The document discusses the World Anti-Doping Code and perspectives on the use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) in sports. It provides an overview of the Code and its purpose to harmonize anti-doping efforts through universal rules. It also outlines the rationale for the Code to protect the spirit and values of sport. The document then discusses opposing viewpoints regarding whether the current paternalistic banning of PEDs is too idealistic or if a regulated approach could be better by addressing issues like health risks, fairness, and resources used for anti-doping efforts. In conclusion, it argues that allowing PEDs under medical regulation could be a more viable option than strict eradication.
The Relationship between the usage of Drugs and Sport Performanceijtsrd
The main challenges for sports psychologist and coaches in this century would be producing strong performance among the nondrug addict athletes. Relatively widespread use of such drugs as namely anabolic steroids to enhance performance dates back at least to the Olympic of the 1960's, although broad public awareness of such drugs use seems relatively recent. The easy availability of drugs, through illegal, contributes to the rise of drug addictions. This research explores some rationales of regulating drug use by athletes in order to determine the level of sport performance. The sample consisted of 97 athletes, drawn from athletes who competed in sports between Universities. Drug Usage Questionnaire and Sport Performance were used to collect the data. The correlation coefficient of 0.712 was noted respectively between the usage of drugs and sports performance. Even though the usage of drugs benefits the sports performance, but it is considered as cheating and unfair, harm, perversion of sports, unnaturalness and dehumanization. The government, sport psychology, counselors, coaches and sports bodies should play an important role to face the challenges to overcomes the evil, drug enhances to protect athletes' health and to achieve fair level playing field. Vincent Parnabas | Julinamary Parnabas | Antoinette Mary Parnabas "The Relationship between the usage of Drugs and Sport Performance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26405.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/26405/the-relationship-between-the-usage-of-drugs-and-sport-performance/vincent-parnabas
This document provides information about steroids, their effects, and health risks. It defines various types of steroids like testosterone and discusses both their intended muscle-building effects and serious potential side effects. The document aims to educate students on steroid use and help them make informed choices by raising awareness of consequences.
This document discusses arguments for and against legalizing steroid use in professional sports. The pro arguments are that many athletes already use steroids without detection, it would create a level playing field, and help leagues make more money. However, the con arguments are that athlete role models could influence kids' steroid use, it provides an unhealthy shortcut over training the natural way, and steroids can cause serious health issues like heart attacks and cancer. The conclusion is that the author is against steroid legalization, as athletes should rely on natural talent and hard work rather than performance-enhancing drugs.
This document provides information and resources about concussions for schools, coaches, athletes, and parents. It outlines policies requiring annual concussion education, removal from play for any athlete suspected of a concussion, and clearance from a healthcare provider before returning to play. It emphasizes that all head impacts need to be taken seriously, as even mild concussions can have severe consequences if not properly managed. Resources are provided for signs and symptoms, best practices, and online trainings for coaches and clinicians.
Steroids are synthetic variations of the hormone testosterone that can increase muscle mass and strength. While steroids have benefits like building muscle, they also carry serious health risks like acne, heart and liver problems. Teenagers and women are especially at risk. Some people abuse steroids by using high doses to improve sports performance despite the dangers. Withdrawal from steroids can cause depression and other side effects. There is debate around whether steroids should be illegal or allowed for personal choice.
This document discusses a project to link motorcycle crash data from the Crash Reporting Information System (CRIS) with EMS reports and hospital records. The linkage allows for a more complete assessment of injury characteristics and outcomes for motorcyclists involved in crashes. In 2013, 391 motorcycle drivers sustained incapacitating injuries in crashes, with linkage between CRIS, EMS, and hospital data achieved for 25.4% of those wearing helmets and 24.8% of those not wearing helmets. Analysis of injuries among 35-54 year olds showed higher rates of skull fractures for non-helmeted riders. Linking these data sources provides a more comprehensive picture of motor vehicle crash injuries and outcomes.
Colombia tiene una gran diversidad de fauna y flora debido a su ubicación ecuatorial. La flora y fauna son vitales para los seres humanos y el equilibrio del ecosistema, ya que los árboles producen oxígeno y los animales cumplen funciones en la cadena alimenticia y en la limpieza del medio ambiente. Colombia es uno de los países más biodiversos del mundo, con una alta tasa de especies de plantas por unidad de área, albergando más de 130,000 especies de plantas.
