The document discusses ensuring usability in website design. It covers defining usability and its importance for both users and businesses. Usability is achieved through user-centered design which involves researching users, designing based on their needs, and validating the design. Key research methods discussed include interviews, contextual inquiry, card sorting, and log analysis. The document provides details on how to conduct each method and how they inform the design process.
UX is way more than most people think. I believe that UX is a mindset that everyone should carry. This is how I approach UX, and think it's beneficial for everyone to know a process that works.
NOTE: This represents a talk I gave to some students embarking on a career in the UX field.
Includes the definition, value, usage and history of heuristics as well as 10 principles with starter questions for use in an evaluation. (As presented most recently at Interaction 12 in Dublin)
Next up in our SlideShare series is "User Research." It will give you an insight into what user research is, types of approaches, why you need to do research in your users and much more.
UX is way more than most people think. I believe that UX is a mindset that everyone should carry. This is how I approach UX, and think it's beneficial for everyone to know a process that works.
NOTE: This represents a talk I gave to some students embarking on a career in the UX field.
Includes the definition, value, usage and history of heuristics as well as 10 principles with starter questions for use in an evaluation. (As presented most recently at Interaction 12 in Dublin)
Next up in our SlideShare series is "User Research." It will give you an insight into what user research is, types of approaches, why you need to do research in your users and much more.
Rethinking UX Research - Design4Drupal 2014 keynote presentationPerfetti Media
How do you really know what your users want? How do you ensure your designs work for your prospects and customers? How can you be confident that your design changes improve your site?
There are those that believe that user research must be a complex and scientific process that takes a lot of time, money, and resources. However, in the real world, most designers and developers don't have the luxury to spend weeks and months on their user research.
It's possible to get useful results without the time-consuming expense of traditional user research methods. In this presentation, Christine Perfetti will share proven strategies and techniques for successfully integrating UX research into your process. You'll learn how to answer essential design questions using methods that take only a day—and sometimes only 10 minutes!
User Experience or UX can be summarised as the 5R's. It's about creating the Right Digital Technologies or Experiences for the Right Audience, for the Right Devices, to be used in the Right Environments to shift the Right Business Metrics. This presentation gets you across the UX landscape and summarises the UX Environment Globally and Locally to Australia.
'Hold my beer.' Those three words have preceded some of the greatest moments in history. But who would’ve thought they’d pave the way for an epic user testing session? In this talk, Austin will discuss a drunken usability experiment and the unexpected influence that it had on the way that user research is conducted. Learn about new and unconventional methods for overcoming the struggles and pitfalls of traditional user testing, obtaining true and honest user feedback, and verifying the usability and simplicity of a design. Discover the resulting impact on bottom-line metrics like conversion rate, retention, engagement, and revenue. Walk away with a list of tools that you can use to conduct similar research and experiments on your own projects. Finally, learn about what it means to have a Culture of UX and gain actionable advice on how you can create it within your own company.
Keep hearing these buzz words: UX and UI? Want to get a better understanding of what User Experience is and how it effects your site? Take a look at this top-level overview from Network Affiliates, the legal marketing experts!
User Experience Design Fundamentals - Part 2: Talking with UsersLaura B
#2 in a 3-part series on UX Fundamentals: Talking with Users
Understand why you should talk to users to uncover, validate and/or understand their goals.
Learn how and when to talk with your users:
User research methods
Planning
Best practices for interviews
Introduction to UX provides an overview of user experience design including what it encompasses and how the process works, the goal and principles of UX design, how to measure and improve UX, and the role of a UX agency. Presented by Ari Weissman, lead experience architect at EffectiveUI.
General UX activities & process overviewBen Melbourne
Here's a somewhat somewhat lengthy (by still far from comprehensive) presentation introducing and detailing the process and activities involved in Agile UX. The content focuses on introducing the basic steps of UX and explaining what they are.
