This document discusses water and its importance for human health. It notes that water makes up 50-70% of total body weight and is essential for all bodily functions and processes. Dehydration can occur quickly and cause health issues within a few days if water intake is insufficient. The document outlines where water is stored in the body and daily water needs. It also discusses electrolytes and their importance for fluid balance.

1. DR. LOUAY LABBAN

3.  Very important nutrient
 The largest component of the human body
 50 % to 70 % of total weight is water
 A man 70 kg weight, water is 35 to 49 kg
 Lean muscle contains 73% water
 Adipose tissues contain 20% water

4.  You can survive 8 weeks without eating
 But you can survive few days without water
 Everyday, the body loses 2-3 quarts which is
around 12 cups through sweat , urination,
skin ( evaporation ) and breathing

5.  Water makes up 75 % of the earth area.
 Water is in form of , river, lakes , oceans

7.  Actually, only 1% of the world's water is
usable to us.
 About 97% is salty sea water, and 2% is
frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps.

8.  Thus that 1% of the world's water supply is a
precious commodity necessary for our
survival.
 Dehydration (lack of water) will kill us faster
than starvation (lack of food).

9.  Since the plants and animals we eat also
depend on water, lack of it could cause both
dehydration and starvation.The scenario gets
worse.

10.  Water that looks drinkable can contain
harmful elements, which could cause illness
and death if ingested.

11.  Water is needed for every living organisms
from single cell organism to largest animal.
 Water is a key element for agriculture that
produce food for our population.

15.  Used in every cell of your body.
 It is the main component of the fluids
including the blood.

16.  It’s part of body’s temperature regulating
system
 Lubricant to the joints
 Carries nutrients, oxygen and waste
 Protects tissue and organs from shocks like
spinal cord
 Lubricates mouth by saliva and helps in
digestion

17.  Helps in absorption
 Helps in excretion of wastes
 Helps in maintaining healthy weight
 And many more………….

19.  A significant fraction of the human body is
water.
 Lean muscle tissue contains about 75%
water.
 Blood contains 95% water, body fat contains
14% water and bone has 22%

20.  The human body is about 60% water in adult
males and 55% in adult females.

21.  We cannot reduce our water losses from the
body to less than about 1200 ml per day (the
skin, respiratory, and faecal losses, and a
minimum urine volume of about 400 ml per
day),

22.  Water and its dissolved constituents make up
the bulk of the body, and determine the
nature of nearly every physiological process.

23.  A natural bodily fluid or secretion of fluid
such as blood, semen, or saliva.
 Total body water, contained principally in
blood plasma and in intracellular and
interstitial fluids.

24.  This percentage varies between 50% and
70%, with the exact value primarily
dependent on a person's fat content.
 Since fat has very low water, individuals with
more fat will have a lower overall percentage
of body weight as water

25.  The body's water is effectively
compartmentalized into several major
divisions.

26.  Body water is broken down into the following
compartments:
 Intracellular fluid (2/3 of BodyWater)
 Is the fluid contained within a cell

27.  Extracellular fluid (1/3 of BodyWater)
 Is fluid present outside cells
 Plasma or intravascullar(1/5 of Extracellular fluid)
 Interstitial fluid , fluid between cells(4/5 of
Extracellular fluid)
 Transcellular fluid (normally ignored in
calculations)

28.  The simplest calculation is the 60-40-20 rule.
 Total BodyWater = 60% of BodyWeight
 Intracellular fluid = 40% of BodyWeight
 Extracellular fluid = 20% of BodyWeight

29.  3.7 liter ( 15 cups ) a day for adult men
 2.7 liter ( 11 cups ) a day for adult women
 These amount comes from various sources
like food, various drinks and even water
resulted from metabolism which measures
about 250 ml

30.  Dehydration is the loss of water from the
body.
 A related disorder is volume depletion where
both fluids and salts are depleted in the cells

32.  Fluid loss
 Sweating
 Vomiting
 Diarrhea
 Fever
 Hot flashes
 Sunburn

33.  Excessive dieting
 Anorexia nervosa
 Blood loss
 Internal bleeding
 Gastrointestinal bleeding

34.  Diabetes - excessive thirst is a hallmark of
various types of diabetes:
 Type 1 diabetes
 Type 2 diabetes
 Diabetic ketoacidosis
 Poorly controlled diabetes

35.  Thirst
 Stronger thirst
 loss of appetite
 Less movement
 impatience, nausea
 Tingling in arms and legs, headache
 fever
 Increased pulse rate

36.  Difficult breathing
 Dizziness
 Indistinct speech
 Weakness
 Mental confusion
 Muscle disorders
 Eyes closed

37.  Failing kidney functions
 Inability to swallow
 Swollen tongue
 Deafness
 Cracked skins
 Death at loss of 20% of initial body weight

39.  Electrolyte is a "medical/scientific" term for
salts, specifically ions.
 The term electrolyte means that this ion is
electrically-charged and moves to either a
negative (cathode) or positive (anode)
Electrolytes

40.  For example, the body fluids such as blood,
plasma, interstitial fluid (fluid between cells) -
- are like seawater and have a high
concentration of sodium chloride (table salt,
or NaCl).

41.  The electrolytes in sodium chloride are:
 sodium ion (Na+) - cation
 chloride ion (Cl-) - anion

42.  As for your body, the major electrolytes are
as follows:
 sodium (Na+)
 potassium (K+)
 chloride (Cl-)
 calcium (Ca2+)

43.  magnesium (Mg2+)
 bicarbonate (HCO3
-)
 phosphate (PO4
2-)
 sulfate (SO4
2-)

45.  Another example where electrolyte drinks are
important is when infants/children have
chronic vomiting or diarrhea, perhaps due to
intestinal flu viruses.

46.  When children vomit or have diarrhea, they
lose electrolytes.
 Again, these electrolytes and the fluids must
be replaced to prevent dehydration and
seizures..

47.  Therefore, drinks such as Pedialyte have
sodium and potassium in them like the sports
drinks do