The document provides an overview of WiBro service and technology. It introduces the lecturer and their experience in mobile engineering courses and international cooperation. It then discusses WiBro, including its definition as a portable internet service providing high data rates, the services and technologies involved, and international cooperation through WiBro standards and cooperation with Thailand.
Experimental Analysis of Cable Distance Effect on Signal Attenuation in Singl...IJECEIAES
Losses during transmission and high demand of high data rate by the end users have become the biggest challenges facing the telecommunication industries worldwide with Nigeria inclusive. Fiber optic cable as a channel of communication has been adapted worldwide in solving these problems but there is a little limitation in the place of multimode fiber in long distance communication. This paper focuses on the effect of changes in distance on transmitted bandwidth on single mode and multimode fiber. Two cases were considered during this research; (a) with optical amplifier placed in between multimode fiber and (b) without optical amplifier in between multimode fiber. Readings were taken at various distances when specific bandwidth ranging from 50Mbps to 500Mbps was transmitted from the base station to the various distances and it was observed that there was no significant changes in bandwidth received at specified distances (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 etc) m when using single mode fiber, there was a drastic reduction in bandwidth when it get to a distance of 300m when using multimode. When optical amplifier was placed in between the multimode fiber at some selected distances after 400m from the transmitting BTS, it was noticed that the drastic reduction in transmitted bandwidth was almost eliminated, thereby proven that multimode fiber can be use in long distance communication provided optical amplifiers are incorporated in between the distance to bust the signal strength.
SPECIAL SECTION ON RECENT ADVANCES IN SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKING FOR 5G NETW...Rakesh Jha
In the near future, i.e., beyond 4G, some of the prime objectives or demands that need to
be addressed are increased capacity, improved data rate, decreased latency, and better quality of service.
To meet these demands, drastic improvements need to be made in cellular network architecture. This paper
presents the results of a detailed survey on the fth generation (5G) cellular network architecture and some
of the key emerging technologies that are helpful in improving the architecture and meeting the demands of
users. In this detailed survey, the prime focus is on the 5G cellular network architecture, massive multiple
input multiple output technology, and device-to-device communication (D2D). Along with this, some of the
emerging technologies that are addressed in this paper include interference management, spectrum sharing
with cognitive radio, ultra-dense networks, multi-radio access technology association, full duplex radios,
millimeter wave solutions for 5G cellular networks, and cloud technologies for 5G radio access networks
and software de ned networks. In this paper, a general probable 5G cellular network architecture is proposed,
which shows that D2D, small cell access points, network cloud, and the Internet of Things can be a part of
5G cellular network architecture. A detailed survey is included regarding current research projects being
conducted in different countries by research groups and institutions that are working on 5G technologies.
Performance Analysis of MIMO System on Different Modulation Scheme over Ricia...ijtsrd
The wireless communications is one of the most active areas of technology development of our time. Recently, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing has been regarded as one of the core technologies for various wireless communication systems. The BER level is depend on the modulation type, SNR value and channel behavior. The Modulation schemes that we have used in this thesis are 4 QAM, 8 QAM, 16 QAM and 64 QAM which further improved using forward error correction codes FEC . A comparison is made between the diversity gain of MIMO systems in terms of BER for high QAM modulation scheme. This work presents, by a simulation toll MATLAB R2013a used for model implemented using fading channel to the performance analysis of Bit Error rate BER V S Signal to Noise ratio SNR . Mona Ranjan | Praven K Patidar "Performance Analysis of MIMO System on Different Modulation Scheme over Rician Channel" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31730.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/31730/performance-analysis-of-mimo-system-on-different-modulation-scheme-over-rician-channel/mona-ranjan
Experimental Analysis of Cable Distance Effect on Signal Attenuation in Singl...IJECEIAES
Losses during transmission and high demand of high data rate by the end users have become the biggest challenges facing the telecommunication industries worldwide with Nigeria inclusive. Fiber optic cable as a channel of communication has been adapted worldwide in solving these problems but there is a little limitation in the place of multimode fiber in long distance communication. This paper focuses on the effect of changes in distance on transmitted bandwidth on single mode and multimode fiber. Two cases were considered during this research; (a) with optical amplifier placed in between multimode fiber and (b) without optical amplifier in between multimode fiber. Readings were taken at various distances when specific bandwidth ranging from 50Mbps to 500Mbps was transmitted from the base station to the various distances and it was observed that there was no significant changes in bandwidth received at specified distances (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 etc) m when using single mode fiber, there was a drastic reduction in bandwidth when it get to a distance of 300m when using multimode. When optical amplifier was placed in between the multimode fiber at some selected distances after 400m from the transmitting BTS, it was noticed that the drastic reduction in transmitted bandwidth was almost eliminated, thereby proven that multimode fiber can be use in long distance communication provided optical amplifiers are incorporated in between the distance to bust the signal strength.
