Whitebloodcells
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•480 views
White blood cells are spherical cells that lack hemoglobin and form a thin layer between plasma and red blood cells when blood is separated. They have two main functions: to protect the body from microorganisms and remove dead cells and debris. White blood cells are classified into two groups - granulocytes, which contain cytoplasmic granules, and agranulocytes, which contain very small granules. The main types of white blood cells are neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, each with distinct characteristics and roles in the immune system.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Structure of wbcs
Structure of wbcsDr. Alamzeb Associate professor ,HOD Physiology Saidu Medical College saidu Sharif Swat Pakistan
This document discusses the structure and functions of different types of leukocytes (white blood cells) found in the blood. It describes the characteristics and roles of granulocytes like neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. It also summarizes monocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, and plasma cells - discussing their origins, structures, and functions in the immune system and blood clotting process.Blood and lymphatic system
Blood has four main functions: carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide, removing waste, transporting nutrients, and fighting infections. It contains red blood cells, which carry oxygen and carbon dioxide using hemoglobin, an iron-rich protein. White blood cells help fight infection as part of the immune system. Platelets help blood clot to prevent excessive bleeding from injuries. Blood type is determined by antigens, and certain types cannot be mixed in transfusions. Diseases of the blood include anemias like sickle cell anemia and leukemias, in which too many white blood cells are produced. The lymphatic system carries lymph containing white blood cells and filters it through lymph nodes to fight infection. AIDS weakens this system by infect
INFLAMMATION: Lecture - 3
This document discusses inflammation and the plasma protein-derived mediators involved, including the kinin system, clotting system, fibrinolytic system, and complement system. It describes the pathways and interactions of these systems, their effects on inflammation, and their regulation. It also discusses the cells involved in acute and chronic inflammation, including monocytes, macrophages, giant cells, and their roles in phagocytosis, cytokine production, tissue degradation, and chemotaxis.
Anatomy unit 3 cardio and respiratory system blood composition notes
Blood transports nutrients and waste throughout the body. It contains living components like red blood cells and white blood cells, as well as nonliving components such as platelets, proteins, and plasma. Red blood cells carry oxygen using hemoglobin, while white blood cells help fight infection. Plasma is mostly water that carries proteins and inorganic compounds. Anemia occurs when oxygen is not carried properly to tissues, causing symptoms like fatigue, and can be caused by issues with red blood cell shape as in sickle cell anemia.
Blood #5, Platelets & Hemostasis - Physiology
This document summarizes key information about platelets:
Platelets are small, granulated, and non-nucleated cell fragments that are 2-4 micrometers in diameter. They are produced from megakaryocytes at a rate of 400,000-150,000 per cubic millimeter of blood, and have an average lifespan of 8 days. Platelets play a critical role in hemostasis, the process of stopping bleeding, through adhesion, activation, aggregation, and formation of a platelet plug. Their cytoplasm contains various proteins, organelles, and granules that enable activation and responses to injury.
Chapter 17 blood q and a part 1
The document summarizes key information about the components and functions of blood. It describes the three main components of blood as plasma, buffy coat, and erythrocytes. Plasma is the liquid portion that transports cells, nutrients, waste, etc. The buffy coat contains white blood cells and platelets. Erythrocytes are red blood cells that contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. The functions of blood include distribution of materials, regulation of pH and temperature, and protection from infection and blood loss. Anemias occur when the blood has a low oxygen-carrying capacity due to issues like blood loss, lack of nutrients, or bone marrow disorders.
Vd and compatment models
1) Compartment models represent the body as a series of compartments that communicate reversibly with each other. They allow quantitative description of pharmacokinetic behavior.
2) Common compartment models include one, two, and three compartment models. The one compartment model treats the body as a single homogenous unit. The two compartment model assumes drug transport between a central and peripheral compartment. The three compartment model includes a central, tissue, and deep tissue compartment.
3) Compartment models are useful for drug formulation, characterizing individual drug behavior, bioequivalence studies, and determining effects of disease on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. They can also explain drug interactions.
section 1, chapter 14: blood
This document provides an overview of blood and its components. It discusses the functions of blood which include transporting gases, nutrients, wastes, and hormones. Blood is a connective tissue composed of formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) suspended in plasma. Red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, white blood cells provide immunity, and platelets aid in blood clotting. Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cells from stem cells in bone marrow. The document describes the different types of blood cells and their characteristics and functions.
Recommended
Structure of wbcs
Structure of wbcsDr. Alamzeb Associate professor ,HOD Physiology Saidu Medical College saidu Sharif Swat Pakistan
This document discusses the structure and functions of different types of leukocytes (white blood cells) found in the blood. It describes the characteristics and roles of granulocytes like neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. It also summarizes monocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, and plasma cells - discussing their origins, structures, and functions in the immune system and blood clotting process.Blood and lymphatic system
Blood has four main functions: carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide, removing waste, transporting nutrients, and fighting infections. It contains red blood cells, which carry oxygen and carbon dioxide using hemoglobin, an iron-rich protein. White blood cells help fight infection as part of the immune system. Platelets help blood clot to prevent excessive bleeding from injuries. Blood type is determined by antigens, and certain types cannot be mixed in transfusions. Diseases of the blood include anemias like sickle cell anemia and leukemias, in which too many white blood cells are produced. The lymphatic system carries lymph containing white blood cells and filters it through lymph nodes to fight infection. AIDS weakens this system by infect
INFLAMMATION: Lecture - 3
This document discusses inflammation and the plasma protein-derived mediators involved, including the kinin system, clotting system, fibrinolytic system, and complement system. It describes the pathways and interactions of these systems, their effects on inflammation, and their regulation. It also discusses the cells involved in acute and chronic inflammation, including monocytes, macrophages, giant cells, and their roles in phagocytosis, cytokine production, tissue degradation, and chemotaxis.