It's liberally referenced from anywhere I could cut and paste from, and includes lots of links for more reading, where more comprehensive explanations of each activity can be found.
UX for start-ups, presented to start-ups in Wayra, LondonKarl Saynor
What is UX? Should start-ups care? How can start-ups get going with UX? Top 10 UX tips for start-ups. A presentation given to a group of funded start-ups participating in Telefonica's incubator programme, Wayra.
Mental Modeling For Content Work: Contextual Inquiry, Personas and PlanningDaniel Eizans
Slides from my Confab 2014 workshop: Mental Modeling For Content Work.
Anyone working in content strategy knows that dealing with messy web content is a difficult task. Creating effective, engaging content that’s relevant to potential users and customers while supporting a good information architecture is even more difficult.
Take some of the guesswork out of content by investing more time in the upfront planning and inquiry, getting to the bottom of who your users really are. Spend a day with Daniel Eizans and learn how to conduct contextual inquiry, develop more relevant personas, and mental model your way to a better content strategy.
Daniel will bring real, field-tested examples of personas and mental models that have impacted organizational content strategy and take attendees through a series of hands-on exercises that will immediately add value to content planning and production.
You will:
Learn about the fundamentals of contextual inquiry and how to conduct this type of research when creating personas
Understand how to create more effective personas for content creators and content planners
Plan content with others using a modified mental modeling technique driven by inquiry and persona data
Receive tools and templates for bringing this technique to your clients or organization.
Marketing is dead, long live user experienceNeil Allison
Presented at the Chartered Institute of Marketing, Higher Education Market Interest Group Annual Conference, 21 March, 2013.
Presenters: Dawn Ellis and Neil Allison, University of Edinburgh Website Programme.
A brief introduction to User Experience (UX) Research (in English and Bahasa Indonesia). This lecture was delivered on 19th February 2019 at Ciputra University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Why meetings matter to designers; common pitfalls for bad meetings (and conversely, characteristics for good meetings) and tips on how to have more effective meetings.
Julie Grundy gives an overview of user experience Design, why it's important, guiding principles, UX research overview, and tactics used by UX professionals. November 2015.
Rethinking UX Research - Design4Drupal 2014 keynote presentationPerfetti Media
How do you really know what your users want? How do you ensure your designs work for your prospects and customers? How can you be confident that your design changes improve your site?
There are those that believe that user research must be a complex and scientific process that takes a lot of time, money, and resources. However, in the real world, most designers and developers don't have the luxury to spend weeks and months on their user research.
It's possible to get useful results without the time-consuming expense of traditional user research methods. In this presentation, Christine Perfetti will share proven strategies and techniques for successfully integrating UX research into your process. You'll learn how to answer essential design questions using methods that take only a day—and sometimes only 10 minutes!
User Experience or UX can be summarised as the 5R's. It's about creating the Right Digital Technologies or Experiences for the Right Audience, for the Right Devices, to be used in the Right Environments to shift the Right Business Metrics. This presentation gets you across the UX landscape and summarises the UX Environment Globally and Locally to Australia.
'Hold my beer.' Those three words have preceded some of the greatest moments in history. But who would’ve thought they’d pave the way for an epic user testing session? In this talk, Austin will discuss a drunken usability experiment and the unexpected influence that it had on the way that user research is conducted. Learn about new and unconventional methods for overcoming the struggles and pitfalls of traditional user testing, obtaining true and honest user feedback, and verifying the usability and simplicity of a design. Discover the resulting impact on bottom-line metrics like conversion rate, retention, engagement, and revenue. Walk away with a list of tools that you can use to conduct similar research and experiments on your own projects. Finally, learn about what it means to have a Culture of UX and gain actionable advice on how you can create it within your own company.
Keep hearing these buzz words: UX and UI? Want to get a better understanding of what User Experience is and how it effects your site? Take a look at this top-level overview from Network Affiliates, the legal marketing experts!
