Why Accounting Is Basically A Language And Information...
"Without accountancy businesses would find it hard to function" Accounting Introduction Accounting is basically a language: a language that provides
knowledge and information about the financial position of an organization. When we study accounting we are basically learning this expert language.
By learning this language we can analyse and understand the financial operations of any and all forms of organizations. The accounting information be
broken down into three core categories: Operating Information Another term for operating information is "day–to–day information". It is the type of
accounting information which is needed by the organization itself to conduct its business such as paying the employees, tracking sales or payments
from existing debtors and also information regarding payments to creditors. The operating information is basically related to the working capital of the
business. Operating information comprises the supreme amount of accounting information and also provides the foundation for the other two types of
accounting information. Financial Accounting Information This is the type of information that is used by stakeholders such as managers,
shareholders, creditors, banks, the public, the government, etc. to make choices involving the organization and its activities. Shareholders would want
information regarding their investment; whether it is worth it and whether they should buy or sell shares, bankers and creditors would want to know if
the
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Career Map Analysis
A career map encompasses detailed information that is thoroughly examined in order to implement a strategy to achieve goals for a successful
career. The information within a career map includes imperative skills that have or have not been acquired that are representative of a specific
career. In addition, career maps also allow you to question what you may want in terms of a career and the general goals needed to achieve them.
Career maps help to solidify or build these questions by outlining universal and unique skills, experiences, and personal characteristics. Career maps
are in essence the entire vision to your prospective career and outlines a specific plan that must remain fluid and interchangeable to opportunity. The
purpose of a career map is to allow you to organize your strengths and weaknesses associated to a specific career. In doing so, you are essentially
outlining the needed information that a career may entail which allows you to do things in a timely matter. In addition, by doing things in a timely
matter, you are staying on plan with a path you have created for yourself and improving the chances of you being successful. If you map out your pan
and find that most of the unique skills needed is not something you have acquired, you can better prepare for alternatives. For... Show more content on
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One strategy involves joining a professional organization that is curtailed around accounting students and exposing them to industry. By joining such
an organization, I am able to network with other prospective students and employers, thus improving my opportunities post–graduation of acquiring a
job. Another strategy involves creating a schedule on a monthly basis that keeps everything secondary to my studies. By creating such a schedule, I
am able to maximize my study time and school work, which will lead to my 3.4, or higher,

External Factors
Impact of External and Internal Factors on the Four Functions of Management External and internal factors such as globalization, technology,
innovation, diversity and ethics can greatly impact the four functions of management. Functions such as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling
can be influenced by these different internal and external factors since organizations need to ensure that they are addressed properly for business
success. In addition, knowing the external and internal factors help organizations in identifying the business risks that exist in the environment in
which they operate. This paper will focus on United Way, a non–profit community–based organization that was initially found in communities, large
and small,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Diversity Diversity is "variety of something, such as opinion, race, color, style and or gender" ("Diversity," 2008, n.p.) In order for a company or
organization to be diverse it needs to value diversity by respecting and appreciating all aspects of an individual, including race, gender, religion, skin
color, nationality, sexual orientation, gender identity, physical abilities, age, parental status to name a few. That is what The United Way of America
stands on and strives for. United Way is built up of all different walks of life and in order for the non–profit organization to be able to strive everyone
must be able to get along and work well with each other. To make sure the organization stays diverse, United Way of America has formed a Diversity
Cabinet to eliminate discrimination. United Way is made up of all types of individuals from every walk of life to form their cabinets, their volunteers
and their customers. United Way's Core Value statement is "Diversity and Inclusion are core values for United Way. We aspire every segment of the
community in every aspect of our work and to demonstrate our commitment to and accountability for an inclusive environment in which differences are
recognized, respected, valued and celebrated" (United Way, 2008, n.p.). United Way also feels that its inclusive and diverse organization gives the

An Organization Customer Support, Finance, Accounting,...
Change Proposal In an organization customer support, finance, accounting, sales, marketing, and operations are some of the different divisions that
many businesses consist of. In this report it will display the proposal modifications that will affect the sales division at the Kudler's Fine Foods
organization. The purpose of this report is to examine the structure and operation of the sales department at Kudler's Fine Foods and obtain the
authorization to implement a certain types of changes which will help the sales department operate more effectively. The first area of this report will
explain why a change is required and how the proposed changes will benefit the organization. Then, this report will examine the four areas of change
management and how each area's purpose relates to the problems faced by the company. After that, the report will provide a summary of how company
management will use the projected changes to make adjustments in the work environment. Lastly, this report will support the change proposals position
by demonstrating information regarding the company's expected return on investment
Need for Change Implementing a change management program at Kudler Fine Foods will assist management as they seek to appropriately control the
change within their organization (Leban & Stone, 2015). The change management program's main purpose is to ensure that upper management
employees accept and understand the types of changes that are needed to maximize

Information Systems Strategic Planning Risk And...
BA531 Business Performance Management
Week 1 Assignment
Information Systems Strategic Planning Risk & Performance
David Nagus
Grantham University
Professor Duhn
Sept 3, 2015
1.State a simple definition of performance management.
Performance management is a process that provides feedback and accountability and also documentation for performance outcomes. It is a forum to
help employees channel their talents toward organizational goals.
2.State the three major strategic choices facing firms.
Globalization, Competition, Out Sourcing
3.Explain the seven major forces which drive interest in performance management.
Economy:
a) Failure to explain the strategy: A reason for this failure is managers and employees cannot explain the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
g) Broken budget process: Annual budget exercises are viewed as fiscal routines by accountants that do not reflect future volume drivers.
4.Explain the relationship between performance management and value creation. is a process by which managers and employees work together to
plan, monitor and review an employee 's work objectives and overall contribution to the organization. Value creation is the primary aim of any business
entity. Creating value for customers helps sell products and services, while creating value for shareholders. The two tie together because the company
wants to improve on their internal processes and that includes having products or services that customers will buy and use and that is the ultimate goal
of an organization to create streaming revenues.
Read more: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Tr–Z/Value–Creation.html#ixzz3kszAFSaP
5.State the four customer–facing trends which drive customer satisfaction.