Anatomy unit 3 cardio and respiratory system blood composition notes
Blood transports nutrients and waste throughout the body. It contains living components like red blood cells and white blood cells, as well as nonliving components such as platelets, proteins, and plasma. Red blood cells carry oxygen using hemoglobin, while white blood cells help fight infection. Plasma is mostly water that carries proteins and inorganic compounds. Anemia occurs when oxygen is not carried properly to tissues, causing symptoms like fatigue, and can be caused by issues with red blood cell shape as in sickle cell anemia.
Blood #5, Platelets & Hemostasis - Physiology
This document summarizes key information about platelets:
Platelets are small, granulated, and non-nucleated cell fragments that are 2-4 micrometers in diameter. They are produced from megakaryocytes at a rate of 400,000-150,000 per cubic millimeter of blood, and have an average lifespan of 8 days. Platelets play a critical role in hemostasis, the process of stopping bleeding, through adhesion, activation, aggregation, and formation of a platelet plug. Their cytoplasm contains various proteins, organelles, and granules that enable activation and responses to injury.
Chapter 17 blood q and a part 1
The document summarizes key information about the components and functions of blood. It describes the three main components of blood as plasma, buffy coat, and erythrocytes. Plasma is the liquid portion that transports cells, nutrients, waste, etc. The buffy coat contains white blood cells and platelets. Erythrocytes are red blood cells that contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. The functions of blood include distribution of materials, regulation of pH and temperature, and protection from infection and blood loss. Anemias occur when the blood has a low oxygen-carrying capacity due to issues like blood loss, lack of nutrients, or bone marrow disorders.
Vd and compatment models
1) Compartment models represent the body as a series of compartments that communicate reversibly with each other. They allow quantitative description of pharmacokinetic behavior.
2) Common compartment models include one, two, and three compartment models. The one compartment model treats the body as a single homogenous unit. The two compartment model assumes drug transport between a central and peripheral compartment. The three compartment model includes a central, tissue, and deep tissue compartment.
3) Compartment models are useful for drug formulation, characterizing individual drug behavior, bioequivalence studies, and determining effects of disease on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. They can also explain drug interactions.
section 1, chapter 14: blood
This document provides an overview of blood and its components. It discusses the functions of blood which include transporting gases, nutrients, wastes, and hormones. Blood is a connective tissue composed of formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) suspended in plasma. Red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, white blood cells provide immunity, and platelets aid in blood clotting. Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cells from stem cells in bone marrow. The document describes the different types of blood cells and their characteristics and functions.
Unit III, chapter-1-Body fluids and Blood
Body fluids serve as a medium for transporting nutrients and waste throughout the body. The most abundant body fluids are interstitial fluid and blood plasma. Total body fluid is distributed between extracellular fluid, containing interstitial fluid and plasma, and intracellular fluid within cells. Blood transports gases, nutrients, waste products, and helps regulate pH and temperature. Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cells in the bone marrow from stem cells. Blood groups are classified by antigens on red blood cells in the ABO and Rh systems, which determine transfusion compatibility.
Anatomy unit 3 cardio and respiratory system blood composition notes
This document provides an overview of the components of blood and their functions. It discusses that blood contains living components like red blood cells and white blood cells, as well as non-living components like platelets and plasma. Red blood cells carry oxygen using hemoglobin, while white blood cells help fight infection. The different types of white blood cells, including neutrophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils, each have specialized roles in the immune response. The document also covers anemia, explaining its causes and symptoms, and focuses on two specific types: sickle cell anemia and hereditary spherocytosis.
Human Lymphatic System
The lymphatic system protects the body from pathogens, removes excess fluid from tissues, and transports fatty acids and fats. It is composed of lymph capillaries that drain fluid from tissues into lymph nodes, where the fluid is filtered before returning to blood circulation. Major organs of the lymphatic system include the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and tonsils, which help the body fight infection by producing lymphocytes and filtering the lymph fluid.
Biochemical composition and functions of blood and lymph
Blood has three main functions: transport, protection, and regulation. It transports gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and heat. White blood cells protect the body by destroying pathogens and cancer cells, while platelets help with blood clotting. Blood also helps regulate pH and water balance. It is composed of plasma and formed elements, including red blood cells, which carry oxygen and carbon dioxide, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells are biconcave discs that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide via hemoglobin.
Peripheral blood
1. Plasma is the liquid component of blood in which formed elements such as cells and platelets are suspended. It makes up 55% of total blood volume.
2. When blood is centrifuged, it separates into distinct layers - the bottom layer contains erythrocytes, the thin middle layer contains leukocytes and platelets, and the remaining clear fluid is plasma.