SPECIAL SECTION ON RECENT ADVANCES IN SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKING FOR 5G NETW...Rakesh Jha
In the near future, i.e., beyond 4G, some of the prime objectives or demands that need to
be addressed are increased capacity, improved data rate, decreased latency, and better quality of service.
To meet these demands, drastic improvements need to be made in cellular network architecture. This paper
presents the results of a detailed survey on the fth generation (5G) cellular network architecture and some
of the key emerging technologies that are helpful in improving the architecture and meeting the demands of
users. In this detailed survey, the prime focus is on the 5G cellular network architecture, massive multiple
input multiple output technology, and device-to-device communication (D2D). Along with this, some of the
emerging technologies that are addressed in this paper include interference management, spectrum sharing
with cognitive radio, ultra-dense networks, multi-radio access technology association, full duplex radios,
millimeter wave solutions for 5G cellular networks, and cloud technologies for 5G radio access networks
and software de ned networks. In this paper, a general probable 5G cellular network architecture is proposed,
which shows that D2D, small cell access points, network cloud, and the Internet of Things can be a part of
5G cellular network architecture. A detailed survey is included regarding current research projects being
conducted in different countries by research groups and institutions that are working on 5G technologies.
Performance Analysis of MIMO System on Different Modulation Scheme over Ricia...ijtsrd
The wireless communications is one of the most active areas of technology development of our time. Recently, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing has been regarded as one of the core technologies for various wireless communication systems. The BER level is depend on the modulation type, SNR value and channel behavior. The Modulation schemes that we have used in this thesis are 4 QAM, 8 QAM, 16 QAM and 64 QAM which further improved using forward error correction codes FEC . A comparison is made between the diversity gain of MIMO systems in terms of BER for high QAM modulation scheme. This work presents, by a simulation toll MATLAB R2013a used for model implemented using fading channel to the performance analysis of Bit Error rate BER V S Signal to Noise ratio SNR . Mona Ranjan | Praven K Patidar "Performance Analysis of MIMO System on Different Modulation Scheme over Rician Channel" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31730.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/31730/performance-analysis-of-mimo-system-on-different-modulation-scheme-over-rician-channel/mona-ranjan
Analysis of wifi and wimax and wireless network coexistenceIJCNCJournal
Wireless networks are very popular nowadays. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) that uses the IEEE 802.11 standard and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) that uses the IEEE802.16 standard are networks that we want to explore. WiMAX has been developed over 10 years, but it is still unknown by most people. However, compared with WLAN, it has many advantages in transmission speed and coverage area. This paper will introduce these two technologies and make comparisons between WiMAX and WiFi. In addition, wireless network coexistence of WLAN and WiMAX will be explored through simulation. Lastly we want to discuss the future of WiMAX in relation to WiFi.
Nowadays mobile phones have become a must for almost all people from all over the world. An opportunity to stay in touch with friends and family members, access to email and business associates are just a few of reasons for the boosting importance of cell phones. Mobile telephony is the provision of telephone services to phones which may move around freely rather than stay fixed in one location. Today mobile phones are the best way to stay connected with others as well as provide the user with a sense of security. A conceptual study have been made to briefly discus what mobile telephony is, how it emerges and what technologies it use.
4G (Fourth Generation) Mobile System is an expected system that aims at integrating present wireless networking technologies and to be give support to these different technologies in order to solve the pending challenges facing the present wireless technologies. The 4G mobile system is a vision under research that is proposed to be out in the year 2010, there is news that claims that there are headways made already, and that there are some systems with the expected features of 4G but it is yet to be seen.
The Assessments and Challenges of LED Generated Data Traffic using Li-Fi Tech...AM Publications
Internet today will be highly integrated with many aspects of our daily needs making it a corner stone in modern life. This dependency increased the demand on having internet services with higher Bandwidth, higher Bit Rates and lower Congestion problems. As a result, more and more applications will be widely realized for Internet based in the future, either in custom or dedicated fashion. As a result, the Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) technology - that is considered in this paper - refers to the technology that can transfer data in a faster reliable way; utilizing Light Emitted Diode (LED) bulb which is the source of illumination. The method of communication is through transfer data pulses instead of radio frequencies signals, thus providing an economic advantage by eliminating the need for complex wireless networks.