Customer Service–This is the first contact a customer will have with a company basically the face of the organization and if that fails everything else
will too.
Improvement–Making sure the way things are done to continually improve the customers experience
Act on findings–If there is an experience where a customer has a problem find the cause and fix it
Optimize–This means use existing resources or find other resources to

Question 1:.Organizations Give The Accounting...
Question 1:
Organizations give the accounting firms important tasks that they cannot do it by themselves. The services provided by public accounting firms will
vary by the size and the expertise of the firm. Accounting firms typically specialize in areas such as auditing, business advisory services, tax
accounting, bookkeeping and forensic accounting.
The type of accounting firm you hire depends on the nature of your business needs. Like audit firms, These firms provide audits for organizations, small
business's, companies, government entities and individuals. These firms result of work appear annually.
Another firms are tax firms, These firms relates to tax work, for a corporate and individual level. Its focus on tax ... Show more content on
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Unikai overcome the material misstatement, Because of the auditor report opinion. That makes sure that all of the financial statements present fairly.
Question 6: Assurance services improving information 's for informed decision making. It provided by certified public accountants (CPAs) or another
external auditor.
With too increasing demands of a exertion market for specialists the having to do with role played revision of approaches to status of education.
In accordance by all of the European standards and guidelines on action of higher progress (ESG) a dressy paradigm of higher progress is first–year
undergraduate centered clear to learning, learning and reckoning of results.
Question 7:
The auditors' publish on financial statements should suppress a clear stylistic device of reception on the monetary statements generally, based on
rethink and evaluation of the conclusions destroyed from reference obtained in the branch of knowledge of the audit.
Consolidated financial position of the group, consolidated financial performance, and consolidated cash flows.
Question 8:
If an external auditor discover mistakes, it is his responsibility to warning the management 's about it and if management does not take right actions he
should withdrawing from the deal .
Question 9:

Audit risk is the risk that occurred when an auditor may issue an

Organizational Structure Essay
Organizational Structure of Chick–fil–A MGT 230 Tamitha Sprenger October 4, 2012 Charlene Beamon
Organizational Structure of Chick–fil–A One key responsibility of working as a manager is to recognize the best way to organize and run an
organization. A manager who can work with and put into motion the structure and plans of a company is very important to the life of the organization.
Chief Executive Officer of Chick–fil–A Dan T. Cathy is an example of such a manager andbusiness owner. Chick–fil–A began its journey in 1960 in
Hapeville, Ga. Since then the second ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are also staff departments, which are the researchers, marketing, accounting, and sales specializations (Bateman, 2011). Because each
Chick–fil–A has a private owner, the store operator would be the line department and the corporate office will be the staff department. As defined by
Bateman, a Functional Organization departmentalizes around specialized jobs, such as accounting, marketing, and production. Each Chick–fil–A
restaurant operates under their own management; however the marketing, production, accounting, and human resources departments operate from the
corporate office (Chick–fil–A, 2011). Since, the structure of an organization dictates how the company will grow, creating a strong foundation will
benefit a company in numerous ways. Within any business there are the organizational functions that can create the type of structure an organization
will have. A business's functions are the things it does. Production, sales, and marketing are a few examples Chick–fil–A has within the company. The
organizational structure defines the relationship and interactions between the different parts of the company, and identifies how the chain of command
runs through the different levels. When money is earned at a fast pace, it opens doors for the company to expand. As the company grows, they begin to
hire more employees and they offer new products.

Acc 541 Accounting Standards Board Paper
Accounting Standards Boards
Leslie Brian
ACC/541
November 14, 2011
Delphine Agnor Wolsker
Accounting Standards Boards
The field of accounting is constantly evolving. This is true not only for the theory of accounting itself but also the entities that govern its theory and
practice. Presently, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) are faced with some
of the biggest challenges to date. To understand the significance of these two boards, it is necessary to understand their histories, relations between the
boards, and the standards that they set. Also how the knowledge of these boards and the field they lead, gained through the masters of science in
accountancy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The works of the APB were known as APB Opinions. The APB was criticized as well, so the AICPA appointed two committees, from whose
recommendations the FASB was founded in 1973 (Schroeder, Clark, & Cathey, 2011, p. 5
–9).
International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) As stated earlier, the IASB arose from specific needs of the accounting industry and the public. As
international trade has increased, the need for transnational accounting information has increased as well. This sparked the demand for development of
international accounting standards to make financial data between countries more comparable. In 1973, the International Accounting Standards
Committee (IASC) was formed to develop these international standards. The standards issued by the IASC, prior to 2001, were called International
Accounting Standards (IASs). In 2001, the IASC made the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) the official international standard–setting
body. The standards issued by the IASB are calledInternational Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) (Schroeder, Clark, & Cathey, 2011, p. 82–87).
FASB and IASB Convergence The purpose of convergence by the two boards is to create a common set of standards for use by both domestic and
foreign entities to create internationally comparable statements. The boards initially met in 2002 for a meeting known as the Norwalk

Organizational Structure Of The Salvation Army
ASSIGNMENT 2: Organizational Structure, Reporting, and Responsibilities The Salvation Army is an international organization, which spans over a
hundred countries, so there is a difference between its strategic and tactical organization. Its strategic organization refers to which divisions and corps
report to which territory, while its tactical organization refers to the local structure of each individual corps or social service section. As an Accounting
Assistant, I am knowledgeable about the responsibilities of the local organizational structure as well as my own tasks and duties. On an international
scale, the organizational structure of the Salvation Army is based upon a military model. The Salvation Army is led by a General, who usually works
from the International Headquarters at London, UK. The Salvation Army is spread out over 124 countries, so each country is considered a territory,
which is the responsibility of Territorial Commanders who report to the International Headquarters. Many countries are large enough that they are split
into several territories for easier management. Each territory is broken up into smaller administrative regions called divisions, which are managed by
Divisional Commanders who report to the Territorial Commanders. Finally, each division has several corps and community service centers, which are
managed by Corps Officers (Our Structure). The Salvation Army's organizational structure is the result of its large size. The Salvation Army

Accounting
Question 1: * Proficient–level: * There are several important functions performed in an organization, among which accounting is one of them. Define
the accounting function and discuss how it differs from double–entry bookkeeping. Answer: According to the Dictionary of Accounting Terms,
Accounting is defined as a one step process of recording, measuring, interpreting and communicating financial data by preparing financial statements in
order to reflect financial condition and operating performance whereas Double–entry bookkeeping is the record of transactions that require entries in at
least two accounts. * What types of information are critical to the performance of the accounting function in an organization?... Show more content on
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* Distinguished–level: * For each of the selected opportunities, state the education and certification requirements necessary to be considered for
employment. Answer: CPA– CPA's need to pass an exam prepared and graded by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). They
must also meet other requirements such as obtaining a state license and may vary from state to state. CMA's are management accountants that pass an
exam prepared and graded by the ICMA and also meet other requirements. Other management accountants can become a CIA and do internal audits and
must complete the IIA exam given by the Institute of Internal Auditors or IIA. Many CPA's work in governmental accounting and they have essentially
the same educational background as accountants in public accounting and management accounting. For academic accounting it is essentially the same
testing and qualifications for CPA's but the accountants work for a two year or four year university. Question 3: * Proficient–level: * The field of
accounting can be divided into two distinct, but sometimes overlapping categories. Describe the similarities and differences between the two categories
and provide examples of the users of each type of data that are the result of the work in each category. Answer: The two categories are financial
accounting and managerial accounting. For financial accounting, information appears in financial statements that are