3. The main functions of red blood cells include transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hormones throughout the body. White blood cells and platelets are involved in defense against infection and clotting at the site of injury.
Gcse blood composition
Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets suspended in plasma. Red blood cells carry oxygen through hemoglobin and are biconcave discs that can bend to pass through narrow capillaries, increasing surface area for gas exchange. White blood cells include lymphocytes that produce antibodies and phagocytes that engulf pathogens. Platelets release enzymes when exposed to air or fatty deposits that cause fibrinogen to become fibrin and blood to clot, preventing pathogens from entering wounds.
The Blood and Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation
The document discusses the functions of blood and its components. Blood transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and removes waste throughout the body via circulation. It is composed of plasma and formed elements like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues, enabling gas exchange. Blood also maintains homeostasis by regulating pH and temperature. Problems with blood composition or circulation can impair tissue function.
Effusion cytology.pptx
This document discusses effusion cytology, including the types and sampling of serous effusions. Serous effusions can occur in the pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial cavities and can be transudates or exudates. Transudates have little protein and few cells while exudates are rich in protein and cells. Effusions are usually sampled via thoracentesis, paracentesis, or pericardiocentesis. Normal components in effusions include mesothelial cells, histiocytes, lymphocytes, and collagen balls. Neoplastic effusions may contain malignant cells and have a more sudden onset than non-neoplastic effusions which are devoid of cancer cells.
Blood
It is the liquid connective tissue. It is composed of an extracellular matrix called as blood plasma that dissolves and suspends various cells and cell fragments
9.reticuloendothelial cells
The reticuloendothelial system (RES) consists of macrophages found in the liver, brain, lungs, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and intestine that help defend the body. RES cells are classified into two types: fixed tissue macrophages located in connective tissue, blood vessels, and organs like the spleen and liver, and wandering monocytes and neutrophils in the blood and lymph system. The RES performs important functions like phagocytosis of pathogens, secretion of cytokines and growth factors, and removal of old red blood cells and carbon particles from the body.
THROMBOSIS
Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot or thrombus within a blood vessel. Virchow's triad describes the key factors that predispose to thrombosis: endothelial injury, altered blood flow, and hypercoagulability. Thrombosis occurs through platelet activation and aggregation, and activation of the coagulation cascade following vascular injury. Thrombi can cause ischemic injury by blocking blood flow or thromboembolism by dislodging and blocking vessels downstream. The fate of a thrombus includes resolution, organization, propagation or thromboembolism.
4. body fluid & blood
Body fluids and blood
Body fluids, composition and functions of blood, hemopoeisis, formation of
hemoglobin, anemia, mechanisms of coagulation, blood grouping, Rh factors,
transfusion, its significance and disorders of blood, Reticulo endothelial system.
Blood
Blood is a red fluid composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and removes waste throughout the body via the circulatory system. Blood plasma constitutes about 55% of blood volume and contains water, proteins, inorganic salts, and other organic substances. Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells help fight infection, and platelets assist in clotting. Blood must maintain a precise pH to avoid damaging cells.
CIRCULATORY DISTURBANCES OF OBSTRUCTIVE NATURE: THROMBOSIS
1. The document discusses hemodynamic disorders, thromboembolic disease, and shock. It covers topics such as thrombosis, thrombus formation, hypercoagulable states, and the fate of thrombi.
2. Thrombosis is the formation of a solid mass or thrombus in the circulatory system. Virchow's triad describes the key events in thrombus formation - endothelial injury, altered blood flow, and hypercoagulability.
3. Thrombus formation involves platelet activation at the site of injury, release of coagulation factors, and formation of a fibrin clot. Hypercoagulable states increase the risk of developing venous thrombosis.
Blood composition
Red blood cells carry oxygen to tissues via the bloodstream. They lack a nucleus and organelles to maximize oxygen carrying capacity. White blood cells defend against pathogens through phagocytosis or antibody production. Platelets contain clotting factors and promote clot formation at sites of injury. Plasma is mostly water carrying nutrients, waste, hormones, and antibodies. It maintains electrolyte balance and protects against infection.
Blood
The document discusses the components of human blood. It describes that blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, white blood cells provide immunity, platelets help with clotting, and plasma is mostly water that carries the other components. All humans produce these same blood components.
Basic ap chapter 18 powerpoint 2017
This document summarizes key components of the cardiovascular system, including blood, its composition and functions. It describes the three main components of blood - plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells. Red blood cells transport oxygen, white blood cells help fight infection, and platelets help with clotting. The document outlines the roles of different white blood cell types and discusses conditions like sickle cell anemia and polycythemia. In summary, it provides an overview of the components and functions of blood within the cardiovascular system.
Circulatory system -The blood
This presentation is on the topic blood from circulatory system. The presentation can be used in anatomy & physiology for B.Sc Nursing and GNM students.
Blood smear preparation, fixation, staining. Veterinary Clinical Examination ...
How to make a blood smear, including all steps: Preparation, fixation and staining. Veterinary clinical Examination for small and large animals. Methanol - Fixation. Additionaly basic information about blood.
Unit 3 blood gnm
Blood is a connective tissue composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. Blood also helps fight infections through white blood cells and forms clots to prevent blood loss through platelets. There are four main blood types in the ABO system (A, B, AB, and O) based on antigens on red blood cells, and a separate Rh system of positive or negative blood based on another antigen. Proper blood typing is important for safe blood transfusions.