The cellular networks are evolving through several generations .The first generation (1G) wireless mobile communication network was analog system which was used for public voice service with the speed up to 2.4kbps.
The second generation (2G) is based on digital technology and network infrastructure. As compared to the first generation, the second generation can support text messaging. Its success and the growth of demand for online information via the internet prompted the development of cellular wireless system with improved data connectivity, which ultimately lead to the third generation systems (3G).
3G systems refer to the developing technology standards for the next generation of mobile communications systems. One of the main goals of the standardization efforts of 3G is to create a universal infrastructure that is able to support existing and future services. This requires that the infrastructure be designed so that it can evolve as technology changes, without compromising the existing services on the existing networks. Separation of access technology, transport technology, service technology and user application from each other make this demanding requirement possible. Wireless phone standards have a life of their own. You can tell, because they are spoken of reverently in terms of generations. There's Great-Granddad, whose pioneering story pre-dates cellular; Grandma and Grandpa 1G, or analog cellular, Mom and Dad 2G, or digital cellular; 3G wireless.
A New Data Offloading Framework Between Mobile Network and Campusijsrd.com
Data offloading is a technique to transfer data between different networks like mobile network to WiFi networks. WiFi or Wi-Max networks are very fast and require no spectrum fees to implement them. Whereas Mobile networks require the spectrum reservations which are highly costly and heavily affect the service charges offered by the cellular service providers. In our proposed scenario, we are using controlled data transfer mechanism to offload data between mobile network and campus wireless network to facilitate the calling facility in the campus for the smart-phone users using Wireless network in the campus.
Internet Access Using Ethernet over PDH Technology for Remote AreaRadita Apriana
There was still is gap among people living in city and in remote area to get information access,
especially who lived in the Eastern part of Indonesia. People living in such remote area usually were
isolated from town by natural condition like rivers, valleys, hills and so on. Therefore, telecommunication
infrastructure for remote area using cooper was not effective and efficient way to build. The issue was how
information and communication technology could penetrate such areas. This research aimed to propose
technology that could be implemented to overcome the difficulties. Ethernet over Plesiochronous Digital
Hierarchy (EoPDH) was one of many techniques that provided Ethernet connectivity over non-Ethernet
networks. EoPDH was a standardized methodology for transporting native Ethernet frames over the
existing established PDH transport technology. To provide last milefor the local people, use of Mesh
Wireless Local Area Network was made and connected to internet gateway via Ethernet over PDH based
microwave radio link. The test showed that The Ethernet frames were successfully transported to remote
area with good quality of service such as throughput, response time, and transaction rate.
Video steaming Throughput Performance Analysis over LTEiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Your healthcare provider usually diagnoses goiter when they perform a physical examination and feel that you have an enlarged thyroid. However, the presence of a goiter indicates that there’s an issue with your thyroid gland. They’ll need to figure out what the issue is.
Your provider can use several tests to diagnose and evaluate goiter, including the following:
Physical exam: Your provider may be able to tell if your thyroid gland is enlarged by feeling your neck area for nodules and signs of tenderness.
Thyroid blood test: This blood test measures thyroid hormone levels, which reveal if your thyroid is working properly.
Antibody test: This blood test looks for certain antibodies that are produced in some forms of goiter. An antibody is a protein made by white blood cells. Antibodies help defend against invaders (for example, viruses) that cause disease or infection in your body.
Thyroid ultrasound: Ultrasound is a procedure that sends high-frequency sound waves through body tissues. The echoes are recorded and transformed into video or photos. Your provider can “see” your thyroid to check its size and if it has nodules.
rule out cancer.
Thyroid uptake and scan: This imaging test provides information on the size and function of your thyroid. In this test, a small amount of radioactive material is injected into a vein to produce an image of your thyroid on a computer screen. Providers don’t order this test very often, since it’s only useful in certain circumstances.
CT scan or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of your thyroid: If the goiter is very large or spreads into your chest, a CT scan or MRI is used to measure the size and spread of the goiter.
Management and Treatment
Do goiters go away on their own?
A simple goiter may happen for only a short time and may go away on its own without treatment.
