Watershed management involves the conservation and judicious use of natural and human resources within a watershed area. A watershed is an area of land that drains water to a common outlet such as a river, lake, or ocean. The goal of watershed development is to balance the environment and its natural resources with human development through activities like soil management, afforestation, livestock management, and rural energy management. Watersheds are classified based on their size and drainage area. The objectives of watershed management include utilizing land according to its capabilities, controlling erosion, increasing employment and crop yields, and improving water availability and groundwater recharge.
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Irrigation Efficiency
Water conveyance Efficiency
It takes into account, conveyance or transit losses such as seepage through canal and evaporation through it.
η_c=W_f/W_r ×100
Where, Wf = water delivered to the field
Wr = water delivered from river or stream
Water Application Efficiency
It is the ratio of water stored in root zone to the water delivered to the field.
η_a=W_s/W_f ×100
Where, WS = water weight stored in root zone
WS = Wf – deep percolation – runoff
Wf = water delivered to the field
This efficiency is also called as farm efficiency and it depends on the irrigation technique that has been adopted.
Water use efficiency
It is the ratio of water used beneficially or consumptively to the water delivered to the field.
η_u=W_u/W_f ×100
Where, Wf = water delivered to the field
WU = consumptively used water
Water Storage Efficiency
This is the ratio of actual water stored in the root zone to the water needed to be stored to bring the moisture content upto field capacity.
Water Distribution efficiency
This evaluate the degree to which water is uniformly distributed to the root zone throughout the field area.
η_d=(1-y/d)×100
Where, d = average depth
y = Average numerical deviation in the depth of water stored from the average depth stored during irrigation
Question – the depths of penetration along the length of a border strip at points 30 m apart were proved. There observed values are 2 m, 1.9 m, 1.8 m, 1.6 m and 1.5 m. Compute the water distribution efficiency.
Solution –
Water distribution efficiency,
η_d=(1-y/d)×100
Where, d = average depth
d = (2+1.9+1.8+1.6+1.5)/5=1.76
And y = average numerical deviation
y = 1/5((2-1.76)+(1.9-1.76)+(1.8-1.76)+(1.76-1.6)+(1.76-1.5)=0.168
Therefore,
η_d=(1-0.168/1.76)×100
η_d=90.45%
Consumptive Use Efficiency
It is the ratio of water used consumptively to the net amount of water from the root zone.
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Irrigation Efficiency
Water conveyance Efficiency
It takes into account, conveyance or transit losses such as seepage through canal and evaporation through it.
η_c=W_f/W_r ×100
Where, Wf = water delivered to the field
Wr = water delivered from river or stream
Water Application Efficiency
It is the ratio of water stored in root zone to the water delivered to the field.
η_a=W_s/W_f ×100
Where, WS = water weight stored in root zone
WS = Wf – deep percolation – runoff
Wf = water delivered to the field
This efficiency is also called as farm efficiency and it depends on the irrigation technique that has been adopted.
Water use efficiency
It is the ratio of water used beneficially or consumptively to the water delivered to the field.
η_u=W_u/W_f ×100
Where, Wf = water delivered to the field
WU = consumptively used water
Water Storage Efficiency
This is the ratio of actual water stored in the root zone to the water needed to be stored to bring the moisture content upto field capacity.
Water Distribution efficiency
This evaluate the degree to which water is uniformly distributed to the root zone throughout the field area.
η_d=(1-y/d)×100
Where, d = average depth
y = Average numerical deviation in the depth of water stored from the average depth stored during irrigation
Question – the depths of penetration along the length of a border strip at points 30 m apart were proved. There observed values are 2 m, 1.9 m, 1.8 m, 1.6 m and 1.5 m. Compute the water distribution efficiency.
Solution –
Water distribution efficiency,
η_d=(1-y/d)×100
Where, d = average depth
d = (2+1.9+1.8+1.6+1.5)/5=1.76
And y = average numerical deviation
y = 1/5((2-1.76)+(1.9-1.76)+(1.8-1.76)+(1.76-1.6)+(1.76-1.5)=0.168
Therefore,
η_d=(1-0.168/1.76)×100
η_d=90.45%
Consumptive Use Efficiency
It is the ratio of water used consumptively to the net amount of water from the root zone.
Levels in planning, Functional requirements of water resources projects, steps in
water resources planning, Environmental aspects in water resources planning.
Check dams- a strategy to check siltation and sedimentation from catchment areas into nearby water bodies. Its mode of action, types, advantages and disadvantages.
Watershed Management
In this presentation I have covered the topics :
1. What is watershed ?
2. Types of Watershed
3. Classification of watershed.
4. Watershed Management
5. Objectives
6. Components
7. Causes of Watershed Deterioration
8. Water management structures
Topics:
1, Introduction to Irrigation
2. Methods of Irrigation
3. Indian Agricultural Soils
4. Methods of Improving Soil Fertility & Crop Rotation
5. Soil-Water-Plant Relationship
6. Duty and Delta
7. Depth and Frequency of Irrigation
8. Irrigation Efficiency and Water Logging
This presentation deals with Watershed Management In India and areas where there is scope of development. It also talks about a solution and our urges that our approach should be based on sustainability.