White blood cells
- Blood functions to transport gases, nutrients, waste and cells throughout the body. It also regulates pH, temperature and protects against disease and blood loss.
- Blood consists of blood cells suspended in plasma. The main blood cells are red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide while white blood cells protect against infection.
- Plasma contains water, proteins, lipids, salts and glucose. It helps maintain blood pressure and transports hormones, nutrients and waste products.
White blood cells v5
B. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is the most likely diagnosis. MDS is characterized by dysplastic cells of all three lineages in the bone marrow, leading to peripheral cytopenias. The findings of macrocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and Pelger-Huet neutrophils on blood film are consistent with MDS. The bone marrow biopsy also showed a normocellular marrow. MDS commonly presents in the elderly and has no known cause in many cases.
More Related Content
What's hot
Unit III, chapter-1-Body fluids and Blood
Body fluids serve as a medium for transporting nutrients and waste throughout the body. The most abundant body fluids are interstitial fluid and blood plasma. Total body fluid is distributed between extracellular fluid, containing interstitial fluid and plasma, and intracellular fluid within cells. Blood transports gases, nutrients, waste products, and helps regulate pH and temperature. Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cells in the bone marrow from stem cells. Blood groups are classified by antigens on red blood cells in the ABO and Rh systems, which determine transfusion compatibility.
Anatomy unit 3 cardio and respiratory system blood composition notes
This document provides an overview of the components of blood and their functions. It discusses that blood contains living components like red blood cells and white blood cells, as well as non-living components like platelets and plasma. Red blood cells carry oxygen using hemoglobin, while white blood cells help fight infection. The different types of white blood cells, including neutrophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils, each have specialized roles in the immune response. The document also covers anemia, explaining its causes and symptoms, and focuses on two specific types: sickle cell anemia and hereditary spherocytosis.
Human Lymphatic System
The lymphatic system protects the body from pathogens, removes excess fluid from tissues, and transports fatty acids and fats. It is composed of lymph capillaries that drain fluid from tissues into lymph nodes, where the fluid is filtered before returning to blood circulation. Major organs of the lymphatic system include the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and tonsils, which help the body fight infection by producing lymphocytes and filtering the lymph fluid.
Biochemical composition and functions of blood and lymph
Blood has three main functions: transport, protection, and regulation. It transports gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and heat. White blood cells protect the body by destroying pathogens and cancer cells, while platelets help with blood clotting. Blood also helps regulate pH and water balance. It is composed of plasma and formed elements, including red blood cells, which carry oxygen and carbon dioxide, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells are biconcave discs that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide via hemoglobin.
Peripheral blood
1. Plasma is the liquid component of blood in which formed elements such as cells and platelets are suspended. It makes up 55% of total blood volume.
2. When blood is centrifuged, it separates into distinct layers - the bottom layer contains erythrocytes, the thin middle layer contains leukocytes and platelets, and the remaining clear fluid is plasma.
3. The main functions of red blood cells include transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hormones throughout the body. White blood cells and platelets are involved in defense against infection and clotting at the site of injury.
Gcse blood composition
Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets suspended in plasma. Red blood cells carry oxygen through hemoglobin and are biconcave discs that can bend to pass through narrow capillaries, increasing surface area for gas exchange. White blood cells include lymphocytes that produce antibodies and phagocytes that engulf pathogens. Platelets release enzymes when exposed to air or fatty deposits that cause fibrinogen to become fibrin and blood to clot, preventing pathogens from entering wounds.
The Blood and Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation
The document discusses the functions of blood and its components. Blood transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and removes waste throughout the body via circulation. It is composed of plasma and formed elements like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues, enabling gas exchange. Blood also maintains homeostasis by regulating pH and temperature. Problems with blood composition or circulation can impair tissue function.
Effusion cytology.pptx
This document discusses effusion cytology, including the types and sampling of serous effusions. Serous effusions can occur in the pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial cavities and can be transudates or exudates. Transudates have little protein and few cells while exudates are rich in protein and cells. Effusions are usually sampled via thoracentesis, paracentesis, or pericardiocentesis. Normal components in effusions include mesothelial cells, histiocytes, lymphocytes, and collagen balls. Neoplastic effusions may contain malignant cells and have a more sudden onset than non-neoplastic effusions which are devoid of cancer cells.
Blood
It is the liquid connective tissue. It is composed of an extracellular matrix called as blood plasma that dissolves and suspends various cells and cell fragments
9.reticuloendothelial cells
The reticuloendothelial system (RES) consists of macrophages found in the liver, brain, lungs, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and intestine that help defend the body. RES cells are classified into two types: fixed tissue macrophages located in connective tissue, blood vessels, and organs like the spleen and liver, and wandering monocytes and neutrophils in the blood and lymph system. The RES performs important functions like phagocytosis of pathogens, secretion of cytokines and growth factors, and removal of old red blood cells and carbon particles from the body.
THROMBOSIS
Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot or thrombus within a blood vessel. Virchow's triad describes the key factors that predispose to thrombosis: endothelial injury, altered blood flow, and hypercoagulability. Thrombosis occurs through platelet activation and aggregation, and activation of the coagulation cascade following vascular injury. Thrombi can cause ischemic injury by blocking blood flow or thromboembolism by dislodging and blocking vessels downstream. The fate of a thrombus includes resolution, organization, propagation or thromboembolism.