User Experience Design Fundamentals - Part 2: Talking with UsersLaura B
#2 in a 3-part series on UX Fundamentals: Talking with Users
Understand why you should talk to users to uncover, validate and/or understand their goals.
Learn how and when to talk with your users:
User research methods
Planning
Best practices for interviews
Introduction to UX provides an overview of user experience design including what it encompasses and how the process works, the goal and principles of UX design, how to measure and improve UX, and the role of a UX agency. Presented by Ari Weissman, lead experience architect at EffectiveUI.
General UX activities & process overviewBen Melbourne
Here's a somewhat somewhat lengthy (by still far from comprehensive) presentation introducing and detailing the process and activities involved in Agile UX. The content focuses on introducing the basic steps of UX and explaining what they are.
It's liberally referenced from anywhere I could cut and paste from, and includes lots of links for more reading, where more comprehensive explanations of each activity can be found.
UX for start-ups, presented to start-ups in Wayra, LondonKarl Saynor
What is UX? Should start-ups care? How can start-ups get going with UX? Top 10 UX tips for start-ups. A presentation given to a group of funded start-ups participating in Telefonica's incubator programme, Wayra.
Mental Modeling For Content Work: Contextual Inquiry, Personas and PlanningDaniel Eizans
Slides from my Confab 2014 workshop: Mental Modeling For Content Work.
Anyone working in content strategy knows that dealing with messy web content is a difficult task. Creating effective, engaging content that’s relevant to potential users and customers while supporting a good information architecture is even more difficult.
Take some of the guesswork out of content by investing more time in the upfront planning and inquiry, getting to the bottom of who your users really are. Spend a day with Daniel Eizans and learn how to conduct contextual inquiry, develop more relevant personas, and mental model your way to a better content strategy.
Daniel will bring real, field-tested examples of personas and mental models that have impacted organizational content strategy and take attendees through a series of hands-on exercises that will immediately add value to content planning and production.
You will:
Learn about the fundamentals of contextual inquiry and how to conduct this type of research when creating personas
Understand how to create more effective personas for content creators and content planners
Plan content with others using a modified mental modeling technique driven by inquiry and persona data
Receive tools and templates for bringing this technique to your clients or organization.
Marketing is dead, long live user experienceNeil Allison
Presented at the Chartered Institute of Marketing, Higher Education Market Interest Group Annual Conference, 21 March, 2013.
Presenters: Dawn Ellis and Neil Allison, University of Edinburgh Website Programme.
A brief introduction to User Experience (UX) Research (in English and Bahasa Indonesia). This lecture was delivered on 19th February 2019 at Ciputra University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Why meetings matter to designers; common pitfalls for bad meetings (and conversely, characteristics for good meetings) and tips on how to have more effective meetings.
Julie Grundy gives an overview of user experience Design, why it's important, guiding principles, UX research overview, and tactics used by UX professionals. November 2015.
UI UX design and product design is a course that leads you to a good career. To be a good UI UX designer, a person needs to be creative and a good design thinker. UI UX design is a non code design career where you just need to do research and design a good perfect one.
You can even choose this as your career guide and project topic for computer science students.
UXD - A quick overview on what you need to work with your UX team Guilherme Rodrigues
The UXD team came up with a presentation, covering some of the point we have in our day to day work. Information architects, designers and front-end participated to build up this doc in order to practice and be more familiar with UCD process, agile project management, UX research and so on.
Have a look on the presentation and help us to build it up.
What is User Experience Design?
The Business Case for User Experience Design
What are the UX processes?
How can we measure its effectiveness?
Who needs to be involved?
Mobile Center of Excellence is perfect for organizations looking to ensure the long-term success of their mobile strategies and Applications. It’s built to help you create and define the building blocks of a successful Center of Excellence for Mobile.
