This presentation provides an overview of 5G technology. It discusses the evolution of mobile technologies from 1G to 5G, comparing their key features. 5G is expected to offer transmission speeds over 1 Gbps, making it 10 times faster than previous technologies. It will utilize new hardware like ultra wideband networks and smart antennas. 5G aims to provide a unified global standard for wireless connectivity with no limitations through an open wireless architecture. The presentation outlines 5G's potential applications and concludes that it will offer highly accessible and affordable internet access for all.
The 5th generation wireless technology, abbreviated as 5G, are the proposed next telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G Advanced standards. The Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance defines the following requirements:
The data rates of tens of megabits per second for tens of thousands of users
Data rates of 100 megabits per second for metropolitan areas
Developed in 1980s & completed in early 1990s Based on analog system Speed up to 2.4 kbps AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System) was launched by the US & it was the 1G mobile system Allows user to make voice calls in 1 country.If 5G appears, and reflects these prognoses, the major difference from a user point of view between 4G and 5G techniques must be something else than increased peak bit rate.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The 5th generation wireless technology, abbreviated as 5G, are the proposed next telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G Advanced standards. The Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance defines the following requirements:
The data rates of tens of megabits per second for tens of thousands of users
Data rates of 100 megabits per second for metropolitan areas
Developed in 1980s & completed in early 1990s Based on analog system Speed up to 2.4 kbps AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System) was launched by the US & it was the 1G mobile system Allows user to make voice calls in 1 country.If 5G appears, and reflects these prognoses, the major difference from a user point of view between 4G and 5G techniques must be something else than increased peak bit rate.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
1. Presentation
On
5G Technology
Bachelor Of Technology
In
Computer Science And Engineering
Submitted To: Submitted By:
Mrs. Rekha Dhivrani Abhishek Rajput
Assistant Professor Roll no.-21TEC2CS203
VIVEKANANDA GLOBAL UNIVERSITY
SISYAWAS, SECTOR-36, NRI ROAD, JAGATPURA, JAIPUR, RAJASTHAN
(2023-2024)
2. Introduction to 5G
Evolution from 1G to 5G
COMPARISON OF 1G TO 5G TECHNOLOGIES
Key concepts
Architecture
Hardware & Software of 5G
Features
Advantages
Applications
Conclusion
Contents
3. What is 5G?
5G Wireless: 5th generation wireless technology.
Complete wireless communication with almost no
limitations.
Can be called REAL wireless world.
Has incredible transmission speed.
Concept is only theory not real.
4. What does it offer?
Worldwide cellular phones
Extraordinary data capabilities
High connectivity
More power & features in hand held phones
Large phone memory, more dialing speed, more clarity in
audio & video
6. 1G
Developed in 1980s & completed in
early 1990s
Based on analog system
Speed up to 2.4 kbps
AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System) was launched
by the US & it was the 1G mobile system
Allows user to make voice calls in 1 country
7. 2G
Developed in late 1980s & completed in
late 1990s
Based on digital system
Speed up to 64 kbps
Services such are digital voice & SMS with more clarity
Semi global facility
2G are the handsets we are using today, with 2.5G
having more capabilities
8. 3G
Developed between late 1990s & early 2000s until
present day
Transmission speed from 125 kbps to 2 Mbps
Superior voice quality
Good clarity in video conference
E-mail, PDA, information surfing, on-line shopping/
banking, games, etc.
Global roaming
9. 4G
Developed in 2010
Faster & more reliable
Speed up to 100 Mbps
High performance
Easy roaming
Low cost
10. 5G
Next major phase of mobile telecommunication &
wireless system.
10 times more capacity than others.
Expected speed up to 1 Gbps.
More faster & reliable than 4G.
Lower cost than previous
generations.