Legal Issues of Anti-Doping Policy in Pro-SportsDal-Young Chang
This document summarizes the legal issues surrounding anti-doping policy in professional sports in Korea. It discusses recent doping scandals in Russia, Korea, and with former Korean baseball player Park. It outlines revisions made to anti-doping laws and regulations in Korea, including requiring registered athletes to undergo doping testing. It describes Korea's anti-doping system including modules for whereabouts, therapeutic use exemptions, doping control, and results management. It discusses the grounds and scope of anti-doping regulations, prohibited substances, sample collection procedures, provisional suspensions, sanctions and appeals processes.
The Relationship between the usage of Drugs and Sport Performanceijtsrd
The main challenges for sports psychologist and coaches in this century would be producing strong performance among the nondrug addict athletes. Relatively widespread use of such drugs as namely anabolic steroids to enhance performance dates back at least to the Olympic of the 1960's, although broad public awareness of such drugs use seems relatively recent. The easy availability of drugs, through illegal, contributes to the rise of drug addictions. This research explores some rationales of regulating drug use by athletes in order to determine the level of sport performance. The sample consisted of 97 athletes, drawn from athletes who competed in sports between Universities. Drug Usage Questionnaire and Sport Performance were used to collect the data. The correlation coefficient of 0.712 was noted respectively between the usage of drugs and sports performance. Even though the usage of drugs benefits the sports performance, but it is considered as cheating and unfair, harm, perversion of sports, unnaturalness and dehumanization. The government, sport psychology, counselors, coaches and sports bodies should play an important role to face the challenges to overcomes the evil, drug enhances to protect athletes' health and to achieve fair level playing field. Vincent Parnabas | Julinamary Parnabas | Antoinette Mary Parnabas "The Relationship between the usage of Drugs and Sport Performance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26405.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/26405/the-relationship-between-the-usage-of-drugs-and-sport-performance/vincent-parnabas
This document provides information about steroids, their effects, and health risks. It defines various types of steroids like testosterone and discusses both their intended muscle-building effects and serious potential side effects. The document aims to educate students on steroid use and help them make informed choices by raising awareness of consequences.
This document discusses arguments for and against legalizing steroid use in professional sports. The pro arguments are that many athletes already use steroids without detection, it would create a level playing field, and help leagues make more money. However, the con arguments are that athlete role models could influence kids' steroid use, it provides an unhealthy shortcut over training the natural way, and steroids can cause serious health issues like heart attacks and cancer. The conclusion is that the author is against steroid legalization, as athletes should rely on natural talent and hard work rather than performance-enhancing drugs.
This document provides information and resources about concussions for schools, coaches, athletes, and parents. It outlines policies requiring annual concussion education, removal from play for any athlete suspected of a concussion, and clearance from a healthcare provider before returning to play. It emphasizes that all head impacts need to be taken seriously, as even mild concussions can have severe consequences if not properly managed. Resources are provided for signs and symptoms, best practices, and online trainings for coaches and clinicians.
Steroids are synthetic variations of the hormone testosterone that can increase muscle mass and strength. While steroids have benefits like building muscle, they also carry serious health risks like acne, heart and liver problems. Teenagers and women are especially at risk. Some people abuse steroids by using high doses to improve sports performance despite the dangers. Withdrawal from steroids can cause depression and other side effects. There is debate around whether steroids should be illegal or allowed for personal choice.
This document discusses a project to link motorcycle crash data from the Crash Reporting Information System (CRIS) with EMS reports and hospital records. The linkage allows for a more complete assessment of injury characteristics and outcomes for motorcyclists involved in crashes. In 2013, 391 motorcycle drivers sustained incapacitating injuries in crashes, with linkage between CRIS, EMS, and hospital data achieved for 25.4% of those wearing helmets and 24.8% of those not wearing helmets. Analysis of injuries among 35-54 year olds showed higher rates of skull fractures for non-helmeted riders. Linking these data sources provides a more comprehensive picture of motor vehicle crash injuries and outcomes.