Mobile UX COE Strategists will work with your team to understand your current state readiness, build a vision for the Mobile Center of Excellence within your organization, and define the requirements for standing up a Mobile COE. Beyond just the components of a Center of Excellence, helps team creates a realistic roadmap for COE creation based on the people, process, and technology maturity within your business
This presentation will present insights into web user psychology, how to think about and write for the web, how to identify common content mistakes and how writing for the web will improve your search engine rankings.
User Interface Design: Definitions, Processes and PrinciplesMoodLabs
An introduction to User Interface Design, often called UX / UI. Presented by David Little, User Interface Designer, DDH from King's College London Digital Humanities program.
Developing a framework of design principles for single page websites and thei...World IA Day Copenhagen
Signe Elimar Hansen and Charlotte Bust Sigvardt, graduated in 2015 from the master's programme in Information Architecture at Aalborg University.
With their master's thesis they have explored the notion of single page websites and presented their findings to all attendees at World IA Day 2016 in Copenhagen.
Explore the essential graphic design tools and software that can elevate your creative projects. Discover industry favorites and innovative solutions for stunning design results.
Technoblade The Legacy of a Minecraft Legend.Techno Merch
Technoblade, born Alex on June 1, 1999, was a legendary Minecraft YouTuber known for his sharp wit and exceptional PvP skills. Starting his channel in 2013, he gained nearly 11 million subscribers. His private battle with metastatic sarcoma ended in June 2022, but his enduring legacy continues to inspire millions.
1. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 1
Usability for Dummies
The What, Why, and How
of Usability and User-Centered Design
2. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 2
Agenda
• What is usability?
• Why is it important?
• How can you make websites usable?
3. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 3
What is Usability?
• We are affected by it every day…
Which of the two signs is correct?
No doubt, someone has driven the wrong way to find
the “additional parking.”
4. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 4
What is Usability?
• Usability around us… Buildings
Can you reach (or find) the TP?The staircase that goes neither up nor down.
5. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 5
What is Usability?
• Usability around us… Packaging
Instructions were hidden in the packaging between two
layers of cardboard.
You need a pair of scissors to open a pair of
scissors.
6. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 6
What is Usability?
• Usability around us… Technical devices
You can't put two USB plugs in at the same time.
The Power button right next to the Enter key.
7. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 7
What is Usability?
• Usability around us… Websites
Doesn’t the system already know the answer?
And how about Eck, Ng, Roy, Ott, Ram, Hu,
Ing?
What goal does this page serve?
8. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 8
What is Usability?
• Usability around us… Voting
9. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 9
What is Usability?
• Can you share a good or bad usability example
from your past experience?
10. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 10
What is Usability?
• Definition
– Usability means that people who use a user-operated device can do so
quickly and easily to accomplish their tasks.
• Ease of learning – Is it easy for the user to learn the system?
• Efficiency of use – How fast can the user accomplish tasks?
• Memorability – Is the system easy for the user to remember?
• Errors - How often do users make errors and can they recover?
• Satisfaction - How much do users like the system?
– Usability measures the quality of a user's experience while interacting with
a product or system.
– “The extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve
specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified
context of user.“ ISO 9241-11
11. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 11
What is Usability?
• Terminology
Usability
Testing
IA
Information
Architecture
ID
Interaction/Information
Design
UCD
User Centered
Design
UXA
User Experience
Architecture
ED
Experience
Design
12. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 12
Why Is Usability Important?
• User Benefits
é Task completion
é Confidence & trust
é Satisfaction
é Efficiency & productivity
ê Frustration
ê Calls to support center
ê Time to find information
ê Error rate
• Business Benefits
é Brand perception
é Product reputation
é Competitive advantage
é Number of customers
ê Support costs
ê User errors
ê Training time
ê Site abandonment
13. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 13
Why Is Usability Important?
Jakob Nielsen, 2003:
On the Web, usability is a necessary condition for survival.