Many goiters, such as multinodular goiter, are associated with normal levels of thyroid hormone. These goiters usually don’t require any specific treatment after your healthcare provider has diagnosed it. However, you may be at risk of developing hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism in the future.
If you have an enlarged thyroid gland, it’s still important to see your healthcare provider since goiters have multiple possible causes — some of which require treatment.
How is goiter treated?
Treatment for goiter depends on how large your thyroid has grown, symptoms and what caused it. Treatments include:
No treatment/"watchful waiting": If the goiter is small and isn’t bothering you, your healthcare provider may decide that it doesn’t need to be treated. However, they’ll carefully monitor your thyroid for any changes.
Medications: Levothyroxine (Levothroid®, Synthroid®) is a thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Your provider will likely If you have an enlarged thyroid gland, it’s still important to see your healthcare provider since goiters have multiple possible causes — some of which require treatment.
How is goiter treated?
Treatment for goiter depend
Analysis of wifi and wimax and wireless network coexistenceIJCNCJournal
Wireless networks are very popular nowadays. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) that uses the IEEE 802.11 standard and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) that uses the IEEE802.16 standard are networks that we want to explore. WiMAX has been developed over 10 years, but it is still unknown by most people. However, compared with WLAN, it has many advantages in transmission speed and coverage area. This paper will introduce these two technologies and make comparisons between WiMAX and WiFi. In addition, wireless network coexistence of WLAN and WiMAX will be explored through simulation. Lastly we want to discuss the future of WiMAX in relation to WiFi.
Nowadays mobile phones have become a must for almost all people from all over the world. An opportunity to stay in touch with friends and family members, access to email and business associates are just a few of reasons for the boosting importance of cell phones. Mobile telephony is the provision of telephone services to phones which may move around freely rather than stay fixed in one location. Today mobile phones are the best way to stay connected with others as well as provide the user with a sense of security. A conceptual study have been made to briefly discus what mobile telephony is, how it emerges and what technologies it use.
4G (Fourth Generation) Mobile System is an expected system that aims at integrating present wireless networking technologies and to be give support to these different technologies in order to solve the pending challenges facing the present wireless technologies. The 4G mobile system is a vision under research that is proposed to be out in the year 2010, there is news that claims that there are headways made already, and that there are some systems with the expected features of 4G but it is yet to be seen.
The Assessments and Challenges of LED Generated Data Traffic using Li-Fi Tech...AM Publications
Internet today will be highly integrated with many aspects of our daily needs making it a corner stone in modern life. This dependency increased the demand on having internet services with higher Bandwidth, higher Bit Rates and lower Congestion problems. As a result, more and more applications will be widely realized for Internet based in the future, either in custom or dedicated fashion. As a result, the Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) technology - that is considered in this paper - refers to the technology that can transfer data in a faster reliable way; utilizing Light Emitted Diode (LED) bulb which is the source of illumination. The method of communication is through transfer data pulses instead of radio frequencies signals, thus providing an economic advantage by eliminating the need for complex wireless networks.
The cellular networks are evolving through several generations .The first generation (1G) wireless mobile communication network was analog system which was used for public voice service with the speed up to 2.4kbps.
The second generation (2G) is based on digital technology and network infrastructure. As compared to the first generation, the second generation can support text messaging. Its success and the growth of demand for online information via the internet prompted the development of cellular wireless system with improved data connectivity, which ultimately lead to the third generation systems (3G).
3G systems refer to the developing technology standards for the next generation of mobile communications systems. One of the main goals of the standardization efforts of 3G is to create a universal infrastructure that is able to support existing and future services. This requires that the infrastructure be designed so that it can evolve as technology changes, without compromising the existing services on the existing networks. Separation of access technology, transport technology, service technology and user application from each other make this demanding requirement possible. Wireless phone standards have a life of their own. You can tell, because they are spoken of reverently in terms of generations. There's Great-Granddad, whose pioneering story pre-dates cellular; Grandma and Grandpa 1G, or analog cellular, Mom and Dad 2G, or digital cellular; 3G wireless.
A New Data Offloading Framework Between Mobile Network and Campusijsrd.com
Data offloading is a technique to transfer data between different networks like mobile network to WiFi networks. WiFi or Wi-Max networks are very fast and require no spectrum fees to implement them. Whereas Mobile networks require the spectrum reservations which are highly costly and heavily affect the service charges offered by the cellular service providers. In our proposed scenario, we are using controlled data transfer mechanism to offload data between mobile network and campus wireless network to facilitate the calling facility in the campus for the smart-phone users using Wireless network in the campus.