Analyzing Career Choices
Analyze career choices choosing
Introduction
Career choice can be very difficult to make especially when faced with a decision to choice between two attractive job offers (Clinton & Van der
Merwe2006). Certainly, each of these jobs will have its positive and negatives aspects. Thus, how would you make an informed choice on the best
offer? This requires a good decision–making system. This report presents a way such decision can be carried out.
Accountant and auditor job
Pay and compensation
According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (2012), the average annual pay for accountants and auditors is $61,690. The amount the lowest paid
accountants and auditors received was $38,940, while the highest was about $106, 880 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012). Majority of accountants
and auditors are full timers and some work more than 40 hours in a week. However, longer hours are normally at particular periods such as during tax
or budgeting period.
Work environment
Majority of accountants and auditors work from offices either employed or self–employed, however, a few work from their homes. They may as well
work from their clients offices. Accountants work in various industries; in 2010 the following industries employed most accountants and auditors.
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services
24%
Finance and insurance
8%
State and local government, excluding education and hospitals
7%
Manufacturing
6%
Management of companies and enterprises
6%

LikertвЂ™S 4 System Approach Was Published In 1961, And Likert
Likert's 4 System Approach was published in 1961, and Likert argues for what he considers is a "generalized theory of organization" (Mumby 100).
Likert sums it up that all organizations can be summarized into one of four systems. Each of these systems reflect a certain leadership style reflected in
an organization and they also consist of 7 dimensions. The seven dimensions are as follows; employee motivation, the characterization of the
communication process, the interaction–influence process, decision making process, the type of goal setting, the control processes and its performance
characteristics.
Likerts 4 System Approach consists of the Exploitive–authoritative approach, Benevolent–authoritative, Consultative and Participative. ... Show more
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On the Plante Moran website they've posted their client satisfaction rates that supports our claim. Plante Moran used an independent firm to conduct a
survey to the clients that they serve and positive feedback was received. Between 95–99% of their clients agreed that they would recommend Plante
Moran to other people and companies, they across the board agreed that the staff at Plante Moran are trustworthy, courteous and professional. The staff
is responsive and takes the time to build relationships with clients. The staff at Plante Moran are industry experts and they demonstrate technical
expertise and delivers on their promises. Bottom line, Plante Moran meets all the needs of their clients.
Throughout their customer focused ideology, and being a participative system approach Plante Moran has succeeded and strengthened their company
wholly. They hold a 13% turnover rate when the industry standard is 15%, and the communication processes within Plante Moran keeps projects on
track and promotes a healthy relationship with the staff and clients equating to higher productivity organizationally– wide. According to Mumby, Likert
advocated specifically for the participative approach because it "most effectively taps into human resources and is the most productive organizational
system" (Mumby 101)
RECOMMENDATION/ACTIONS:
1.Create an informal support group or type of dialogue

Fmc Course Netherland
Financial Management & Control – IM07CC CEMS
Dr. Marcel van Rinsum Associate Professor RSM Erasmus University Department Accounting & Control mrinsum@rsm.nl Introduction Financial
Management Control Systems (FMCS) form the bridge between the organization's strategy and its operations. Their purpose is to align managerial
behaviour and decision making with organizational goals. Although management controls are typically embedded in the organization's financial
management and accounting systems, their design and use should be based on a thorough understanding of how managerial behaviour is influenced by
typical control system elements, such as target setting, performance measurement and rewarding. Indeed, while the proper design of ... Show more
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Hand–in case notes (20%). Cases are solved by teams of students; 3. Written exam (60%; to pass the course a minimum grade for the exam of 5.0 is
required. The other grades will only count when you pass this threshold). This is an individual test. Presence is required for the lectures. The written
exam will be based on the literature discussed during the lectures, additional material presented during theme–discussions and lectures (made available
on Black Board), and a selection of the cases discussed. More information on groups, lectures and contents will be made available on Blackboard
Course literature – Articles & cases. (see course program).
2
The course program for Financial Management & Control is as follows: Topics 1. Financial Management & Control: Introduction Date Oct. 27
Literature Readings 1
2. The Economics and Psychology of Financial Management & Control
Nov. 3
Readings 2 and 3 Case 1
3. Financial Management & Control: Measurement and Organizational structure Nov. 10

4. Financial Management & Control: Myopia
Nov. 17
5. Financial Management & Control: Subjectivity
Nov. 24
Readings 8 Case 4
6. Financial Management & Control: Controllership, Environment & Culture
Dec. 1
Readings 9 Wrap–up
7. Extra session
Dec. 8
T.B.D.
The required readings are as follows: 1. Merchant,

Diversity In Accounting
Diversity in accounting leadership roles continues to be a challenge for the accounting profession. During my accounting career I have been employed
by organizations in a variety of industries from retail, sales, service, hospitality and currently a satellite services provider. My personal experience over
the years is a slow growth in diversity within the accounting profession. Even with an increase in woman and people from various ethnic groups
attaining accounting degrees there is still a lack of leadership roles in the accounting profession. There is an increasing change in demographics but
organizations lack leadership in accounting to representing the increasing diverse demographics. Organizations recruit and can maintain talent but lack
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For some organizations diversity training is limited to informative programs, providing networking avenues and sensitivity training. While some
organizations wholly embrace incorporating diversity as paving the road for the organizations future success. The Bureau of Labor Statistics report
dated August 2014 states that for 2013 out of the total employed in the category of Accountants and Auditors 77.8% White, 8.6% Black / African
American, 11.9% Asian and 7.3% Hispanic. These numbers far from represent the face of clients accounting professionals are currently managing.
Corporate diversity programs are visible to employees and easily accessible. Corporate efforts and accomplishments in strategic planning and
implementation of programs are publicly celebrated. Yet labor statistics demonstrate recruiting and maintaining talented diverse employees in the
profession of accounting is a current and ongoing challenge. Based on a 2013 survey diversity in accounting is lagging with only about 25% of
ethnically diverse employees in the accounting profession. (Supply and Demand for Accounting Talent at Record Levels., 2013). Public accounting
firms, private industry and associations such as American Institute of CPA's, National association of Black Accountants, Association of

Financial Accounting And Reporting Of An Organization
Financial Accounting and Reporting course work 1
Title: Financial accounting and reporting
Student Name: Mengting KE
CEG Number: MK24366
Supervisor Name: Nilam Sultan
Date of submission: 14/02/2016
Total word count: 2042
Introduction
According to Black (2009: 2), accounting can be defined simply as the recording, summarizing and interpretation of financial information. A more
detailed definition is that offered by the American Accounting Association (1966), as follows: 'The process of identifying, measuring and
communicating economic information to permit informed judgments and decisions by users of the information'. This means that, in terms of
identifying, this should focus on the key financial segment of an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Income statement is known as 'profit and loss statement'. Normally it shows the revenue and expenses.
The Balance sheet is known as 'Statement of Financial Position). It is showing the assets, liabilities and capital.
The Statement of cash flow is showing the changes in the entity's cash flow during the financial period.
Main users of financial Statements
Users of financial statements are same as stakeholders. Stakeholders can be defined as people who care about the company. But Main users of financial
statements can divide into seven user groups: Investors, Lenders, Suppliers and other trade creditors, Employees, Customers, Governments and their
agencies and The public. According to the financial statement, they can get useful information.
Investors are people who invest money in companies in order to make the profit or get advantages. They need to know whether it has the risk to invest
in this business or company, they need to consider about does this company have an internal financial problem? Also, they need to know how much
they can get after they invested in this company.