11. COMPARISON OF 1G TO 5G TECHNOLOGIES
Technology 1G 2G/2.5G 3G 4G
5G
Deployment 1970/1984 1980/1999 1990/2002 2000/2010 2014/2015
Bandwidth 2kbps 14-64kbps 2mbps 200mbps >1gbps
Technology Analog
cellular
Digital
cellular
Broadbandwidth/
cdma/ip
technology
Unified ip &seamless
combo of
LAN/WAN/WLAN/P
AN
4G+WWWW
Service Mobile
telephony
Digital
voice,short
messaging
Integrated high
quality audio,
video & data
Dynamic
information access,
variable devices
Dynamic information
access, variable devices
with AI capabilities
Multiplexing FDMA TDMA/CDMA CDMA CDMA CDMA
Switching Circuit Circuit/circuit for
access network&air
interface
Packet except for
air interface
All packet All packet
Core network PSTN PSTN Packet
network
Internet Internet
Handoff Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal&
Vertical
Horizontal&
Vertical
12. Key concepts
Real wireless world with no more limitations with access &
zone issues
Wearable devices
IPv6, where a visiting care of mobile IP address is assigned
according to location & connected network
One unified global standard
Smart radio
The user can simultaneously be connected with several
wireless access technology
Multiple concurrent data transfer path
14. Open Wireless Architecture (OWA)
OSI layer 1 & OSI layer 2 define the wireless technology
For these two layers the 5G mobile network is likely to be
based on Open Wireless Architecture (OWA)
Physical layer + Data link layer = OWA
15. Network Layer
All mobile networks will use mobile IP
Each mobile terminal will be FA (Foreign Agent)
A mobile can be attached to several mobiles or wireless
networks at the same time
The fixed IPv6 will be implemented in the mobile phones
Separation of network layer into two sub-layers:
(i) Lower network layer (for each interface)
(ii) Upper network layer (for the mobile terminal)
16. Open Transport Protocol (OTP)
Wireless network differs from wired network regarding
the transport layer
In all TCP versions the assumption is that lost segments
are due to network congestion
In wireless, the loss is due to higher bit error ratio in the
radio interface
5G mobile terminals have transport layer that is possible
to be downloaded & installed – Open Transport Protocol
(OTP)
Transport layer + Session layer = OTP
17. Application (service) Layer
Provides intelligent QoS (Quality of Service) management
over variety of networks
Provides possibility for service quality testing & storage
of measurement information in information database in
the mobile terminal
Select the best wireless connection for given services
QoS parameters, such as, delay, losses, BW, reliability,
will be stored in DB of 5G mobile
Presentation layer + Application layer = Application
18. Hardware & Software of 5G
5G Hardware:
• Uses UWB (Ultra Wide
Band) networks with
higher BW at low energy
levels
• BW is of 4000 Mbps,
which is 400 times faster
than today’s wireless
networks
• Uses smart antenna
• Uses CDMA (Code
Division Multiple Access)
5G Software:
• 5G will be single unified
standard of different
wireless networks,
including LAN
technologies, LAN/WAN,
WWWW- World Wide
Wireless Web, unified IP
& seamless combination
of broadband
• Software defined radio,
encryption, flexibility,
Anti-Virus
19. Features of 5G
High resolution for crazy cell phone users
Bi-directional large BW
Less traffic
25 Mbps connectivity speed
Enhanced & available connectivity just about the world
Uploading & Downloading speed of 5G touching the peak
(up to 1 Gbps)
Better & fast solution
20. Features (Conti…)
High quality service based on policy to avoid error
Support virtual private networks
More attractive & effective
Provides subscriber supervision tools for fast action
21. Advantages of 5G
Data BW of 1 Gbps or higher
Globally accessible
Dynamic information access
Available at low cost
22. Applications of 5G
Wearable devices with AI (Artificial Intelligence)
capabilities
Pervasive (Global) networks
Media independent handover
Radio resource management
VoIP (Voice over IP) enabled devices
With 6th sense technology
23. Conclusion
3G- Operator Centric,
4G- Service Centric whereas
5G- User Centric
We have proposed 5G wireless concept designed as an
open platform on different layers
The new coming 5G technology will be available in the
market at affordable rates, high peak future & much
reliability than preceding technologies