farm Eats Pollution From the Highway Below It." Gizmodo. Gizmodo, 31 Oct. 2014. Web.
27 Nov. 2014. <http://gizmodo.com/this-algae-farm-eats-pollution-from-the-highway-below-i-1653234583>.
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33. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
www.linkedin.com/pub/jürgen-andrés-sawatzki-chaw/87/979/262/
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