Lenders are people who lend money or something to someone or a company. For example, Bank. The Bank needs to know dose this company has the
ability to repay the loans and interest. Also potential lenders need to decide whether to lend or not.
Suppliers and other trade creditors. Suppliers are people who

Accounting Is Within Organizations As A Means Of...
"Accounting is within organizations as a means of determining financial stability. An accountant can help someone who is having a hard time
managing their own personal bills or this can also fall under a company and or business. An accountant is responsible for looking over a companies
overall wealth, profitability, and liquidity. Accounting professional is one of the oldest and most respected professions in the world.
This profession is a systematic process where a person has to be trained in or has already had training in it. They have to know how to identify, record
data, measuring, classifying, verifying, summarizing, interpreting and communicating financial information. This is all important for n accountant to
know for them to be able to help a person who needs help with business or company. They need to be able to tell they company or business about its
profit or loss for a given period of time. They should be able to tell the value and nature of a firm's assests, liabilities and owners equity.
This paper is about accounting, describing how accounting has changed over the last ten years. How much the salaries have changed as well. An
accountance gets paid more now then before; it is also one of those jobs now that more people are going for. The accounting professional that's adding
value today is a business partner with all the other stakeholders in that company. Today people take their taxes to an accountant instead of doing their
papers. That's how the demand

Financial Accounting And Reporting Of An Organization
Financial Accounting and Reporting course work 1
Title: Financial accounting and reporting
Student Name: Mengting KE
CEG Number: MK24366
Supervisor Name: Nilam Sultan
Date of submission: 14/02/2016
Total word count: 2042
Introduction
identifying, this should focus on the key financial segment of an organization, like liabilities, assets and capital. Measuring, on the other hand, refers to
the budget of the company and it shows a true and fair view of the organization. Next, communicating refers to the financial information which is
transmitted to the people who need this information.
In other words, accounting is the language of business which can help stakeholders well understanding the business and make the correct decision.
Also, the purpose of financial accounting is to provide useful information to others to show the value of a company or business. Financial accounting
aims to give information that others can use so that they can understand what the company is valued at.
Financial Statement
There are three financial statements in

Functional Areas of Business
La'Kisha Thomas
University of Phoenix
Management
MGT 521
Greg Luce
February 11, 2013
The functional areas of business are management, law, human resources management, leadership, accounting, finance, economics, research and
statistics, operations management, marketing, and strategic planning. Although, all of the functional areas are essential to the success of a organization,
two areas stand out as key to getting the business started and keeping it profitable, and they are human resources management and the accounting area
(University of Phoenix, 2013).
The Human Resources Management (HRM) area of business focuses on utilizing people as business resources. The HRM is ... Show more content on
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The roles of the managerial accounting manager are to make decisions, forecast and plan, and create budgets for the organization. The accounting
manager has to be detailed and precise in making decisions. The decisions they make are used by the division managers for them to adjust their
strategies for achieving their goals. Decisions made by the manager can range from what the company should charge for a product or service to how
much it should cost the organization to make or supply the product or service. The accuracy of the managerial accounting manager's decisions is
essential to the organizations managers balancing the supply and demand for their areas (Johnson, 2013). The most basic role of the accounting
manager is budgeting. "The budgeting process allows managers to allocate resources to the most financially need departments, and eliminates programs
and departments that are not effectively using the resources" (Managerial Accountant's Role in Business Planning, para. 5).
The budgets that the accounting managers have to generate can vary from industry to industry, but some common budgets are sales, production, and
cash budgets (Johnson, 2013).
Similar to the managerial accounting manager, the financial accounting manager is responsible for generating certain reports that revolve around cost.
However, the

Financial Accounting : Essential For A Management Of...
While I was reading this book, I realized that financial accounting is essential for a management of organizations or companies because leaders have
to know a cash flow in order to keep companies sound. If leaders could not understand balance sheets, income statements and cash flows and not
manage their finance properly, they might experience the lack of cash or could unluckily wrap up their business.
Leaders and even business managers nowadays must have financial competence that was not expected in earlier days. They have to keep accosting
records clearly in order to prepare tax returns. Financial terminology is too difficult for people who do not study to understand. Leaders and managers,
therefore, need to learn basic financial terms to keep their job or to be successful in it. They also need to know the rules of accounting well enough to
achieve their goals without trouble. Leaders and managers need to know what happens in the finance department. They have to continue keep their
eyes on it (Siciliano, 2014).
In my opinion of the article "After his business went sour, he blames M&T and former loan officer," Mr. Drilling might not be a good businessman
and Mr. Whipple seemed to be a loan officer who was not supervised well. I think that both are to blame. The bank also has responsibility for that.
"Want this job? Let me sleep with your girlfriend." I cannot imagine that an interviewer ask about this to interviewees while interviewing. I felt shocked
when I saw this title.

Accounting Is The Key Financial Segment Of An...
Introduction
identifying, this should focus on the key financial segment of an organization, like liabilities, assets and capital. Measuring, on the other hand, refers to
the budget of the company and it shows a true and fair view of the organization. Next, communicating refers to the financial information which is
transmitted to the people who need this information.
In other words, accounting is the language of business which can help stakeholders well understanding the business and make the correct decision.
Also, the purpose of financial accounting is to provide useful information to others to show the value of a company or business. Financial accounting
aims to give information that others can use so that they can understand what the company is valued at.
Financial Statement
There are three financial statements in the accounting – income statement, balance sheet and statement of cash flow.
The Income statement is known as 'profit and loss statement'. Normally it shows the revenue and expenses.
The Balance sheet is known as 'Statement of Financial

Cost Accounting Information Play A Role For Manufacturing...
Cost accounting information play a crucial role for manufacturing organizations in making internal decisions. It is important for management to
understand the cost implications of any decisions that they make for their organizations. Managerial accounting under which cost accounting lies,
provides the management with a break–down of internal manufacturing and operational costs that help them in making the right decisions for their
organizations. Some of the decisions that are made using cost accounting information include pricing decisions, production quantity decisions and
inventory management decisions. It is important for manufacturing firms to monitor internal costs and control them in order to realize profits. This
presentation will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, electricity bills can be considered to be mixed since there is always a fixed charge that is payable regardless of electricity units used and
a variable charge that depends on the number of units of electricity used.
Tata Tea Manufacturing Costs
Tata Tea has fixed costs that amount to $300,000 per year. The fixed cost covers the company's fixed overhead costs, salaries for permanent employees
(who are mostly managerial employees), rent, utility bills, government licenses, etc. The company also has variable costs which are dependent on the
level of activity in the manufacturing process, the raw materials used, labor hours used, variable overhead costs, machine hours, selling and
administration overheads, etc. The company uses two costing methods to evaluate its costs. These are Variable costing and Absorption costing. Tata
Tea manufacturing, and operational costs are computed as follows to arrive at the net income.
Manufacturing Costs Information:$$
Selling price per Kg$ 5.00
Manufacturing costs:
Variable Costs per unit produced:
Direct materials$ 0.20
Direct labor$ 1.30
Variable manufacturing overhead$ 0.50
Fixed manufacturing overhead per year$ 20,000.00
Selling and administrative expenses:
Variable per unit sold$ 0.20
Fixed per year$ 180,000.00 Year 1Year 2
Units in beginning inventory–
Units produced during the year100,500

