"Why bother about the sustainability of the world's OCEANS" is first in the series of environmental sustainability presentations of WOW Bali International Initiative. This is a continuing documentation of learning resources about global efforts and initiatives aimed at reviving the world's ocean environment and marine and coastal ecosystems. Ultimately, this will show how the earth's oceans are interconnected to human survival and sustainable development. You may add information and photos (preferably CC0 License; No attribution required photos) with source links and credits into the presentation. Let's collaborate!

3. BIODIVERSITY

4. NATURALRESOURCES

5. OCEANSDRIVECLIMATE
HYDROLOGICALCYCLES
&

6. Oceans, seas, islands and coastal areas
form an integrated and essential
component of the Earth’s ecosystem
and are critical for global food security
and for sustainable economic
prosperity and the well‐being of many
national economies, particularly in
developing countries.
-Johannesburg Plan of Implementation
“
”

7. “

8. In 2008, fish provided 3
billion people with at least
15 per cent of their animal
protein. The same year,
fish and aquatic plant sales
amounted to $106 billion,
and the fisheries industry
provided livelihoods for
about 540 million people, or
8 per cent of the world’s
population.
-UNCSD 2012
In 2012, fisheries produced
roughly 160 million tons of fish
and generated over US$129
billion in exports while securing
access to nutrition for billions of
people and accounting for 16
percent of total global animal
protein.
-World Bank 2015

10. Humans have developed and maintained strong ties
with the marine environment for health, survival and
recreation, utilizing the seemingly endless ocean
resources available to us. But ocean resources and its
resilience are finite. Unfortunately many of our daily
activities, whether they intimately involve the ocean
or take place hundreds of miles from the nearest
coast, threaten the ocean.
-SeaWeb
“
”

11. “

12. “
”

13. Pervasive poverty in coastal communities is
coupled with extensive degradation of
coastal resources. In the past 50 years, the
proportion of degraded coral reefs in
Indonesia has increased from 10 to 50
percent.
-World Bank 2009

14. Minerals and energy. Businesses turn to the oceans as a source of minerals and rare earth elements and natural
gas as resources on land start to decline.
Genetic materials. Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology breakthrough create demand for marine genetic resources.
Living marine resources. Global fish catch, deep-sea species such as corals and sponge, and other marine
organisms are transformed into around 18,000 products for human consumption.
Interconnected
-Global Ocean Commission
INCREASING DEMAND FOR RESOURCES
drivers of ocean decline

15. Deep-sea access and exploitation. Deep-sea oil extraction and mineral mining have been expanding across
vast areas of the ocean including the Arctic.
Vessels (distance and depth). Advancement in fishing vessel engine and equipment technology allows
for the operation of bigger trawls to catch greater quantities of fish.
Increased (over-) extraction. Large scale commercial fishing in the high seas is made possible through more
sophisticated equipment such as sonar and fish aggregation devices.
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
Interconnected
-Global Ocean Commission
drivers of ocean decline

16. Overfishing. FAO reports that 2/3 of ocean fish stock are
exploited to their maximum sustainable capacity, while 1/3 is already
depleted beyond limit. The World Bank added the about USD50
billion is wasted annually due to mismanagement in the fisheries
sector. are below 10% of their historical level.
Overcapacity. While global fish stocks is already on constant
decline, the global fishing capacity is continuously increasing due to
heightening competition.
Subsidies. Governments (Japan, China, EU, Russia and the
US) issue at least USD30 billion in subsidies to the fisheries sector,
encouraging unsustainable fishing practices.
Illegal Unreported Unregulated (IUU)
Fishing. 35%o the global wild marine catch are illegal,
unregulated and unreported, posting annual losses of USD23.5
billion. IUU fishing is linked to other international crimes such as drug
smuggling and human trafficking.
DECLINE OF FISH STOCKS
Interconnected
-Global Ocean Commission
drivers of ocean decline