Colombia tiene una gran diversidad de fauna y flora debido a su ubicación ecuatorial. La flora y fauna son vitales para los seres humanos y el equilibrio del ecosistema, ya que los árboles producen oxígeno y los animales cumplen funciones en la cadena alimenticia y en la limpieza del medio ambiente. Colombia es uno de los países más biodiversos del mundo, con una alta tasa de especies de plantas por unidad de área, albergando más de 130,000 especies de plantas.
Legal Issues of Anti-Doping Policy in Pro-SportsDal-Young Chang
This document summarizes the legal issues surrounding anti-doping policy in professional sports in Korea. It discusses recent doping scandals in Russia, Korea, and with former Korean baseball player Park. It outlines revisions made to anti-doping laws and regulations in Korea, including requiring registered athletes to undergo doping testing. It describes Korea's anti-doping system including modules for whereabouts, therapeutic use exemptions, doping control, and results management. It discusses the grounds and scope of anti-doping regulations, prohibited substances, sample collection procedures, provisional suspensions, sanctions and appeals processes.
Path Planning for Mobile Robot Navigation Using Voronoi Diagram and Fast Marc...Waqas Tariq
For navigation in complex environments, a robot needs to reach a compromise between the need for having efficient and optimized trajectories and the need for reacting to unexpected events. This paper presents a new sensor-based Path Planner which results in a fast local or global motion planning able to incorporate the new obstacle information. In the first step the safest areas in the environment are extracted by means of a Voronoi Diagram. In the second step the Fast Marching Method is applied to the Voronoi extracted areas in order to obtain the path. The method combines map-based and sensor-based planning operations to provide a reliable motion plan, while it operates at the sensor frequency. The main characteristics are speed and reliability, since the map dimensions are reduced to an almost unidimensional map and this map represents the safest areas in the environment for moving the robot. In addition, the Voronoi Diagram can be calculated in open areas, and with all kind of shaped obstacles, which allows to apply the proposed planning method in complex environments where other methods of planning based on Voronoi do not work.
Vastu Shastra is a traditional Hindu system of architecture that focuses on design principles related to layout, measurements, and spatial geometry. It aims to harmonize construction with nature by considering things like directional alignments and the functions of different building areas. Key elements of Vastu Shastra include the five elements of nature - earth, water, fire, air and space - and how their energies impact human well-being and prosperity when incorporated into building design according to Vastu principles. Following Vastu is believed to help create balanced, healthy environments that support happiness.
2015 02 08 financiación e inversión de la innovación social3Sergio Murillo Corzo
Presentación utilizada en la jornada "Conectar para resolver. Innovación Social desde Europa", en el centro La Noria de Málaga. Acercamiento al programa de innovación social de Bizkaia; herramientas de financiación e inversión
Alkenes and their preparation-HYDROCARBONS PART 2ritik
Alkenes can be prepared through various methods including reduction of alkynes, dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides, dehydration of alcohols, and heating vicinal dihalogen derivatives with zinc dust. Addition reactions of alkenes follow Markovnikov's rule or anti-Markovnikov's rule in the presence of peroxides. Alkenes undergo addition reactions with halogens, hydrogen halides, water, sulfuric acid and undergo oxidation, ozonolysis, and polymerization.
Alkynes can be prepared through several methods:
1. From calcium carbide by reacting calcium carbide with water to produce acetylene.
2. From vicinal dihalides by treating them with alcoholic potassium hydroxide to undergo dehydrohalogenation and form alkyne.
3. Alkynes readily react with hydrogen in the presence of catalysts like nickel, platinum or palladium through a reaction called hydrogenation.
Hay palabras en español y portugués que tienen que se escriben de forma muy parecida, pero no significan lo mismo, son los heterosemánticos. Es muy importante saberlos para que no causemos confusión cuando estemos en una charla.
The document summarizes aromaticity and related topics for chemistry students. It discusses:
- Benzenoid and non-benzenoid aromatic compounds, including their properties and reactions.
- Resonance structures of benzene and how it follows Huckel's rule for aromaticity.
- Classification of compounds based on aromaticity and examples of antiaromatic compounds.
- Aromatic ions and heterocyclic aromatic compounds like pyrrole, furan and pyridine.
The important methods for separation and purification of organic compounds are: Crystallization, Sublimation, Distillation, Differential extraction and chromatography.