The Role of Management Accounting in Organizational...
THE ROLE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN ORGANIZATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS: PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE OF AN
ORGANIC APPROACH
Associate Professor Chris Durden School of Business James Cook University PO Box 6811 Cairns, Qld 4870 Australia Phone: +7 4042 1015 Fax: +7
4042 1474 chris.durden@jcu.edu.au
Professor Hector Perera Department of Accounting and Finance Division of Economic and Financial Studies Macquarie University, Sydney Australia
hperera@efs.mq.edu.au
THE ROLE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN ORGANIZATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS: PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE OF AN
ORGANIC APPROACH
Abstract There seems to be recognition in the literature that traditional management accounting and control systems (MAC) have limitations. However,
there is limited ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A focus mainly on conventional financial and non–financial based measurement and control is considered too narrow in scope (Otley, 2003, 2001).
There is an increasing expectation that MAC systems should be innovative in design, flexible in operation, and should enable rapid organisational
change in response to capricious environmental circumstances (Otley, 1994; Otley et al, 1995; Otley, 2001; Nixon & Burns, 2005). This implies an
extension beyond traditional ideas of management accounting and organisational control.
The research presented in this paper examines the interface between MAC and organisational strategy by means of a case study of a New Zealand
manufacturing business operating in a turbulent environment. Key findings relate to the important role of an organic approach in the development and
support of a strategic focus to MAC. A relatively small privately owned business was selected for the research because it has been suggested that,
unlike large public corporations, such organisations often have strong visionary management and may adopt a broader and more inventive management
accounting focus (Mitchell & Reid, 2000; Dillard et al, 2005). Further, such organisations could be seen as potential innovators in relation to MAC
practices.
2

The remainder of the paper is organised into five sections. The next section discusses literature relating to a contemporary MAC framework, which
underpins the focus of the case study. The

Implementing A Performance Management Communication
Implementing a Performance Management Communication An effect communication plan is a critical part of performance management. Performance
management affects everyone in the organization. It helps employees understand how they are contributing to the organizations goals, what is expected
of them, how they are doing, and how they can continue to grow, develop, and add value to the business (Duggan, n.d.). The communication plan
describes what the organization wants to accomplish based on the information they provide their employees such as, the objectives and outcomes
identified. The communication plan should outline individual responsibilities for everyone that is involved in the performance process. In addition, the
communication plan acts as a tool to ensure that everyone has the right information in a timely manner (Duggan, n.d.). Therefore, effectively
communicating a performance management plan will ensure that all participants have a clear and complete message, while ensuring that feedback is
incorporated into the message (Todericiu, Muscalu, & Fraticiu, 2012).
Communication Plan An effective communication plan should address the following questions for all employees within the organization. Without an
effective plan, the organization can suffer from misunderstandings, lack of information, decrease in performance, and suffer from increased employee
turnover.
What is Performance Management? Every employee within the organization should understand what

Universal Set of Principles in the Field of Accounting Essay
Introduction
A principle is defined as a rule, or even an idea that forms the basis of deciding what is wrong and what is right in context to our actions. As
opposed to principles, we all have our own personal practices and traditions, which determine our behavior in the society. These practices are
determined from our culture, society, ancestors, experiences and religion etc. But since we live in a world where every person has their own set of
practices and traditions, we cannot expect to live the way we want and this is where rules and principles come in. The very foundations of any principle
are built upon its underlying morals, ethics and laws, which are expected to be accepted universally (Chippendale, 2001).
A society may have its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The paper then evaluates International Accounting Standards Board's (IASB) attempts to develop a conceptual framework and the current state. In the
final section I will discuss and reflect upon the evidence presented to support the topic of this essay along with a conclusion of facts and ideas presented.
The need for a conceptual framework
As we can understand from above that one person's principle cannot necessarily be another one's too; there needs to be an independent body, which
can produce universally acceptable principles to resolve matters systematically and uniformly. When we talk about the introduction of a universal set
of principles in the field of accounting, it was the famous stock crash of 1929, which wreaked havoc in the financial markets around the globe and
created a situation where the need for generally accepted accounting principles was felt the most! (Lawrence et al, 1993). The resulting economic
downturn, which lasted until 1939, was one of the gravest depressions ever recorded in the history and a lack of universal accounting standards was
blamed to be one of the reasons for over valuation of stocks and overtrading. Although the depression arose in the United States but output losses,
deflation and job cuts were observed all over the globe (Romer, 2003). Between these times the accounting profession started to promote the idea of
independent audits and

Nonprofit Vs. Non-Profit Organization
All organizations big or small, for profit or non–profit have a structure in which dictates how they function. The evolution of communication with
emails, video conferencing, instant messaging, text messages and social media sites has forever changed how organizations communication is
structured. In a global work environment, organizations are now utilizing people with different perceptions, backgrounds and work attitudes (Himmer,
2013). Organizational structure guides coordination and allocation of tasks leading to the organization's goal. An organization structure can specifically
control and instruct how employees behave and what values are accepted by an organization. In a globalized economy, many organizations redesign
their structures to cater towards the ever–changing work environments. Reshaping an organization structure may mean employee's roles and
responsibilities to align with cultural changes, in efforts to become more efficient and productive. Pfizer the global pharmaceutical company has
discovered that many of their staff hired to develop strategies and innovate new ideas, were spending 20 to 40 percent of their time on researching,
creating documents, manipulating data and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Non–profit organizations typically focus on society needs such as feeding the hungry or providing shelter for the home less. Non–profit organization
has no owners and focus on revenue exceeding operational cost (Green, n.d). Where as a for–profit company has an owner or owners and main goal is
maximize profit for the owners and shareholders. Because TV is a luxury item and no one needs it to survive, a non–profit would be a poor structure
choice. Non–profits survive on the ability to help society typically. There of course are some exceptions, REI is a non–profit organization owed and
controlled by its