If a website is difficult to use, people leave. If the homepage fails to clearly
state what a company offers and what users can do on the site, people
leave. If users get lost on a website, they leave. If a website's information is
hard to read or doesn't answer users' key questions, they leave.
Note a pattern here? There's no such thing as a user reading a website
manual or otherwise spending much time trying to figure out an interface.
There are plenty of other websites available; leaving is the first line of
defense when users encounter a difficulty.
14. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 14
Why Is Usability Important?
• Have you had any experiences that made you
realize the importance of usability?
– As a user
– As a business
15. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 15
How Can You Ensure Usability?
• User-Centered Design (UCD)
– Design methodology that involves users throughout all stages of
development, in order to create a website that meets users' needs and
business objectives.
User Needs
Business Needs Technology
16. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 16
How Can You Ensure Usability?
1. Research 2. Design 3. Validate
Learn about your users, their
needs, goals, attitudes,
motivations, expectations, and
behavior.
Ensure that the site’s
organization, navigation,
content, and visual design
support user needs.
Test the website’s with real
users and adjust the design
based on the findings.
Which step do you think is more important – Research or Validate?
17. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 17
How Can You Ensure Usability?
• User interviews
– One-on-one discussions with users which help you understand their expectations,
motivations, attitudes, and experiences.
• Contextual inquiry
– Field studies which enable you to observe users in their natural environment and
understand how they work.
• Card sorting
– Sessions in which users are asked to organize (sort) the content in a way that
makes sense to them using cards.
1. Research 2. Design 3. Validate
18. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 18
How Can You Ensure Usability?
• Surveys
– Online questionnaires which help you learn about the current users of your
website, their needs, and experiences on the website.
• Log analysis
– Analysis of your website's log files to determine visitor paths and most/least
visited content visitor paths.
• Secondary research
– Review of industry publications, reports, whitepapers, and research studies
relevant to your site and target audiences.
1. Research 2. Design 3. Validate
19. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 19
How Can You Ensure Usability?
• User Interviews: What people say they want
• What?
– One-on-one discussions with users which help you understand their expectations,
motivations, attitudes, and experiences.
• Why?
– Understand users’ motivations for using your website, what content they are looking for, how
they expect to find it, how they might want to use the information, learn users’ language.
• How?
– Define focus, select participants, write an interview script, conduct interviews (be flexible,
probe and ask follow-up questions), and analyze. May include labeling and affordance tests.
20. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 20
How Can You Ensure Usability?
• Contextual Inquiry: What people actually do
• What?
– Field studies which enable you to observe users in their natural environment and understand
how they work.
• Why?
– Understand users’ mental models, observe how users perform key tasks, find out the
information they need at each step, get insight into the content and organization needs.
• How?
– Define focus, select participants, travel to the user’s site, shadow users as they perform their
tasks (do not impose your scenarios), act as an apprentice (ask questions, do not interrupt),
collect artifacts, observe environment (social, physical, technology), analyze findings.
21. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 21
How Can You Ensure Usability?
• Card Sorting: How people categorize information in their mind
• What?
– Sessions in which users are asked to organize (sort) the content in a way that makes sense to
them using cards.
• Why?
– Learn how users think about content, identify content categories, see how users expect the
content to be organized, what content they expect on the home page, identify labels intuitive to
users, organize information in a way that is logical to users.
• How?
– Open card sort: users are asked to sort cards into groups and assign category labels.
– Closed card sort: users are asked to sort content cards into pre-defined categories.
– Use 50-100 numbered cards, have blank cards, ask users to talk aloud, take notes.
22. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 22
How Can You Ensure Usability?
• Log Analysis: How people navigate through your website
• What?
– Analysis of your website's log files to determine visitor paths and most/least visited content visitor
paths.
• Why?
– Evaluate content performance, determine top entry and exit pages, visitor paths, internal
searches, which may indicate failed navigation or missing content.
• How?
– Analyze existing log files and web stats, identify patterns and determine their causes, summarize
findings.
23. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 23
How Can You Ensure Usability?
• Personas
– User archetype (fictional person) used to summarize and communicate key goals,
tasks, and attributes of a major user group based on research findings.
• Task Flows or Scenarios
– Diagram or chart documenting the steps that users take in order to achieve specific
goals.
• Information Architecture
– Site map diagram representing the website’s content hierarchy and navigation
designed to accommodate user needs and projected navigation paths.
• Wireframes
– Low or high-fidelity page prototypes (blueprints) laying out the structure, content,
features, and navigational tools of the page without defining the visual look and feel.
1. Research 2. Design 3. Validate
24. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 24
How Can You Ensure Usability?
• Persona: The user archetype we design for
• What?
– User archetype (fictional person) used to summarize and communicate key goals, tasks, and
attributes of a major user group based on research findings.
• Why?
– Avoid the trap of designing for an "average" user, base design decisions on the user needs rather
than personal preferences, prioritize design efforts.
• How?
– Analyze findings from user research, capture most representative user’s goals, tasks,
motivations, expectations, demographics, behavior, information needs, and context.
25. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 25
How Can You Ensure Usability?
26. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 26
How Can You Ensure Usability?
• Task Flows or Scenarios: Users’ paths required to complete tasks
• What?
– Diagram or chart documenting the steps that users take in order to achieve specific goals.
• Why?
– Capture and communicate persona’s steps and projected navigation paths, provide specific
pages that match users' goals, tasks, and steps.
• How?
– Analyze findings from user research, create task flow diagrams capturing users goals, step-by-
step tasks, and decision points.
27. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 27
How Can You Ensure Usability?
28. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 28
How Can You Ensure Usability?
• Information Architecture: Website’s content hierarchy
• What?
– Site map diagrams representing the website’s content hierarchy and navigation designed to
accommodate user needs and projected navigation paths.
• Why?
– Describe at a high level the website’s structure and user experience flow, provide a visual
communication tool for project stakeholders, content writers, designers, and developers.
• How?
– Based on the identified users’ goals, content & feature needs, priorities, and projected navigation
paths, create a site map diagram using Visio or other diagramming tool.
29. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 29
How Can You Ensure Usability?
30. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 30
How Can You Ensure Usability?
• Wireframes: Website’s page-level blueprints
• What?
– Low or high-fidelity page prototypes (blueprints) laying out the structure, content, features, and
navigational tools of the page without defining the visual look and feel.
• Why?
– Gather feedback from users while still planning and designing the website, save redesign costs by
ensuring usability early in the development process, clarify specific requirements.
• How?
– Based on the identified users’ goals, needs, priorities, navigation paths, and website’s information
architecture, create page wireframe mockups using Visio or other tools.
31. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 31
How Can You Ensure Usability?
32. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 32
How Can You Ensure Usability?
• Usability Testing
– In a standard usability test, the user is asked perform typical tasks using the
system/design prototypes, while observers watch and take notes.
• Log analysis
– Analysis of your website's log files to determine visitor paths and most/least
visited content visitor paths.
• Metrics
– Site evaluation against established strategic metrics goals, such as conversions,
page hits, etc.
1. Research 2. Design 3. Validate
33. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 33
How Can You Ensure Usability?
• Usability Testing: User validation of the website’s design
• What?
– In a standard usability test, the user is asked perform typical tasks using the system/design
prototypes, while observers watch and take notes.
• Why?
– Find out if the website’s design allows users to complete their tasks effectively, efficiently, and with
satisfaction, identify and prioritize usability problems.
• How?
– Test early and often. Define the objectives, select participants, identify the tasks for the test,
create usability testing script, conduct the tests, analyze results, provide redesign
recommendations.
34. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 34
Sample Usability Testing
• Video clip
35. NACCDO | PAN | Marketing | 2007 Conference29 April 2007 35
Q&A
• Questions?