This document defines and discusses various aspects of research. It begins by defining research as the systematic investigation into materials and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions. It then discusses the two main types of research: fundamental/basic research, which investigates basic principles and phenomena, and applied research, which focuses on solving practical problems. The document also covers research topics, the literature review process, research objectives, knowledge sources, methods like questionnaires, qualities of researchers, common errors, searching strategies, concluding research, and components of a research proposal.

1. What is Research
 The systematic investigation into and study of
materials and sources in order to establish facts
and reality to reach new conclusions
Types of Research
1. Fundamental or Basic Research
Basic research is an investigation on basic principals
and reasons for occurrence of a particular event or
process of phenomena also known as theoretical
research.

2.  Applied Research:
It is an applied research which involves certain problems employing
well known and acceptable theories and principals. Most of the
experimental research and case studies and interdisciplinary research
is essentially the applied research. It answers practical problems with
immediate answers. BASIC RESEARCH APPLIED RESEARCH
Seeks generalization Studies individual or specific
cases without the objective to
generalize.
Aims at basic process Aims at any variable that
makes the desired difference
Attempt to explain why things
happen
Tries to think how things can
be changed
Tries to get all the facts Tries to correct the facts that
are problematic
Reports in technical language
of the topic
Reports in common language.

3.  RESEARCH TOPIC/PROBLEM:
Some of the driven research topics or problems are
 Theories of ones own interest
 Daily problems
 Technological changes
 Recent trends
 Unexplored areas
 Discussion with experts and other research
supervisors

4. Literature review
 To learn how others have defined and measured key concepts.
 To develop alternative research projects.
 To contribute to the field by moving research forward.
Reviewing the literature lets you see what came before, and
what did and didn't work for other researchers.
 To demonstrate your understanding, and your ability to
critically evaluate research in the field.
 To increase their awareness and understanding of current
work and perspectives in the research field so that they can
position their own research clearly on the academic map of
knowledge creation

5. Research objectives
 Exploration
 Description
 Explanation
 Prediction
 Influence
Sources of knowledge
 Experience
 Expert knowledge

6.  Questionnaires manual or online:
Both have their own advantages and disadvantages e.g.,
o Low cost delivery and return
o Ease of completion
o Submission and data capture
o Appropriateness to particular population
Potential difficulties:
o The accuracy of potential literature
o Appropriateness to research aims
o Target population
o Technical difficulties
o Sample and report rates.

7. The attributes of a research scholar
 Self confidence
 Dedication and concentration
 Determination
 Analytical mind and scientific discipline
 Global outlook and innovative approach
 Originality and intellectual curiosity
 Freedom from the obsession of clocks and calendar
 Flexibility and keen observation
 Intelligence
 Passion for knowledge
 Precision and accuracy
 Persistence- Patience –social skills
 Presentation and writing skills.

8. Common errors made in research
 Selective observation
 Inappropriate observation
 Made up information
 Illogical reasoning
 Ego involvement in understanding
 Premature closure of the inquiry
 Mystification

9. Your Searching Strategy
 Think of idea
 Write down broader idea
 Narrow down it
 Write down idea
 Underline major keywords
 Use standard vocabulary
 Devise searching strategy
 Use multiple sources
 Evaluate sources
 Classify topics

10. Result and conclusions
1. Helps to connect or link the present work to
previous
2. Leads to identification of future problems
3. Opens new avenues of intellectual adventures
and simulates the quest of more knowledge
4. Makes other understand the benefits and
merits of research findings and often suggests
a possible experimental verification.

11. Research proposal
 Title
 Abstract
 Key words
 Introduction
 Methodology
 Analysis
 Conclusions
 References/biblography