Internet Access Using Ethernet over PDH Technology for Remote AreaRadita Apriana
There was still is gap among people living in city and in remote area to get information access,
especially who lived in the Eastern part of Indonesia. People living in such remote area usually were
isolated from town by natural condition like rivers, valleys, hills and so on. Therefore, telecommunication
infrastructure for remote area using cooper was not effective and efficient way to build. The issue was how
information and communication technology could penetrate such areas. This research aimed to propose
technology that could be implemented to overcome the difficulties. Ethernet over Plesiochronous Digital
Hierarchy (EoPDH) was one of many techniques that provided Ethernet connectivity over non-Ethernet
networks. EoPDH was a standardized methodology for transporting native Ethernet frames over the
existing established PDH transport technology. To provide last milefor the local people, use of Mesh
Wireless Local Area Network was made and connected to internet gateway via Ethernet over PDH based
microwave radio link. The test showed that The Ethernet frames were successfully transported to remote
area with good quality of service such as throughput, response time, and transaction rate.
Video steaming Throughput Performance Analysis over LTEiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Your healthcare provider usually diagnoses goiter when they perform a physical examination and feel that you have an enlarged thyroid. However, the presence of a goiter indicates that there’s an issue with your thyroid gland. They’ll need to figure out what the issue is.
Your provider can use several tests to diagnose and evaluate goiter, including the following:
Physical exam: Your provider may be able to tell if your thyroid gland is enlarged by feeling your neck area for nodules and signs of tenderness.
Thyroid blood test: This blood test measures thyroid hormone levels, which reveal if your thyroid is working properly.
Antibody test: This blood test looks for certain antibodies that are produced in some forms of goiter. An antibody is a protein made by white blood cells. Antibodies help defend against invaders (for example, viruses) that cause disease or infection in your body.
Thyroid ultrasound: Ultrasound is a procedure that sends high-frequency sound waves through body tissues. The echoes are recorded and transformed into video or photos. Your provider can “see” your thyroid to check its size and if it has nodules.
rule out cancer.
Thyroid uptake and scan: This imaging test provides information on the size and function of your thyroid. In this test, a small amount of radioactive material is injected into a vein to produce an image of your thyroid on a computer screen. Providers don’t order this test very often, since it’s only useful in certain circumstances.
CT scan or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of your thyroid: If the goiter is very large or spreads into your chest, a CT scan or MRI is used to measure the size and spread of the goiter.
Management and Treatment
Do goiters go away on their own?
A simple goiter may happen for only a short time and may go away on its own without treatment.
Many goiters, such as multinodular goiter, are associated with normal levels of thyroid hormone. These goiters usually don’t require any specific treatment after your healthcare provider has diagnosed it. However, you may be at risk of developing hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism in the future.
If you have an enlarged thyroid gland, it’s still important to see your healthcare provider since goiters have multiple possible causes — some of which require treatment.
How is goiter treated?
Treatment for goiter depends on how large your thyroid has grown, symptoms and what caused it. Treatments include:
No treatment/"watchful waiting": If the goiter is small and isn’t bothering you, your healthcare provider may decide that it doesn’t need to be treated. However, they’ll carefully monitor your thyroid for any changes.
Medications: Levothyroxine (Levothroid®, Synthroid®) is a thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Your provider will likely If you have an enlarged thyroid gland, it’s still important to see your healthcare provider since goiters have multiple possible causes — some of which require treatment.
How is goiter treated?
