The document discusses the smart grid and how solar energy fits within it. It begins by describing the current electric grid as one-directional, centralized energy production with few communication capabilities. The smart grid will feature two-way communication between energy producers and consumers, optimization of distributed renewable resources like solar, and allowing consumers to sell energy back to the grid. It will provide consumers with real-time energy use information to help manage demand. The smart grid aims to make the energy system more efficient, reliable and sustainable.

1. What is the Smart Grid?…and how does solar fit in? Scott J. Anders Energy Policy Initiatives Center University of San Diego School of Law San Diego Solar Conference September 29, 2009

2. www.sandiego.edu/epic About EPIC Academic and Research Center University of San Diego School of Law EPIC Mission

3. What is the Smart Grid? www.sandiego.edu/epic Let’s start with our current grid…

4. www.sandiego.edu/epic What is the Smart Grid? Current Electric Grid Generally Characterized by… One way energy flows to end-users Exception might be net energy metering Centralized energy production Mechanical Few communication nodes How does SDG&E know your power is out? Few control nodes Limited automation Low load factors/asset utilization Monthly contact with the customer Limited information via billing

5. www.sandiego.edu/epic What is the Smart Grid? Let’s Not Forget… The Electric Grid is an Engineering Marvel of the 20th Century however…

6. What is the Smart Grid? www.sandiego.edu/epic

7. www.sandiego.edu/epic What is the Smart Grid? What is IBM Telling us? Grid is antiquated The devices we plug into the grid are far more sophisticated that grid Can the current grid support an increasingly digital economy? Innovation happening at edge of grid Grid may not be able to fully optimize those innovations Lots of energy is wasted “Over half of the energy never reaches a single light bulb.” 65% of primary energy used to generate electricity is wasted 9% of electricity is lost to transmission and distribution losses Need to embed intelligence at all points along the grid Appliances Meters Cities The planet! Universe?

8. What is the Smart Grid? www.sandiego.edu/epic

9. www.sandiego.edu/epic What is the Smart Grid? What is GE Telling us? We can manage our energy usage better Time of use management This can save money Distribute renewable energy from one place to another We do this now, but not optimally Smart grid communicates across regions

10. www.sandiego.edu/epic What is the Smart Grid? Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Characteristics of the Smart Grid (Section 1301): Increased use of digital information and controls technology to improve reliability, security, and efficiency of the electric grid. Dynamic optimization of grid operations and resources, with full cyber-security. Deployment and integration of distributed resources and generation, including renewable resources. Development and incorporation of demand response, demand-side resources, and energy-efficiency resources. Deployment of `smart' technologies (real-time, automated, interactive technologies that optimize the physical operation of appliances and consumer devices) for metering, communications concerning grid operations and status, and distribution automation.

11. www.sandiego.edu/epic What is the Smart Grid? Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Characteristics of the Smart Grid (Section 1301): Integration of `smart' appliances and consumer devices. Deployment and integration of advanced electricity storage and peak-shaving technologies, including plug-in electric and hybrid electric vehicles, and thermal-storage air conditioning. Provision to consumers of timely information and control options. Development of standards for communication and interoperabilityof appliances and equipment connected to the electric grid, including the infrastructure serving the grid.

12. www.sandiego.edu/epic What is the Smart Grid? Source: U.S. Dept. of Energy

13. www.sandiego.edu/epic What is the Smart Grid? Source: Dept. of Energy Source: U.S. Dept. of Energy Source: Dept. of Energy

14. Smart Grid Scenario www.sandiego.edu/epic

15. Smart Grid Scenario www.sandiego.edu/epic Smart Charging Charging Rates

16. Smart Grid Scenario www.sandiego.edu/epic Smart Charging Charging Rates

17. Smart Grid Scenario www.sandiego.edu/epic Integration of Renewables Smart Charging Charging Rates

18. Smart Grid Scenario www.sandiego.edu/epic Integration of Renewables Integration of DG Smart Charging Charging Rates Vehicle to Grid

19. Smart Grid Scenario www.sandiego.edu/epic Integration of Renewables Signal to Customers Help! Integration of DG Smart Charging Charging Rates Vehicle to Grid

20. Smart Grid Scenario www.sandiego.edu/epic Integration of Renewables Signal to Customers Help! Integration of DG Sale of Energy / Demand Response Smart Charging Charging Rates Vehicle to Grid

21. www.sandiego.edu/epic Smart Grid – Information to Consumers

22. www.sandiego.edu/epic Smart Grid – Information to Consumers

23. Thank You www.sandiego.edu/epic Contact Info: Scott Anders 619-260-4589 scottanders@sandiego.edu