The document outlines the research process and provides guidance on selecting topics and formulating research questions and objectives. It discusses defining research, reality, and ways of defining problems. The key steps of the research process include selecting an area and topic, developing research questions and hypotheses, study design, data collection and analysis, and reporting findings. Good topics are interesting, researchable, significant, manageable, and ethical. Objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound.

1. Research Process:
A Quick Glance

2. What is Research
 the systematic investigation into and study of
materials and sources in order to establish facts
and reality to reach new conclusions
 What is Reality
 Scientific Reality
 Social Reality
 Virtual Reality
 Spiritual Reality

3. Research Process

4. Steps of Research Process
Selection of area
Selection of topic
Crude research question
no answer
Refined research question
Research hypothesis, goals and objectives
Study design
Population & sampling
Variables confounding bias
Research tools
Pilot study
Work plan
Collection of data
Data management
Interpretation
Reporting
no need for study
answers found
Literature review
Ethical issues

5. Idea of Research
Hypothise
It
Translate
Topic into
Questions
Pick the
Topic
Build
Theory
Review the
Topic
Learn More
from Tacit &
Explicit
Sources

7. Characteristics of good topics?
 Interesting – keeps the researcher interested in it throughout the
research process
 Researchable – can be investigated through the collection and
analysis of data
 Significant – contributes to the improvement and understanding
of educational theory and practice
 Manageable – fits the level of researcher’s level of research
skills, needed resources, and time restrictions
 Ethical – does not embarrass or harm participants

8.  Formal (nominal), defining with words
 Example (epistemic), defining by example
 Procedural (operational), defining a method to
recognize examples
Ways of Defining Research Problem
Steps Identifying Problem Considerations
Identify Interest
Dissect Magnitude
Select Expertise
Raise Question Relevance
Double check Availability of Data
Formulate Objectives Ethical Issues

9. S Specific
M Measurable
A Achievable
R Relevant
T Time-bound
SMART Objectives

11. Publishing Research