Forecasting Sales and Developing Budgets
Forecasting Sales and Developing Budgets
Introduction
This paper will synthesize the findings from the Cassar and Gibson (2008) study. Analogies and experiences will also be used to discuss and analyze
the study findings. In addition, the relevance of these findings to the relationship between forecasting methods and budget development will also be
discussed. Finally, this paper will also make recommendations on how organizations may address the strategic relationship between planning and
performance.
A synthesis of the findings from the Cassar and Gibson (2008) study
There are many variables that are used in making forecasts, and these variables include patterns of past sales, sales in the current period, the economic
In other words, the more complex the product is, the more variables there are to consider in developing a sales forecast, especially for an
organization with a new innovation that has no product history to use to create forecasts. This is especially true of new products in the
pharmaceutical industry. It is also likely that the additional variables that will be discussed here were also factors that could have been modified to be
included as part of the Australian firms described above to further analyze the results of each of these organizations in the study in order to improve
forecasting.
Some of the variables that must be considered regarding the pharmaceutical industry might include consumer awareness of the disease state and the
amount of advertising as well as the number of vendors selling similar items (Cook, 2006). Cost is also a factor, as is the propensity for a given
physician to correctly diagnose the disease state that the product covers. Additional factors that affect whether a given patient will actually fill the
prescription and use the medication might include the side effect profile as well as the dosing schedule. If the pharmaceutical is for a child, the taste
of the product would also be a factor to consider, as a competitor may have a better tasting drug that the consumer is more likely to buy in order to
increase compliance despite the better efficacy of the organization's innovation. A weighting process can also be used to

Samsung 's Accounting Probe And Its Impact On The...
In July of 2015, Toshiba Corporation announced that an independent party had discovered that there were accounting irregularities. Accounting
irregularities sounds like a nice way to say, they have uncovered fraud. In addition, Chief Executive Hisao Tanaka's accounting irregularities forced him
to resign. At the time of the initial announcement, the overstatement was thought to be around $3.2 billion in charges ("Toshiba 's Accounting Probe,"
2015, para. 1). How can this happen? The why and how can usually be summed up to greed and poor ethics in the leadership and culture inside of
these large organizations. However, to help us understand the scale of this scandal, it is important to look at the time line and disclosures as the company
By doing so, the seller can recognize some gain or loss related to a project in every accounting period in which the project continues to be active. The
method works best when it is reasonably possible to estimate the stages of project completion on an ongoing basis or at least to estimate the remaining
costs to complete a project. (para.1) Already we start to see that this method in itself is not at fault, but rather it creates an environment where people
who have poor ethics can manipulate the system to provide a more favorable outcome. On May 8, Toshiba announced it was expanding its investigation
and setting up a third–party committee, canceled dividend payments and withdrew its earnings forecast. ("Toshiba 's Accounting Probe," 2015, para.
4). Again, to the outside observer who is paying attention this does not sound good. Clearly the problem was well known and widespread throughout
the organization. On May 13th, Toshiba announces it is likely to take mark downs in operating profit for three years through March of 2014 ("Toshiba
's Accounting Probe", 2015, para. 5). On May 22nd, Toshiba extends the investigation to three more business units (para. 7). This is the first indication
that it might be far more widespread for instances of improper accounting. The company reports that it found 12 instances of irregularities, including not

Computerized Accounting Functions and Organizations...
TYPES OF COMPUTERIZED ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS By Kathy Adams McIntosh, eHow Contributor Businesses use financial information to
create statements and to file income tax returns at the end of the year. Some businesses use manual accounting systems, but many businesses opt for
computerized accounting systems to simplify the process and reduce errors. Businesses can choose between different types of computerized accounting
systems. 1. Purpose * A computerized accounting system serves many purposes for the business owner. It improves accuracy, enhances reporting
capabilities and simplifies recording. Accuracy increases because math processes occur automatically without human error. The business owner can
record each transaction in the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the end of each period, nominal accounts are wiped clean and their values relegated to real accounts. An Explanation of Accounting System
Tracking of Revenue & Expenses By Alan Li, eHow Contributor Nominal accounts are closed out at the end of each accounting time period. In
accounting, the accounts that record the values of individual items and phenomenons can be divided into either real or nominal accounts. Real
accounts are used to keep up to date on lasting items such as assets, liabilities, and equities. In contrast, nominal accounts are used to keep up to date
on certain phenomenon such as revenues and expenses within a set time period. At the end of each period, nominal accounts are wiped clean and
their values relegated to real accounts. 1. Cash and Accrual Bases * Almost all accounting is done on either a cash or an accrual basis. Cash and
accounting bases differ on when revenues and expenses are recognized. Recognition means to record the transaction on the accounts in
acknowledgment of its occurrence. Cash basis recognizes revenues and expenses when cash or cash equivalents are either received or paid out for
either. In contrast, accrual basis recognizes revenues and expenses at the times of their occurrences. Revenue Recognition * Accrual basis accounting
attempts to recognize revenues and expenses at the times of

The Accounting Principles Of Financial Statements And...
Accounting in health care has profound effects on financial statements, and knowing the necessary components to conducting financial reports and
balancing the assets is vital. Many things contribute to the overall foundation of the balance sheet and valuations for the health care organization. A lot
of moving parts are required to keep health care organizations running and afloat for the long–term. One must understand the accounting concepts, and
methods, terminology, in order to explain the various uses on how they apply to balance sheets. Valuing assets andGenerally Accepted Accounting
Principles (GAAP) method is effective for the right valuation as they will be explained in the following paragraphs.
Differences between Cash and Accrual Accounting
Cash accounting is a simple method which deals with revenue and expense within the health care organization and personal uses. This method
can easily apply to everyday people as several people have a personal checkbook; they use to keep track of their expenses and depositing money
every so often. Using a checkbook is how we withdraw money for expenses which is one standard way to pay for items. Cash basis accounting is
also applied when reporting salaries for physicians or registered nurses as an expense and this would allow no revenue of patients treated by
physicians until the following year when profits are collected. As good as method this is for people, accountants strive for a better way to assess the
organizations'

Teaching Accounting And Finance At The Success Of The...
To obtain a challenging position in a company where I can contribute my knowledge and skills in Accounting and Finance to the success of the
organisation, through broadening organisational learning and development, strengthening interpersonal relationships, displaying high level of
professionalism and promoting teamwork in the organisation.
Summary of Qualifications
пЃ¶A dynamic and dedicated Accounting Professional with experience in Sales and Customer Service;
пЃ¶Communication and interpersonal skills, along with client liaison and organisational skills, bolstered by administrative experience in
customer–facing environments;
пЃ¶Analytical and problem solving skills, with the ability to work under pressure and maintain high degree of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Notable Achievements:
пЃ¶Worked as the temporary supervisor of the front counter when the permanent staff was on holiday;
пЃ¶Commended by the supervisor and shop owner for displaying reliability and providing exceptional service
Spring SpiceApril 2014 – September 2014
Store Manager
пЃ¶Supervising the staff in delivering services to ensure customers are satisfied with the food quality and service;
пЃ¶Dealing with suppliers to make sure that stock quality and quantity meet the standards of daily operation;
пЃ¶Being responsible for several operational tasks such as administration, inventories and price changes;
пЃ¶Working closely with team to figure out advertising strategies;
пЃ¶Building rapports with customers in order to keep loyal customers and gain more new customers for the business;
пЃ¶Taking customers complaints and improve the service standards based on those;
пЃ¶Recording daily sales and expenses and reporting to business owner.
Delaware North Companies, Melbourne Area, Australia November 2014– January 2015
Accounting/Finance Intern