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT - INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION, CONCEPTS OF WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT, OBJECTIVES, INTEGRATED AND MULTI DISCIPLINARY APPROACHES, CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERSHED
CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERSHED: size, shape; physiography, slope, climate, drainage, land use, vegetation, geology and soils, hydrology and hydrogeology, socio-economic characteristics, basic data on watersheds.
Introduction
Hydrology
Water cycle
Watershed Development
Integrated Watershed Management
Water Conservation & Harvesting
Basic introduction of hydraulic structures.
conclusion
references
Levels in planning, Functional requirements of water resources projects, steps in
water resources planning, Environmental aspects in water resources planning.
Check dams- a strategy to check siltation and sedimentation from catchment areas into nearby water bodies. Its mode of action, types, advantages and disadvantages.
Watershed Management
In this presentation I have covered the topics :
1. What is watershed ?
2. Types of Watershed
3. Classification of watershed.
4. Watershed Management
5. Objectives
6. Components
7. Causes of Watershed Deterioration
8. Water management structures
Topics:
1, Introduction to Irrigation
2. Methods of Irrigation
3. Indian Agricultural Soils
4. Methods of Improving Soil Fertility & Crop Rotation
5. Soil-Water-Plant Relationship
6. Duty and Delta
7. Depth and Frequency of Irrigation
8. Irrigation Efficiency and Water Logging
This presentation deals with Watershed Management In India and areas where there is scope of development. It also talks about a solution and our urges that our approach should be based on sustainability.
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT - INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION, CONCEPTS OF WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT, OBJECTIVES, INTEGRATED AND MULTI DISCIPLINARY APPROACHES, CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERSHED
CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERSHED: size, shape; physiography, slope, climate, drainage, land use, vegetation, geology and soils, hydrology and hydrogeology, socio-economic characteristics, basic data on watersheds.
Introduction
Hydrology
Water cycle
Watershed Development
Integrated Watershed Management
Water Conservation & Harvesting
Basic introduction of hydraulic structures.
conclusion
references
In this PPT you will learn about the watershed management of different crops, it types, objectives, different factors,its advantages and its dis-advantages and its sailent features etc.,..
so use it effecctively and efficiently.
Assalam U Alikum.
I hope you all fine.
In these slides we shortly discuss watershed management its objectives, principles, advantages, disadvantages and more stuff like this.
Enjoy my these slides & I will share another slides soon.
Jazak Allah Khair.
Assalam U Alikum.
Hydrology of urban areas and agricultural lands.pptxDrSr6
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Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
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2. • A watershed is an area of a land, such as a mountain or valley ,
which collects rainwater into a common outlet.
• It is an area where the water from rainfall and snowfall is
drained to a common point.
• we may say it as catchment, catchment area, catchment basin,
river basin and water basin.
• acts as a funnel by collecting all the water with in the area
covered by the watershed channeling it to a single point
3. WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT
conservation and the judicious use of all the
resources – natural (land, water, plants,
animals)and human within the watershed area in an
integrated manner.
development tries to bring about best possible
balance in the environment between natural
resources and living organisms.
4. • Human resources development.
• Soil and land management .
• Crop management .
• Afforestation or establishment of forest.
• Pasture / fodder development.
• Live stock management.
• Rural energy management .
Components of watershed development:-
5. Classification of watershed :-
The watershed is classified mainly in two types:-
•Macro watershed(400-2000 ha.) 4- 20 sq.km
•Micro watershed (less than 400 ha) ˂ 4 sq.km
6. •Sub - watershed (10000-50000 ha) 100 – 500 sq.km
•Multi – watershed (1000-10000 ha) 10-100 sq.km
•Mini – watershed (1-100 ha) less than 1 sq.km
Some other types of watersheds are
7. Objectives of watershed management :-
•Utilizing the land according to its capability.
•Putting adequate vegetal cover on the soil during rainy season.
•Draining out excess water with a safe velocity and delivering it to
storage ponds avoiding situations of hazards and store it for further
use for supplemental irrigation during stress periods.
•Avoiding gully formation and putting checks a suitable intervals to
control soil erosion and recharge ground water.
•Increase in the employment opportunities of the people.
8. •Increasing cropping intensity and land equivalent ratio through
intercropping and sequence cropping.
•Improving infrastructural facilities with regards to storage
transportation and marketing.
•Improving the socio – economic status of the farmers.
•To moderate the floods peaks at down stream areas.
•To increase infiltration of rain water.
•To manage and utilize the runoff water for useful purpose.
•To enhance the ground water recharge , wherever applicable.