17. Climate change and acidification. The ‘deadly trio’ of
acidification, warming, and deoxyfication are damaging the world’s
oceans, which absorb large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions,
such as carbon dioxide. Today’s level of acidification is unparalleled
in the last 300 million years with massive impact on marine
biodiversity.
Destructive fishing. Bottom trawling destroys about 15 million sqm of
marine ecosystems across the ocean floor. Destructive fishing also
include shark finning and driftnet deployment.
Pollution. Unregulated dumping of chemicals and massive plastic pollution have
toxic impacts on oceans and marine life.
CLIMATE CHANGE,
BIODIVERSITY
AND HABITAT LOSS
Interconnected
-Global Ocean Commission
drivers of ocean decline

18. •Interconnected
-Global Ocean Commission
drivers of ocean decline
Patchwork Sectoral Governance. Existing high seas governance framework lacks basis on modern ecosystem
understanding; is weak, fragmented and poorly implemented.
Compliance and enforcement. Weak enforcement and limited power to sanction illegal fishing activities in the
maritime industry.
New and emerging issues. No governance framework exists for energy production, geoengineering operations, and
genetic resource exploration and exploitation in the in the high seas.
WEAK HIGH SEAS
GOVERNANCE

19. -UNESCO
POLLUTION AND WASTE
Land-based sources account for approximately
80% of marine pollution, globally.“
”
120,548 plastic bottles end up in landfills or
the ocean every minute. -Jeff Bennett
"Marine debris – trash in our oceans – is a symptom
of our throw-away society and our approach to
how we use our natural resources." -UNEP

20. -UNESCO
POLLUTION AND WASTE
Plastic pollution threatens wildlife.
“ ”-Plastic Pollution Coalition
There are now close to 500 dead zones with
a total global surface area of over 245,000
km², roughly equivalent to that of the
United Kingdom.
“

22. Loss of habitat and biodiversity is increasingly impairing the
ocean’s capacity to provide food and other services.The
extinction of fish species could lead to starvation or under-
nourishment. -UNESCO
“
”

23. Environmental changes can affect the dynamics of waterborne
diseases. When sea-surface temperatures increase, pathogens can
become more concentrated in seawater, threatening to contaminate
seafood and drinking water supplies in coastal communities. When sea
levels rise, low-lying areas can become inundated with contaminated
water.
-The National Academy of Science
“
”

24. Coastal communities are the first to be affected
by the declining vitality of seas and oceans.

26. We must accept it as our collective shared
obligation and responsibility to ensure that
we leave to future generations a planet that is
productive and plentiful.The negative
consequences of what is taking place beneath
the waves must be brought to the forefront of
international decision-making on
sustainability, governance and development.
-Global Ocean Commission

27. Integrated ecosystem approaches and
diversification of livelihoods and enterprise can
improve sustainable development in all three
pillars by providing the benefits of increased
productivity and resilience of living marine
resources (environmental pillar), by reducing the
vulnerability of the coastal poor (social pillar) and
increased incomes (economic pillar).
-UNESCO

28. The steps to building better coastal
environmental management begin
by appreciating the need for more
sustainable practices, and the
urgency with which sustainability
should be achieved, while being
confident that we already have
most of the needed tools.
-UN University
“
”

29. Find out as much as you
can about this problem
and educate your friends.
Get involved: there are
probably cleanup efforts
happening near you!
Don’t discard anything
near the coast, when you
go to the beach make sure
you pick up after yourself.
-UNESCO

30. Ban toxic products from your boat-maintenance
and don’t throw anything overboard. Use and
overflow system to avoid oil spills, and maintain
your boat regularly to avoid leaks. -UNESCO

31. Try to avoid using single-serving plastic items and
replace them by reusable items (cloth bags,
reusable cups and silverware, non-plastic bottles).
-UNESCO

32. Try to green your household and gardening chemical products, use
them sparingly and wisely. Don’t use fertilizers before it rains or pour
oil or chemicals down the drain: they would just end up in the ocean! -UNESCO

33. Refuse excess packaging, try to re-use and recycle as much as possible.
Remember that very little of the plastic produced each year is actually
recycled and much of it finds its way to the ocean. -UNESCO

34. Moreoncommunitysolutionssoon…

35. www.pexels.com
www.lifeofpix.com
www.muhammaddiyah.or.id
en.wikipedia.org
www.molecularecologist.com
www.parade.com
www.theschoolinthecloud.org