4. body fluid & blood
Body fluids and blood
Body fluids, composition and functions of blood, hemopoeisis, formation of
hemoglobin, anemia, mechanisms of coagulation, blood grouping, Rh factors,
transfusion, its significance and disorders of blood, Reticulo endothelial system.
Blood
Blood is a red fluid composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and removes waste throughout the body via the circulatory system. Blood plasma constitutes about 55% of blood volume and contains water, proteins, inorganic salts, and other organic substances. Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells help fight infection, and platelets assist in clotting. Blood must maintain a precise pH to avoid damaging cells.
CIRCULATORY DISTURBANCES OF OBSTRUCTIVE NATURE: THROMBOSIS
1. The document discusses hemodynamic disorders, thromboembolic disease, and shock. It covers topics such as thrombosis, thrombus formation, hypercoagulable states, and the fate of thrombi.
2. Thrombosis is the formation of a solid mass or thrombus in the circulatory system. Virchow's triad describes the key events in thrombus formation - endothelial injury, altered blood flow, and hypercoagulability.
3. Thrombus formation involves platelet activation at the site of injury, release of coagulation factors, and formation of a fibrin clot. Hypercoagulable states increase the risk of developing venous thrombosis.
Blood composition
Red blood cells carry oxygen to tissues via the bloodstream. They lack a nucleus and organelles to maximize oxygen carrying capacity. White blood cells defend against pathogens through phagocytosis or antibody production. Platelets contain clotting factors and promote clot formation at sites of injury. Plasma is mostly water carrying nutrients, waste, hormones, and antibodies. It maintains electrolyte balance and protects against infection.
Blood
The document discusses the components of human blood. It describes that blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, white blood cells provide immunity, platelets help with clotting, and plasma is mostly water that carries the other components. All humans produce these same blood components.
Basic ap chapter 18 powerpoint 2017
This document summarizes key components of the cardiovascular system, including blood, its composition and functions. It describes the three main components of blood - plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells. Red blood cells transport oxygen, white blood cells help fight infection, and platelets help with clotting. The document outlines the roles of different white blood cell types and discusses conditions like sickle cell anemia and polycythemia. In summary, it provides an overview of the components and functions of blood within the cardiovascular system.
Circulatory system -The blood
This presentation is on the topic blood from circulatory system. The presentation can be used in anatomy & physiology for B.Sc Nursing and GNM students.
Blood smear preparation, fixation, staining. Veterinary Clinical Examination ...
How to make a blood smear, including all steps: Preparation, fixation and staining. Veterinary clinical Examination for small and large animals. Methanol - Fixation. Additionaly basic information about blood.
Unit 3 blood gnm
Blood is a connective tissue composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. Blood also helps fight infections through white blood cells and forms clots to prevent blood loss through platelets. There are four main blood types in the ABO system (A, B, AB, and O) based on antigens on red blood cells, and a separate Rh system of positive or negative blood based on another antigen. Proper blood typing is important for safe blood transfusions.
What's hot (20)
Anatomy unit 3 cardio and respiratory system blood composition notes
Anatomy unit 3 cardio and respiratory system blood composition notes
Biochemical composition and functions of blood and lymph
Biochemical composition and functions of blood and lymph
CIRCULATORY DISTURBANCES OF OBSTRUCTIVE NATURE: THROMBOSIS
CIRCULATORY DISTURBANCES OF OBSTRUCTIVE NATURE: THROMBOSIS
Blood smear preparation, fixation, staining. Veterinary Clinical Examination ...
Blood smear preparation, fixation, staining. Veterinary Clinical Examination ...
Viewers also liked
White blood cells
- Blood functions to transport gases, nutrients, waste and cells throughout the body. It also regulates pH, temperature and protects against disease and blood loss.
- Blood consists of blood cells suspended in plasma. The main blood cells are red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide while white blood cells protect against infection.
- Plasma contains water, proteins, lipids, salts and glucose. It helps maintain blood pressure and transports hormones, nutrients and waste products.
White blood cells v5
B. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is the most likely diagnosis. MDS is characterized by dysplastic cells of all three lineages in the bone marrow, leading to peripheral cytopenias. The findings of macrocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and Pelger-Huet neutrophils on blood film are consistent with MDS. The bone marrow biopsy also showed a normocellular marrow. MDS commonly presents in the elderly and has no known cause in many cases.
Leucocytes Physiology by Dr.M.Anthony David MD
This document summarizes the different types of white blood cells or leukocytes. It describes that leukocytes are formed in the bone marrow and lymphoid tissue and are rapidly deployed through the blood to sites of infection and inflammation. The main types of leukocytes are granulocytes like neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, and agranulocytes like monocytes and lymphocytes. Neutrophils are the most abundant type and act as the frontline defense by phagocytosing bacteria and viruses.
Wbc
This document summarizes the role of white blood cells (leukocytes) in the immune system. It discusses the different types of leukocytes produced in the bone marrow and lymphatic tissues, including granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, and their functions. It describes how leukocytes are transported through the body, engage in processes like chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and inflammation to fight pathogens. The lifespan and responses of different white blood cells are also covered, along with their importance in the immune response and forming pus to isolate infections.