пЃ¶Supporting Account Payable staff: sorting and processing daily

Accounting Differences Between Profit And Not For Profit...
Hospitals, schools, religious organizations, and charitable organizations are all not–for–profit organizations. Not–for–profits are either member–serving
or community–serving and focus on providing services to either the members or the community and does not exist to make a profit. Furthering their
cause is more important than making a profit. Member–serving organizations include credit unions, sports clubs, trade unions, retired serviceman's
clubs and their responsibility is to benefit its own members. Community–serving organizations can be local or global, and includes aid and
developments programs, medical research, and education and health services. This paper will look at the accounting differences between for–profit and
not–for–profit organizations. Unlike for–profit organizations, not–for–profits don't have owners, they have a board of directors, many have paid staff
some use volunteers. Not–for–profits can generate excess revenues but they aren't divided to shareholders as for–profit organizations, they must be
retained for the organizations self–preservation, expansion, or future plans. Not–for–profits face strict government regulations. Most larger
organizations are required to publish their financial reports detailing their income and expenditures publicly with the exclusion of churches who don't
have disclose financial information to anyone including church members. An accountants job at a not–for–profit is to prepare budgets and financial
information for grant

Modern Accounting Systems in Modern Organizations
Modern accounting systems have become the foundation from which the modern organization can rely and depend upon to maintain a strong efficient
strategy that will help the organization grow. The modern accounting systems embraces the old accounting practices that have been used for hundreds
of years and builds upon that platform to give modern organizations control over the finances. There must be set in place internal controls to keep the
company assets from being stolen and that is why modern accounting systems utilizes many internal controls with the organization. The modern
accounting system is one of the most valuable assets that a modern organization has in its possession because modern accounting systems make better
use of the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Knowing exactly which accounts are being debited and which accounts are being credited is essential to maintaining financial records and keeping the
organization on the right track for success. Modern accounting uses debits and credits through the accounting equation which is used to determine
what accounts are debited and what accounts are credited to keep a harmonious balance between the debits and credits. The accounting equation is like
the groundwork for the debits and credits and that is why modern accounting systems utilizes the accounting equation no matter what the account may
be because the assets must always equal the liabilities, owners equity. In the modern accounting systems each debit must have a credit to keep the
balance in the accounting equation.
[At] the heart of modern financial accounting is the double–entry book–keeping system. This system involves making at least two entries for every
transaction: a debit in one account, and a corresponding credit in another account. The sum of all debits should always equal the sum of all credits,
providing a simple way to check for [errors] (Sharda Gangwar, 2009).
The third way in which modern accounting systems have made a difference in modern organizations would be with the adjusting process of accounting
to maintain records that are up to date and includes all transactions. If every transaction is completely accounted for in the financial records then the
company will not be in violation of

Financial Accounting Standards Board For Profit And...
Introduction The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) determines financial accounting and reporting standards for profit and nonprofit
organizations that follow the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) (FASB, 2016). The FASB establishes various accounting standards
that better guides the organization financially and promotes transparency with a broader understanding of its financial status through reporting of
useful information that can be provided to future investors and board members. One standard is FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standard
(SFAS) 117 which enhances the "relevance, understandability, and comparability of financial statements issued by those organizations" (FASB, 2016a).
The following paper provides a brief description of the nonprofit organization, the American Littoral Society (Society), summarizes findings of the
financial status of the Society when considering FASB SFAS 117 and their 2015 financial statement (American Littoral Society, 2016); discusses
internal and external control policies; and gives recommendations and conclusions in sustaining financial integrity. The American Littoral Society The
American Littoral Society (Society), established in 1961, is a nonprofit 501(c)3 organization headquartered at the Sandy Hook Gateway National
Refuge located in Highlands, New Jersey. The organization's soul mission is to care for the coast and does so through conservation, restoration,
advocacy, and educational outreach. The

Case Study Of Toshiba
TOSHIBA
Toshiba's is one of Japan's best consumer electronics brands. It's have about 140 years old, but in 2015 after Toshiba's boss has quit the Japanese
conglomerate over a 152bn yen about 780m accounting scandal.
Organization goal:
Organizations exist primarily to achieve their goals to make maximum profits from the sales of widgets. People in organizations from an coherent
whole, identifiable, and work together on the different aspects of the shared organizational task in unified, coherent, mutually interdependent way.
Organizations are rationally designed to achieve those goals that we can deploy human.
There are different between mission, goal, and objective.
Mission: the vocation of person or group of people, and used for a LT guiding vision or vocation
Objective: the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
after accounting scandal Toshiba boss has quit the Japanese conglomerate over a 152bn yen (ВЈ780m) accounting scandal. threatened to undermine
investors' confidence in the country, the government said.
Hisao Tanaka, the company's president and chief executive, will be replaced. Norio Sasaki, who is vice–chairman, Atsutoshi Nishida, who is an
adviser to the company, and Tanaka's predecessors, will also leave. Toshiba overstated its operating profits over several years in accounting
irregularities involving its top management, an independent panel of accountants and lawyers said on Monday.
This scandal $52bn in annual sales has shaken a country that has embarked on sweeping governance reform championed by Prime Minister Shinzo
Abe. It has also raised awkward questions about processes across corporate Japan, in the biggest business scandal since 2011
Question C (6)
Organizations learning
Is an area of knowledge within organizational theory that studies theories and models about the way an organization adapts and

Financial Reporting : Private And Public Accounting
Private Company Financial Reporting
Background Information Private and public accounting have long been discussed and disputed in regards to financial reporting. Since the Financial
Accounting Standards Board (FASB) was created in 1973, accountants have called for different accounting regulations for private and public
accounting sectors, as private companies do not have the resources to meet the complex requirements of public companies. Private companies currently
are not required by law to issue annual or quarterly financial statements. Private companies do, however, have the option to apply the U.S. Generally
Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), cash basis, or accrual accounting to their financial statements (James, 2012). When the FASB was created it
had a mission statement "to establish and improve standards of financial accounting and reporting that foster financial reporting by nongovernmental
entities that provides decision–useful information to investors and other users of financial reports" (James, 2012). FABS was created as the financial
accounting and reporting rules for both private and public companies. However, since financial reporting was so complex, there were other accounting
organizations within FASB that stepped in to assist with creating different accounting policies and procedures for financial reporting. The Financial
Accounting Foundation (FAF), through FASB, and the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) assisted in developing