Path Planning for Mobile Robot Navigation Using Voronoi Diagram and Fast Marc...Waqas Tariq
For navigation in complex environments, a robot needs to reach a compromise between the need for having efficient and optimized trajectories and the need for reacting to unexpected events. This paper presents a new sensor-based Path Planner which results in a fast local or global motion planning able to incorporate the new obstacle information. In the first step the safest areas in the environment are extracted by means of a Voronoi Diagram. In the second step the Fast Marching Method is applied to the Voronoi extracted areas in order to obtain the path. The method combines map-based and sensor-based planning operations to provide a reliable motion plan, while it operates at the sensor frequency. The main characteristics are speed and reliability, since the map dimensions are reduced to an almost unidimensional map and this map represents the safest areas in the environment for moving the robot. In addition, the Voronoi Diagram can be calculated in open areas, and with all kind of shaped obstacles, which allows to apply the proposed planning method in complex environments where other methods of planning based on Voronoi do not work.
Vastu Shastra is a traditional Hindu system of architecture that focuses on design principles related to layout, measurements, and spatial geometry. It aims to harmonize construction with nature by considering things like directional alignments and the functions of different building areas. Key elements of Vastu Shastra include the five elements of nature - earth, water, fire, air and space - and how their energies impact human well-being and prosperity when incorporated into building design according to Vastu principles. Following Vastu is believed to help create balanced, healthy environments that support happiness.
2015 02 08 financiación e inversión de la innovación social3Sergio Murillo Corzo
Presentación utilizada en la jornada "Conectar para resolver. Innovación Social desde Europa", en el centro La Noria de Málaga. Acercamiento al programa de innovación social de Bizkaia; herramientas de financiación e inversión
Alkenes and their preparation-HYDROCARBONS PART 2ritik
Alkenes can be prepared through various methods including reduction of alkynes, dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides, dehydration of alcohols, and heating vicinal dihalogen derivatives with zinc dust. Addition reactions of alkenes follow Markovnikov's rule or anti-Markovnikov's rule in the presence of peroxides. Alkenes undergo addition reactions with halogens, hydrogen halides, water, sulfuric acid and undergo oxidation, ozonolysis, and polymerization.
Alkynes can be prepared through several methods:
1. From calcium carbide by reacting calcium carbide with water to produce acetylene.
2. From vicinal dihalides by treating them with alcoholic potassium hydroxide to undergo dehydrohalogenation and form alkyne.
3. Alkynes readily react with hydrogen in the presence of catalysts like nickel, platinum or palladium through a reaction called hydrogenation.
Hay palabras en español y portugués que tienen que se escriben de forma muy parecida, pero no significan lo mismo, son los heterosemánticos. Es muy importante saberlos para que no causemos confusión cuando estemos en una charla.
The document summarizes aromaticity and related topics for chemistry students. It discusses:
- Benzenoid and non-benzenoid aromatic compounds, including their properties and reactions.
- Resonance structures of benzene and how it follows Huckel's rule for aromaticity.
- Classification of compounds based on aromaticity and examples of antiaromatic compounds.
- Aromatic ions and heterocyclic aromatic compounds like pyrrole, furan and pyridine.
The important methods for separation and purification of organic compounds are: Crystallization, Sublimation, Distillation, Differential extraction and chromatography.
1. ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY — DEPARTMENT OF LAW & CRIMINOLOGY — TEOH YEE CHERN * MICHELLE OLIVIA ROBERT * LOO MAN KEITH * KAYATHIRI KANNAN * SATYAPRIYAA DHANAPAL
References:
1. World Anti-Doping Agency, ‘World Anti-Doping Code’ (2015) page 1.
2. World Anti-Doping Agency, ‘World Anti-Doping Code’ (2015) page 2.
3. World Anti-Doping Agency, ‘World Anti-Doping Code’ (2015) page 3.
4. Owen, David, Inside The Games (2015) para.3.
“Drug testing and classification should be a scientific affair,
unfortunately WADA appears to have little to no understanding
of the criteria for science.”