Diseases involving white blood cells in oral pathology
This document discusses various conditions related to abnormalities in white blood cell counts, including leukopenia (low white blood cell count) and leukocytosis (high white blood cell count). It provides details on specific types of leukopenia such as agranulocytosis and cyclic neutropenia. It also covers causes and clinical manifestations of these conditions as they relate to the oral cavity. Additionally, it discusses leukocytosis and associated diseases like infectious mononucleosis and various forms of leukemia.
red blood cells, White blood cells & platelets
A blood film or peripheral blood smear involves spreading a thin layer of blood on a microscope slide and staining it to examine the various blood cells microscopically. It is usually done to investigate hematological problems. The document then describes how to prepare a blood film and provides details about the different types of blood cells - red blood cells, white blood cells including granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and agranulocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes). It also discusses platelets, their production in the bone marrow and functions.
Wbc structure and functions
The document summarizes the major functions and components of blood. It discusses how blood transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones and removes waste products while regulating pH and temperature. Blood also protects the body through clotting and the immune response. The components of blood include red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma. Abnormalities can cause issues like anemia or clotting disorders.
LEUCOCYTES
This document provides information about white blood cells (leukocytes):
- It describes the main types of leukocytes - granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and agranulocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes). It details their morphology, counts, functions and factors that cause their levels to vary.
- The formation (leukopoiesis), regulation and lifespan of white blood cells is explained. Key processes like phagocytosis, respiratory burst and neutrophil recruitment are summarized.
- Specific details are given about each type of leukocyte - their size, nuclear morphology, cytoplasmic granules, functions and causes of increased/decreased counts.
Blood Cells and Blood Type Lesson PowerPoint, Make Blood Soup
This PowerPoint Review Game is one very small part of a larger science unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit comes with a bundled homework package, detailed lesson notes, worksheets, review games, and much more. The Human Body Systems and Health Topics Unit uses a 13 Part 8,500 slide interactive PowerPoint full of critical class notes, review opportunities, video and academic links, and much more to deliver an entire unit of study. Learn more at www.sciencepowerpoint.com
Students learn about blood cells, take notes, answer questions, make blood soup with kitchen staples, and learn about blood types
Blood Cells and Blood Type Lesson PowerPoint, Anatomy Lesson, Circulatory System
White blood cell disorders
White Blood Cell Disorders can affect neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and mast cells. Neutropenia is classified by severity based on absolute neutrophil count and risk of infection. Causes include acquired conditions like drugs/infections or congenital disorders. Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a broad condition caused by primary or secondary eosinophilia leading to tissue damage. Diagnosis involves ruling out secondary causes and identifying organ involvement. Treatment depends on etiology and includes steroids, hydroxyurea, interferon-alpha, imatinib or anti-IL-5 antibodies.
White blood cells
White blood cells (WBCs), also known as leukocytes, are cells of the immune system that defend the body against infection and foreign substances. WBCs are produced in the bone marrow and found throughout the body, including in blood and lymph nodes. They have various roles like producing antibodies, surrounding and destroying bacteria, and have short lifecycles of a few days to weeks. A WBC count is used to measure the number of WBCs in the blood and can indicate conditions like infection, leukemia, or pregnancy.
Blood physiology
Erythropoietin (EPO) secreted by kidney
Inhibitor: High concentration of O2 in kidney
Life span of RBC: 120 days
RBC metabolism: anaerobic glycolysis [reason for
Heinz body and G6PD deficiency anemia]
RBC destruction: spleen and macrophage in liver,
bone marrow [reason for spherocytosis and
elliptocytosis]
RBC regeneration: bone marrow
RBC reserve: about 25% of total RBC
RBC production: 2.4×1011/day
White blood cells in Blood
White blood cells can be categorized as either granular leukocytes, which contain granules in their cytoplasm and are formed in the bone marrow, or agranular leukocytes, which lack granules and are formed in lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and thymus. Phagocytes are granular white blood cells with lobed nuclei that ingest and digest foreign particles like bacteria through phagocytosis in the bone marrow. Lymphocytes are agranular white blood cells with spherical nuclei that secrete antibodies to target specific pathogens and provide immunity.
Blood cells
Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body and give blood its red color. White blood cells help fight infections and diseases by attacking bacteria and viruses. This document provides an overview of red and white blood cells for a candidate taking an exam.
White blood cells
This document provides an overview of leucopoiesis, the process by which white blood cells are produced. It discusses the classification, morphology, properties, functions, and applied physiology of the main white blood cell types - granulocytes like neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils, and agranulocytes like lymphocytes and monocytes. It also covers pathological variations in white blood cell counts, disorders like cyclic neutropenia and hypereosinophilic syndrome, and recent advances in areas like bone marrow transplantation and flow cytometry.
White blood cells medical images for power point
This document contains instructions for editing a diagram of white blood cells in PowerPoint. It includes the names of five types of white blood cells (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, lymphocyte). The document provides steps for adding text boxes and labels to the diagram, highlighting parts of the diagram, and changing the color and size of shapes in the diagram. All images are editable in PowerPoint to customize the presentation.