Treatment for goiter depend
Review and Analysis of WiMAX Technology using different Modulation scheme wit...ijtsrd
The last few decades, there has been a incredible growth in the wireless communication technology. The growing demand of multimedia services and the growth of Internet related contents lead to increasing interest to high speed communications. The Wireless communication technology, affordable wireless service has become a reality. In wireless communication, radio propagation refers to the behavior of radio waves when they are propagated from transmitter to receiver. In the course of propagation, radio waves are mainly affected by three different modes of physical phenomena: reflection, diffraction, and scattering. In this paper, we analysis of MIMO-OFDM system employing different Modulation scheme is analysed using AWGN channel. The Simulation results show that this is a novel technique for next generation wireless systems using MATLAB toll R2013a. Arvind Yadav | Er. Praveen Kumar Patidar"Review and Analysis of WiMAX Technology using different Modulation scheme with AWGN Channel" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11662.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/11662/review-and-analysis-of-wimax-technology-using-different-modulation-scheme-with-awgn-channel/arvind-yadav
5G Technology stands for the 5th Generation Mobile technology. 5G is a next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond the 4G standards. 5G is expected to provide speed upto 10Gbit/s, wider frequency band,
high increased peak bit rate, high system spectral efficiency, ubiquitous connectivity and a significant increase in QoS as
compared to current 4G technology. Evolution of mobile communication technology to 5G is discussed in this review, followed by protocol stack and 5G architecture. A wide comparison is given between the various generations so as to compare why 5G technology is better and needed.
MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING 1Future Tech W.docxinfantsuk
MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING 1
Future Tech Wireless Communications
Umair Rehman
ENGG200 - Introduction to Professional Engineering
Macquarie University NSW 2013 Australia
[email protected]
3 May 2013
Abstract—Wireless Communication is the most important
development of its time. A decade ago who would have thought
of there would be no hassle of the wires and technology would
actually become wireless. The aim of the report is to compare
how wireless technology has been developed with time and now
how fast and easy it is compared to its past position. The results
of the research show that engineers make advancements and
surprise the audience. They are and will always surprise the
new generation of their time and that is also the future vision of
Microsoft.
I. INTRODUCTION
M ICROSOFT is one of the few corporations, whichare always found in the list of the leaders of the
computer technology. William H. Gates established it in 1975
and since then Microsoft has been known for its inventions
and innovations and now recently they put forward their
future vision of productivity. According to the videos they
released, technology is everywhere. They believe that within
5-10 years everything will be replaced by technology, which
would be fast and user friendly. A decade ago who would have
thought that there would be a time when technology would
be wireless. Wireless communication is when information
or any sort of data is being transferred from one point to
another without any physical attachment. Distances can be
short, such as a few meters for television remote control, or
as far as thousands or even millions of kilometers for deep-
space radio communications. It encompasses various types
of fixed, mobile, and portable applications, including two-
way radios, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants, and
wireless networking. Other examples of wireless technology
include GPS units, garage door openers, wireless computer
mice, keyboards and headsets, headphones, radio receivers,
satellite television, broadcast television, broadcast television
and cordless telephones. [1, ]
II. MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS
A. Advancement of Mobile Wireless Internet
Advancement is a gradual process. Wireless communication
is on the process for some time now. 2G were developed
for voice communications. It was for sending data over 2G
channels by using modem. It provided adat rates in the order
of 9.6 kbps. Then after a while 3G systems were introduced.
Its goal was for voice and data transmission, multi-megabit
Internet access, voice-activated calls, and multimedia content.
CDMA system evolved to CDMA2000. GSM, IS-136 and
PDC evolved to W-CDMA (wideband CDMA)(also called
UMTS). It had up to 2.048 Mbps data-rates. 4G mobile
technologies is the mobile race to innovation. Wireless systems
were further improved and 4G systems came into being. It is
best known for its seamless mobility (roaming). It allows to
roam freely from one standard to another, ...
LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
We will dig deeper into:
1. How to capture video testimonials that convert from your audience 🎥
2. How to leverage your testimonials to boost your sales 💲
3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. 📊
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
This Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit was created by ex-McKinsey, Deloitte and BCG Management Consultants, after more than 5,000 hours of work. It is considered the world's best & most comprehensive Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit. It includes all the Frameworks, Best Practices & Templates required to successfully undertake the Digital Transformation of your organization and define a robust IT Strategy.
Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
Kyiv PMDay 2024 Summer
Website – www.pmday.org
Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
FB – https://www.facebook.com/pmdayconference
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
Know more: https://www.synapseindia.com/technology/mean-stack-development-company.html
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
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A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
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Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
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Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
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Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
1. WiBro Experience Overview of WiBro Service and Technology 14. Sept. 2007 Uhm Oui-suk
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6. Mobile engineering course Education schedule Week subject 1week (30) orientation(3), reception(3), Korea IT(3), IT paradigm(3), MC(4), KII(2), Korea language(3), IT venture(3), Seoul tour(6) extra 2 Java(8), Daeduk valley tour(6), wireless comm.(3), wireless Internet(6), R&D policy(2) 3 Mobile internet platform(6), mobile terminal(6), Java(3), VC(3), IT policy(2) extra 4 Mobile network(6), mobile internet service(6), VC(8), venture meeting(1) extra 5 security(6), JSP(9), system architecture(6), DB(3) extra 6 HTML(9), DB(12), methodology(3), Danyang tour(3) 7 methodology(15), project management(6), WAP(3), Jonju tour(3) 8 WAP(9), anybilder(15), e-government(6) 9 Mobile App(12), J2ME(9), Korea language(3), SK tour(3) 10 J2ME/MIDP(30) 11 MIDP(6), BREW(12), terminal program(12) 12 Mobile Project(21), presentation(6), graduation ceremoney(3)
16. Infrastructure Service Product u-Korea Intelligence-based society: ”Ubiquitous” IT 839 Why WiBro 8 Services WiBro DMB/DTV service u-Home service Telematics/LBS RFID/USN service HSDA/W-CDMA BcN service IT service BcN USN SW infraware 3 Infrastructures Mobile/telematics Broadband/home network DTV/Broadcasting IT SoC/convergence device Next-Gen PC Embedded SW Digital contents and SW solutions RFID/USN Intelligent Robots 9 Growth Engines
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18. Why WiBro Mobile phone/internet users High speed internet users Mobile phone users Mobile Internet Unit :Million Users Source : Ministry of Information & Communication (Nov, 2003) Subscribers in Korea
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21. Service Positioning Service Positioning Tariff Competitiveness Mobility Portability Data Rate WiBro IMT-2000 Nomadic Cordless Fixed DATA Rate High speed DSL(ADSL,VDSL ..) WLAN 3G ( IMT-2000 ) 2G ( IS-95 , Cellular ) Mobility WiBro High Wired Phone Cordless phone Service beyond the bounds of WLAN, CDMA 1x(EV-DO), IMT2000
22. Service Positioning Service Comparison Item WiBro High Speed DSL WLAN Cellular(2/2.5G) Service Area Outdoor/Indoor Indoor Indoor (Hotspot) Outdoor/Indoor Data Rate High speed Ultra high speed Very high speed Med/Low speed Mobility High No Low Very high Contents Wired/Wireless Contents Wired Contents Wired/Wireless Contents Wireless Contents Tariff Relatively Low Relatively Low Low High Terminal Smart phone, PDA, Notebook etc. Desktop, Notebook PDA, Notebook Cellular phone, PDA
23. Standardization Establishment of PG302 TTA PG302 Standard Major System Parameters Radio Access Requirement TDD Frequency Reuse Factor Duplexing 1 OFDMA Multiple Access 10 [MHz] Channel BW Mobility ≤ 60 [Km/h] Service Coverage ≤ 1 [Km] Spectral Efficiency [bps/Hz/cell(sector)] Max. DL / UL = 6 / 2 Aver. DL / UL = 2 / 1 Handoff ≤ 150 [ms] Throughput (per user) Max. DL / UL = 3 / 1 [Mbps] Min. DL / UL = 512 / 128 [Kbps]
28. WiBro Market Analysis ■ In Korea wireless internet service is mainly used for entertainment (58%), communication (email/caf é 17.6%) and business (9.3%). ■ Cellular service has the demerits such as insufficient data rates, high tariff system and WLAN has several shortcomings such as service coverage and QoS problems in spite of high speed data rate and low tariff system. ■ Customer needs of WiBro service is high speed data rate and low tariff system, which are the accelerating factor for widespread use of wireless internet. 7 Customer Needs Automobile Service SD MMC SD MMC SIM Mobile Game Telephone PC DVD Audio DVC Personal Info Home
39. WiBro Network Network Architecture ACR : Access Control Router RAS : Radio Access Station PSS : Personal Subscriber Station PSS HA RAS PSS ACR AAA Public IP Network ACR PSS Operator’s IP Network PSS RAS RAS RAS … …
43. WiBro Spectrum in Korea Operators are selected at February 2005: KT, SK 2300MHz 2327 2331.5 2358.5 2363 2390 2400MHz Trial Service during 1Q of 2006. Launching Commercial Service by 2Q of 2006 Spectrum allocation and Service Schedule CH1 CH2 CH3 CH1 CH2 CH3 CH1 CH2 CH3 1st Band 2nd Band 3rd Band GB GB GB WLAN 4.5MHz 4.5MHz 10MHz CH1 Frequencies Operators Service Schedule
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