World Anti-Doping Code
A fundamental and universal document upon which the World Anti-Doping Program in sport is based. The
purpose of the Code is to advance the anti-doping effort through universal harmonization of core anti-doping
elements. It is intended to be specific enough to achieve complete harmonisation on issues where uniformity is
required, yet general enough in other areas to permit flexibility on how agreed-upon anti-doping principles are
implemented. The Code has been drafted giving consideration to the principles of proportionality and human
rights.1
Fundamental Rationale for the World Anti-Doping Code
To preserve the intrinsic value of what is often referred to as “the spirit of sport” and “the essence of Olym-
pism”, the pursuit of human excellence through the dedicated perfection of each person’s natural talents, it is
how we play true. The spirit of sport is the celebration of the human spirit, body and mind, and is reflected in
values we find in sport:2
“Ethics, fair play and honesty, health, excellence in performance, character and education, fun
and joy, teamwork, dedication and commitment, respect for rules and laws, respect for self and
other participants, courage, community and solidarity.” 3
Keep Sports Clean!
The current approach towards PEDs in sports is uncompromisingly paternalistic in nature. In this
jurisprudential aspect, paternalist would argue that the unregulated use of PEDs could contribute to the
deficiencies of sports such as;
Fairness - All athletes should be given an equal chance in the pursuit of victory and consuming PEDs
confers an unfair advantage. Hence, the need to eliminate PEDs from sports.
Harm - An endless debate in this area revolves around the fact that PEDs are harmful to the health of
athletes. This is because PEDs may have dangerous side-effects on different individuals depending on
their health and physical condition.9
Integrity - The notion of integrity in sports implies wholeness, moral soundness and freedom from
corruption. It will be negatively affected if PEDs are used to achieve victory as it violates the central
tenet of attaining sporting achievement in a fair and just manner.10
Are Paternalists Being Overly Idealistic?
Today, sport’s dirty little secret is drugs, and it is high time
we made them legal!
Fairness - Though all athletes should be given an equal chance in sports, paternalists’ arguments failed
to take into account other factors such as biological and environmental inequalities, resource
implications and access to facilities between athletes, depending on their countries of origin.
Empirically speaking, rather than attributing performance inequalities solely down to the use of PEDs,
these arguments are better in touch with the realities of performance enhancement in sport.11
Harm - Legalisation of doping would encourage more sensible and informed use of drugs in amateur
sport, leading to an overall decline in the rate of health problems associated with doping. Finally, by
allowing medically supervised doping, the drugs used could be assessed for a clearer view of what is
dangerous and what is not.
Resources - It is argued that doping in sports is mainly confined to the elite professional level where
lucrative financial rewards are involved which are such that athletes are willing to endanger their health
for the sake of fleeting sporting success. Continuous use of resources to monitor the use of PEDs
among athletes in light of more sophisticated, undetectable, ‘designer’ drugs will not be viable nor
sustainable in the long-run.12
Effectiveness - According to the International Olympic Committee‘s (IOC) Director General’s remark,
out of 11,000 Olympic competitors tested for the use of PEDs, only eight athletes were caught. The
number of positive tests is an extremely poor indicator of the prevalence of doping and raised further
doubts over the continual justification on the use of resources to combat doping by paternalists.13
In conclusion, it is submitted that current anti-doping measures does not adequately prevent
damage from doping in sports, creates health problems of its own besides diverting health-care
resources away from more worthwhile pursuits. In light of these criticisms, allowing the use of
PEDs under a medically regulated environment presents a more viable alternative to the
current method of regulation centred around strict eradication on the use of PEDs.
5. World Anti-Doping Agency, ‘A Brief History of Anti-Doping’ (2015) para.2.
6. ProCon Organization, ‘Historical Timeline—Drug Use in Sports’ (2013) para.1-11.
7. World Anti-Doping Agency, ‘Who Are We?’ (2015) para.1.
8. Neff, Matt De, ‘Anti-doping Has Failed : it’s time to allow drugs in sports’ (2014) para.1.
9. Sharon, Ryan, ‘What’s So Bad About Performance Enhancing Drugs? (2008) page 7.
10. Caouette, Justin, ’Should Athletes Be Allowed To Enhance Their Abilities?’ (2013) para.4.
11. H.Murray, Thomas, ’Drugs, Sports & Ethics’ (2009) para.6.
12. BioMedical Central, ‘What Should The Physicians Role in Elite Sports Be? (2007) para.3.
13. ProCon Organization, ‘Should Performance Enhancing Drugs Be Accepted in Sports’ (2009) para.5.
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