Change In Accounting For Leases Case Study
Change in Accounting for Leases Sweeping transformation of current lease accounting rules will have widespread impacts for nearly all companies.
Will companies reduce the lease period for a term of less than one year due to the complexity of the new regulation? The globe is dynamics and also
the accounting profession has to be dynamic to respond to changes that occur (Dirksen, 31). On that note, the Financial Accounting Standard Board
(FASB) has introduced a new regulation on how to account for leases (codes 842–10–15–3). Based on FASB rules, leases are classified as either
operating lease or capital lease. The operating lease is usually less than a year and can be canceled at any time; however, the capital lease is
completely the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The latest guidelines may have a broad influence on the lessees on the tax incurred due to leasing if there is no reassessment done. Leasing enables
companies such as airlines that lease aircrafts and retailers that lease stores, to make use of tangible assets and intangible assets without incurring
significant capital outflow during the initial stage of conception. Aswath noted that firms with increasing operating lease expense over time would have
a net capital expenditure reflecting this growth. Therefore, the changes of the standards will have a profound impact on the lessees.
The new theoretical change will increase transparency. The core principle of the new guidance is that lessees are obligated to recognize the assets and
liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than twelve months, regardless of the classification as either financial or operating lease, on the balance
sheet as a right–of–use asset and corresponding liability. The decision on whether lessees should consider accounting for leases on a yearly basis is
fundamental and will be influenced by the management perception of the new regulations. However, it will tend to create complexity in accounting if
an organization decides to account for leases for a longer period. That notwithstanding, it has to be noted that businesses have to make profits by
cutting costs and this can be achieved via economy of scale

Organizational Norms Paper
Norms are a standard, model or pattern, and organizational culture is the customs, rituals, and values shared by the members of an organization that
have to be accepted by new members. "Norms may be written or unwritten, verbalized or not verbalized implicit or explicit. As long as individual
members of the group understand them, the norms can be effective in influencing behavior." (OrgB 4, pg. 138). My curiosity is how the norms and
culture of a profession such as Accounting might differ from the norms of an organization as a whole, and conversely how they might be similar.
"Formalized norms are written up in organizational manuals that set out rules and procedures for employees to follow, but by far, most norms in
organizations are informal." ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A norm of spectacular customer service will sell your products and engage your employees. Tolerating poor performance or exhibiting a lack of
discipline to maintain established processes and systems will impede your success." (Heathfield). Which is true of subsystems and organizations as a
whole, if one department is not accountable for what they are responsible for, the organization as a whole, can fail. Subsystem norms must to align with
organizational norms and culture, otherwise, "when your work culture is strong, most people in the group agree on the culture. When your work
culture is weak, people do not agree on the culture. Sometimes a weak organizational culture can be the result of many subcultures, or the shared values,
assumptions, and behaviors of a subset of the organization." (Heathfield). "When the organization culture supports teamwork, team members
understand how the strategy of using teams fits in the total context of their organization's strategic plan and success goals." (Heathfield). Furthermore,
"in a successful team culture, teams understand where their work fits in the total context of the organization's mission, goals, principles, vision, and
values." (Heathfield).
In conclusion, accounting, while being a profession capable of making its own norms, specifically by being more task focused than people focused,
will still need to align its norms in a way that will complement the norms of the organization. "Values alignment helps the organization as a whole to
achieve its core mission. When values are out of alignment, people work towards different goals, with different intentions, and with different outcomes.
This can damage work relationships, productivity, job satisfaction and creative potential."

Forensic Accounting and Your Organization
Forensic Accounting and Your Organization 1
Running Head: FORENSIC ACCOUNTING: WHAT IT CAN DO FOR YOUR ORGANIZATION
Forensic Accounting: What It Can Do For Your Organization
Kira Bailey
Dr. Harper
BUS 520
Strayer University
Charleston, SC
ABSTRACT
Forensic accounting is the application of financial skills and an investigative mentality to unresolved issues, conducted within the context of the rules
of evidence. Organizations hire forensic accountants for guidance when evaluating potential business transactions to look for suspicious signs of
accounting activity, provide expertise during litigations, look for signs of suspicious activity and fraud by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If a dispute is brought to the courts notice, the forensic accountant can testify as a witness. The world of forensic accounting involves grasping the
seriousness of a situation and looking beyond numbers. It is more than just your regular accounting or basic detective work. Because it has such unique
elements, it is an unusual combination that has been and will always be in demand. The forensic market has seen a great deal of activity in recent years
and is set to continue in the future. The growth of regulatory compliance requirements and the increase in fraud has seen a related growth in demand

for forensic accountants and forensic technologists both within and outside the profession. Research confirms that preventing fraud and revealing
deceptive accounting practices are in strong demand. Forensic accounting procedures to detect financial
reporting fraud should be increased. Fraud costs companies in the United States $652 billion dollars annually. Fraud is a widespread problem that
affects every organization regardless of size, location or industry. There has been an 80% increase in FBI corporate fraud cases since 2003 (US
Department of Justice, 2008) and a 26% increase in U.S. identity theft convictions since 2007 (Identity Theft Task Report, 2008). Audit teams need to
be trained to incorporate more forensic accounting procedures into their audit practices and retain more forensic

The Roles Of The Social Pillar And Legitimacy Theory In...
Environmental Pillar
With the global warming and climate change posing imminent threat to the world, companies are now taking measures to reduce the negative impact to
the environment caused by their organization. This may include reducing carbon footprint, finding renewable energy sources, and having policies to
reduce pollution (Nyfeler, 2013). Social Pillar
The organization must maintain the support of its employees, the stakeholders, the community, and thegovernment. The social Pillar appeals to the
moral sense of the society. As an organization, it must ensure that its policies and means of production ensure the welfare and rights not just of the
employees and stakeholders, but also of the consumers and general public (Journeault, 2016). Economic Pillar
The main responsibility of an organization or a company is to ensure that it remains profitable. However, the Economic Pillar does not focus only on
the profitability of a company. It focuses on the responsibility of companies to dutifully comply with all state regulations and policies, and ensure
credibility and integrity of its public disclosures. A sustainable economic model suggests an efficient allocation and even–handed distribution of
resources (Journeault, 2016). 3.2.3 Legitimacy Theory in Accounting
In accounting, according to Tilling (2014), there are two major classes of Legitimacy Theory. The first one is on an "Institutional Level" while the other
one is the "Organizational Level." What is important is that Legitimacy Theory is all about conforming to the Social Contract of the society, or in this
case, of the nation in which the organization is functioning. Institutional Level
The institutional legitimacy refers to how an organization gained acceptance from the society as a whole at large. Legitimacy and Institutionalization
become the same as for an organization to become a recognized institution, its values, principles, purpose and goals must have been long before
established as socially accepted. Institutional matters affect all individual actions, influence cooperation and are vital in distinguishing growth and
stagnation, wealth and poverty (Colombatto, 2012).
There are four main factors for Legitimacy Theory at

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