The document introduces the team Phoenix and provides information about water repellent finishes for fabrics. It defines water repellent fabrics as those that resist being wetted by water and allow water drops to roll off. There are three main types of water repellent finishes - non-durable, semi-durable, and durable. Various chemistries are used in each type of finish. Common test methods for evaluating water repellency include the spray test method. Water repellent fabrics have applications in items like umbrellas, swimsuits, car seats, and more.
Wrinkle free resin finishing is a process to apply chemical resin onto fabrics functioning crosslinking between hydrogen bonds in order to enhance stability, on other words, fabrics are prevent to wrinkling. The ability of a fabric to recover to a definite degree is called crease recovery of the fabric.Tendency of fabrics made by cellulose, regenerated cellulose and blends with synthetic fibers to wrinkle after washing, tumble drying and wearing are higher. Today everybody wishes for that his/her dress retains just ironed shape. Wrinkle free finishes provide wrinkle free and soft look fabric. Wrinkle free finishes are broadly used in the textile industry to impart wrinkle-resistance to cellulosic materials such as cotton fabric.
to overcome the problem of easily fire catching to fabrics
it will reduce the wealth loss and causing material saving as well as it will cause healthy environment without sudden damage due to fire
chemicals treated are chlorine bromine , and also the bad effects of flame retardants
Wrinkle free resin finishing is a process to apply chemical resin onto fabrics functioning crosslinking between hydrogen bonds in order to enhance stability, on other words, fabrics are prevent to wrinkling. The ability of a fabric to recover to a definite degree is called crease recovery of the fabric.Tendency of fabrics made by cellulose, regenerated cellulose and blends with synthetic fibers to wrinkle after washing, tumble drying and wearing are higher. Today everybody wishes for that his/her dress retains just ironed shape. Wrinkle free finishes provide wrinkle free and soft look fabric. Wrinkle free finishes are broadly used in the textile industry to impart wrinkle-resistance to cellulosic materials such as cotton fabric.
to overcome the problem of easily fire catching to fabrics
it will reduce the wealth loss and causing material saving as well as it will cause healthy environment without sudden damage due to fire
chemicals treated are chlorine bromine , and also the bad effects of flame retardants
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
1. Welcome to Our
Presentation
My team name is Phoenix.
Hasibul Hasan
ID: 163-0102-020
Mosfekur Rahman
ID:123-0378-002
Abu Naser Mohd. Muntakim
ID:163-0117-020
Pinki Rani Gope
ID:163-0089-020
Israt Jerin Binte
Hasan
ID:163-0135-020
4. Introduction :
Water repellent are chemical finish.
Resist the penetration of water into the fabric.
Permits the passage of moisture or air through the fabric.
Defination:
water repellent fabrics are those which resist being wetted by water, water drops will
roll off the fabric.
A fabric’s resistance to water will depend on
• the nature of the fiber surface,
• the porosity of the fabric
• the dynamic force behind the impacting water spray.
Water Repellent Finish
5. Purpose
For certain uses such as Tarpaulin, Umbrella cloth, Rain coat
fabric etc.
It is required to give this type of finish as these type of fabrics
are generally used against the air and water in the normal life.
This finish makes the wearer feel uneasy and uncomfortable as
the air circulation is not there.
8. Principal
‘A film on the surface of the fabric should be formed for the prevention of air
and water’.
Water repellent fabric is coated with a finish that is resistant but not imper
vious to penetration by water.
In this finish, there are some micro hole, which is smaller than water, but
bigger than vapors. So water can not passed by this fabric, but vapor can
pass.
9. Requirements
Purpose and Scope:
• This method of test is especially suitable for screening if any texti
le has been given a water-repellency finishes. It is not intended
for use in measuring the penetration of water through the fabric.
Terminology:
• Water Repellency: in textiles, the characteristic of a fiber,
yarn or fabric to resist wetting.
12. chemistry of water repellent
1. Mechanical incorporation of the water repellent products in the fiber or fabri
c surface.
Example : Paraffin emulsion.
2. Chemical reaction of the repellent material with the fiber surface. Example :
Fatty acid resins.
3. The formation of a repellent film on the fiber surface.
Example : Silicon and Fluorocarbon products.
4. The final approach is to use special fabric construction.
Like stretched poly tetra flouro ethylene films (Goretex)
Films of hydrophilic polyester (Sympatex).
And micro phorous coating (Hydrophilic modified polyurethanes)
13. Water repellent finishes
• Water repellents are chemical finishes
• Resist the penetration of water into the fabric
• Permits the passage of moisture or air through the fabric
• There are three types of water repellent finishes:
non-durable finishes,
semi-durable finishes,
durable finishes,
14. Non-durable finishes
• This type of water repellent finish is usually based on paraffin
wax-aluminum acetate emulsion.
• non-durable finishes are easily removed in laundering or dry-cleaning.
• non-durable finishes do not provide satisfactory resistance to liquids.
• Examples: Aquarol AX, Aridex WP, Dryon, Repelex etc.
15. Semi-durable finishes
• These are wax or salt solutions.
• They are emulsified off the fabric in laundering.
• They ate resistant to dry-cleaning.
• Examples: Bishopel, Dryon A-B, Nalan W etc.
16. Durable finishes
• There are several types of durable water repellents, such as
1. Pyridinium compounds
It is Applied to cotton, linen & viscose rayon
fabrics.
It also endures repeated washings
as well as dry-cleaning.
It improves the fabric’s appearance.
Example: Aerotex
17. 2. Melamine resins & stearamides compounds
It is used on cotton, rayon etc.
These have excellent repellency and
good tolerance to laundering
Example: Hydro-Pruf.
18. 3. Silicone compounds
These are excellent water
repellents.
The finish is usually more resistanc
e to dry cleaning than to laundering.
Example: Zelan, Zepel etc
19. Several test methods of water repellency
of fabrics
AATCC TM22: Water Repellency-Spray Test
AATCC TM35: Water Resistance: Rain Test
AATCC TM42: Water Resistance: Impact Penetration Test
AATCC TM70: Water Repellency-Tumble Jar Dynamic
Absorption Test
AATCC TM127: Water Resistance: Hydrostatic Pressure Test
# In many tests, Spray test are briefly use.
20. Working procedure of spray test method
• Step-1: The sample fabric is mounted on a metal hoop.
21. • Step-2: Then the metal hoop attached with sample fabric is fix
ed on the instrument at 45ᵒ angle.
22. • Step-3: Now the beaker is filled with 250 cc water.
24. • Step-5: spray the whole quantity of water on the test specimen for a period of
25 - 30 sec
25. • Step-6: After spraying has finished the sample holder is
removed and the surplus water removed by tapping the
frame 6 times against a solid object.
31. Conclusion
• Comfort property has become the most prime objective of the
buyer/consumer where breathability of the fabric with water proof
ness has been the primary importance in areas that do not enjoy
the evergreen nature.
• Extensive research is required to understand the relationship bet
ween segmental ventilation and local comfort of the fabric subject
ed to active usage of the person.