Slideshare ppt
Miss goodheart created a PowerPoint to test out the Slideshare tool, which was introduced to her by Sharon Tonner on January 20th, 2011.
Viewers also liked (17)
Diseases involving white blood cells in oral pathology
Diseases involving white blood cells in oral pathology
Blood Cells and Blood Type Lesson PowerPoint, Make Blood Soup
Blood Cells and Blood Type Lesson PowerPoint, Make Blood Soup
Similar to Whitebloodcells
Structure of wbcs
Structure of wbcsDr. Alamzeb Associate professor ,HOD Physiology Saidu Medical College saidu Sharif Swat Pakistan
This document discusses the structure and functions of different types of leukocytes (white blood cells) found in the blood. It describes the characteristics and roles of granulocytes like neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. It also summarizes monocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, and plasma cells - discussing their origins, structures, and functions in the immune system and blood clotting process.Anatomy Unit 2 Notes: Blood Composition
Blood transports nutrients and waste throughout the body. It contains both living components like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, as well as nonliving components like proteins and plasma. Red blood cells carry oxygen using hemoglobin, while white blood cells aid the immune system by protecting against infection. Plasma is the liquid portion of blood containing water and proteins important for clotting and regulating pressure. Anemia occurs when oxygen is not carried to tissues effectively and can be caused by issues with red blood cell shape, concentration, count or overall oxygen levels, leading to symptoms like fatigue and pains.
5.white blood cells
White blood cells (WBCs) or leukocytes play an important role in the body's defense mechanisms. There are two main types of WBCs - granulocytes, which have granules, and agranulocytes, which do not. The main granulocytes are neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, while the main agranulocytes are monocytes and lymphocytes. Each type of WBC contributes to immunity in different ways, such as phagocytosis, release of antimicrobial substances, or stimulating the immune response.
Blood/White Blood Cells/Fluid Connective tissue
Blood is a specialized fluid connective tissue consisting of some cells suspended in a liquid intercellular substance known as plasma.
IMMUNE SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY IN HUMANS .pptx
The immune system protects the body from infection and disease. Blood carries immune cells and platelets to sites of infection or injury. Red blood cells transport oxygen, while white blood cells fight infection. A complete blood count measures components in blood like red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelets to screen for conditions like anemia or infection. The immune system defends the body through a complex response involving various white blood cell types that recognize and destroy pathogens in different ways.
White blood cells or leukocytes
Blood is a fluid tissue with a complex structure.
Blood consists of plasma (55%) and blood cells (45%).
Blood cells are of three types. i.e.
RBC, WBC & Platelets.
WBC: WBC also known as Leucocytes.
Do not possess any pigment, they appear colorless.
Provide immunity to the body, is the main function of WBC.
Granulocytes and agranulocytes.pptx
This document summarizes the different types of blood cells:
- Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) have granules and multilobed nuclei. They help fight infection and parasites through phagocytosis and release of toxic chemicals.
- Agranulocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes) lack granules. Monocytes develop into macrophages which are actively phagocytic. Lymphocytes (T and B cells) recognize and respond to antigens.
- Platelets are disc-shaped cell fragments involved in blood clotting and haemostasis.
White blood cells 1.ppt
This document summarizes the different types of white blood cells (leukocytes), including granulocytes and agranulocytes. Granulocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils which have lobed nuclei and granules. Agranulocytes are lymphocytes and monocytes which have round nuclei and no granules. The document describes the structure, function, and role of each type of white blood cell in the immune system.
Blood cells
This document summarizes the three main types of blood cells:
1. Red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body in hemoglobin. They are biconcave discs that lack a nucleus.
2. White blood cells, which are part of the immune system and exist as granulocytes or agranulocytes. The main types are neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
3. Platelets, which stop bleeding by clotting at injuries and are fragments of bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes. They have no nucleus and range from 2-3 micrometers in size.
blood and its functions/B.pharmacy 2 semester
Blood consists of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen throughout the body, while white blood cells help fight infection. Platelets assist in clotting blood when injuries occur. Together these components maintain homeostasis, transport nutrients and waste, and protect the body from pathogens.
blood and its components.pptx
This document discusses the components and functions of blood. It notes that blood is composed of plasma and formed elements including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It describes the roles of these components, such as red blood cells transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide, white blood cells providing immunity, and platelets helping form clots. The document also covers hematopoiesis, the formation of blood cells in the bone marrow, and hemostasis, the process of blood clotting to stop bleeding. It discusses blood groups and the importance of matching blood types between donors and recipients for safe blood transfusions.
Lecture 9 (white blood cells)
There are six main types of white blood cells (leukocytes) that help the body fight infections and disease. The three granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and monocytes are produced in the bone marrow and help protect the body through phagocytosis or release of antimicrobial substances. Lymphocytes are produced in lymphatic tissues and function in the immune system. White blood cells have different lifespans ranging from hours to months depending on the cell type and location in the body. Together, these cells defend the body through phagocytosis, release of inflammatory signals, and adaptive immune responses.
Wbc ppt
White blood cells, or leukocytes, are nucleated blood cells that play an important role in the immune system. Compared to red blood cells, white blood cells are larger in size and fewer in number. The main types of white blood cells are neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Each type has a distinct shape and granule composition and serves different immune functions, such as phagocytosis of pathogens by neutrophils and antibody production by B lymphocytes. White blood cell counts can vary in different physiological and pathological conditions to help fight infection and disease.
Blood
Blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues. White blood cells have nuclei and defend the body against infection and foreign materials. Platelets are involved in homeostasis and clot formation to stop bleeding. Plasma carries proteins, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and electrolytes. The main functions of blood are transport, including of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, and hormones, as well as clotting to stop bleeding from damaged vessels.
Blood
Basic information about blood and it contents and functions.
Reference: https://schoolbag.info/biology/humans/14.html
Chap 1 transport form 5
Here are the key differences between RBCs and WBCs:
- RBCs are biconcave discs without a nucleus, allowing more space for hemoglobin. WBCs have various shapes and all contain a nucleus.
- RBCs contain hemoglobin which binds oxygen. WBCs do not contain hemoglobin and are responsible for immune defense.
- RBCs have a smaller diameter (8um) and thickness (2um) compared to WBCs (15um).
- There are 5 million RBCs per mm3 of blood, but only 6000-10000 WBCs per mm3.
- RBCs have a lifespan of 120 days before being destroyed and recycled
Blood; Fluid of Life
This document discusses the components and functions of blood. It begins by describing blood as a fundamental component of life that circulates nutrients and waste throughout the body. It then explains that blood is both a tissue and fluid, containing suspended cells in a liquid matrix. The document goes on to describe the various cells that make up blood - red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets - as well as the liquid component called plasma and its components like proteins, lipids, and inorganic materials. Finally, it discusses the production of blood cells through hematopoiesis and the specialized functions of different white blood cell types.
Blood
The document summarizes the main components of blood - plasma, platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells. It describes the functions of plasma in transporting substances, red blood cells in carrying oxygen, white blood cells in defending against pathogens, and platelets in blood clotting.
Blood components
Blood is a vital fluid that circulates through the body, transporting nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste products. It is composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells fight infection, and platelets help with clotting. Blood needs vitamins and minerals to maintain the health and lifespan of its components. Minor blood loss can be replaced through normal production, while major loss requires a transfusion.
Blood+components
Blood transports oxygen, nutrients, waste, and immune cells throughout the body. It is composed of plasma and formed elements including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells fight infection, and platelets help with clotting. Blood is vital for life as it delivers oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from tissues while fighting diseases and healing injuries.
Similar to Whitebloodcells (20)
Recently uploaded
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Top Travel Vaccinations in Manchester
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Do you have abnormal smell after periods? It may be vaginitis. Do not worry, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can help you get a cure.
Cosmetology and Trichology Courses at Kosmoderma Academy PRP (Hair), DR Growt...
Cosmetology and Trichology Courses at Kosmoderma Academy PRP (Hair), DR Growt...Kosmoderma Academy Of Aesthetic Medicine
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS). Parc Taulí. Sabadell
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
This quiz was conducted as a promotional event for the 2024 Annual Meet of Kerala Chapter of API.
More than 20 participants took part everyday !
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principles
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
CLEAR ALIGNER THERAPY IN ORTHODONTICS .pptx
Dr. ZANAB FARHEEN FAYAZ ,MDS(ORTHODONTICS & DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS ).
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
une 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
NARCOTICS- POLICY AND PROCEDURES FOR ITS USE
This document outlines policies and procedures for handling narcotic and controlled drugs in NABH accredited hospitals.
SENSORY NEEDS B.SC. NURSING SEMESTER II.
Sensation is the neurological process by which we become aware of surrounding environment.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Recently uploaded (20)
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Cosmetology and Trichology Courses at Kosmoderma Academy PRP (Hair), DR Growt...
Cosmetology and Trichology Courses at Kosmoderma Academy PRP (Hair), DR Growt...
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
Whitebloodcells
- 2. White Blood Cells • Are spherical cells that lack hemoglobin • Form a thin, white layer of cells between plasma and red blood cells when the components of blood are separated from each other
- 3. Two functions of white blood cells 1. To protect the body against invading microorganisms 2. To remove dead cells and debris from the tissues by phagocytosis
- 4. A. Granulocytes- those containing large cytoplasmic granules 1. Neutrophil 2. Basophil 3. Eosinophil B. Agranulocytes- those with very small granules that cannot be seen easily with the light microscope 1. Lymphocyte 2. Monocyte White blood cells are classified into two groups:
- 5. Neutrophils • The most common type of white blood cells • Usually remain the blood for a short time (10-12 hours) • Move into other tissues, phagocytize microorganisms and other foreign substances
- 7. Basophils • Least common of all white blood cells • Release histamine and other chemicals that promote inflammation • Also release heparin, which prevents the formation of clots
- 9. Eosinophils • Involved in inflammatory responses associated with allergies and asthma • Also involved in destroying certain worm parasites
- 11. Lymphocytes • Are the smallest of the white blood cells • Their diverse activities include the following: • Production of antibodies and other chemicals that destroy microorganisms, contribute to allergic reactions, reject grafts, control tumors, and regulate the immune system.
- 12. Monocytes • Are the largest of the white blood cells • After they leave the blood and enter tissues, they enlarge and become macrophages, which phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, cell fragments, and any other debris within the tissues.