This presentation provides an overview of non-woven fabrics. It discusses the history and increasing production of non-wovens in Europe and the US. The main methods for producing non-woven fabrics are dry laying, wet laying, and spun melt. Key bonding methods are adhesive bonding, thermal bonding, and mechanical entanglement. Non-wovens are used in various industries like agriculture, construction, automotive, medical, and more. The manufacturing process involves fiber preparation, web formation, bonding, drying, and finishing. Cotton and polypropylene are common fibers used for non-woven production.

1. WELCOME
 Presentation on:
Non-woven

2. Presented by:
Md. Al-Amin Masum
ID: 2015100400011
Batch: 29th
BSc in Textile Engineering
Southeast University
alaminmasum11@gmail.com

3. Non-woven
 Introduction:
Nonwoven fabric
production is
relatively new. Over
the last few
decades, it has
created a very
healthy impression.
In USA and Europe,
nonwoven
companies
continuously
increase their
production capacities
and installed new
plants and modern

4. History
 According to the statistics of 1978
from CIRFS, in Europe, the total
amount of fabric used to produce
nonwoven fabrics, is increased around
10% in 1978 compared with 1974. The
uses of nonwovens are both disposal
and durable. Nonwovens are still
increasing in importance; production is
increasing at the rate of 11% per
annum.

5. Nonwoven
 Nonwoven are a sheet, web, or bat
of natural and/or man-made fibers or
filaments, excluding paper, that have
not been converted into yarns, and
that are bonded to each other by
any of several means.
 The various methods for bonding
are:
1. Adding an adhesive.
2. Thermally fusing the fibers or
filament to each other or to the
other melt able fiber or powder.
3. Fusing fibers by first dissolved,
and then re-solidifying their
surface.
4. Creating physical tangles or tuft
among the fibers.
5. Stitching the fibers or filaments in
place.

6. Reasons for the increase use of
Nonwoven
 The most important reason for the increased use of nonwoven
is their economic manufacturing process. Viscose, polyester,
polypropylene, cotton, wood pulp and waste fibers are the most
used fibers for nonwoven production.
 Replacing traditional knits and woven.
 Widely used as interlining in blouses, jackets, blazer, waistband
etc.
 Used for medical textiles with special barrier materials to
protection.
 Nonwoven used as geotextile, construction site and several
applications.

7. Manufacturing process of
nonwoven
Preparation of the fiber.
Web formation.
Web bonding.
Drying.
Curing.
Finishing.

8. Process use for nonwoven
production
 Nonwoven can be
produce from
 Staple fiber webs
 Spun-laid continuous
filament.
 Method of fiber
laying
 Dry laying.
 Wet laying.
 Spun melt.

9. Dry laid
 For the production of nonwovens
from staple fibers, a carding
process is required for fiber
separation and web formation. The
webs produced by this system are
known as dry laid webs. Dry-laid
webs are subdivided according to
the fiber orientation into three types:
 Parallel-laid.
 Cross-laid.
 Random-laid.

10. Parallel laid
 The mass per unit area of
card web is normally too low
to be used directly in a
nonwoven.
 Additionally the uniformity can
be increased by laying several
card webs over each other to
form the batt.
 The simplest and cheapest
way of doing this is by parallel.
 The webs from each card fall
onto the lattice forming a batt
with three times the mass per
unit area.
 If the cards are longer this
method becomes unwieldy
and instead the cards are
placed side-by-side.

11. Cross laid
 When cross laying, the
card (or cards) are
placed at right angles
to the main conveyor
just one layer in on
other layer.
 But in this case the
card web is traversed
backwards and
forwards across the
main conveyor, which
itself is moving.
 The result is a zig-zag
is formed.

12. Random laid
 The random-laid method
produces the final batt in
one stage without first
making a lighter weight
web.
 It is also capable of running
at high production speeds
but is similar to the parallel-
lay method in that the width
of the final batt is the same
as the width of the random-
laying machine, usually in
the range of 3–4m.
 The degree of fibre
opening available in an
random-lay machine varies
from one manufacturer to
another, but in all cases it
is very much lower than in
a card.

13. Wet laid
 In wet laid system, a fiber slurry is
collected on a wire mash,
condensed to form a web and
finally dried. The wet-laid process
is a development from
papermaking that was undertaken
because the production speeds of
papermaking are very high
compared with textile production.
Textile fibres are cut very short by
textile standards (6–20mm).

14. Spun-melt
 Spun laying includes extrusion
of the filaments from the
polymer raw material, drawing
the filaments and laying them
into a batt. As laying and
bonding are normally
continuous, this process
represents the shortest
possible textile route from
polymer to fabric in one stage.
In addition to this the spun-laid
process has been made more
versatile.

15. Bonding methods used for
nonwoven production
 Adhesive bonding:
 By saturation padding.
 By printing.
 By foam.
 By spraying.
 Thermal bonding:
 By applying heat on.
 Thermostatic fibers.
 Bi-component fibers.
 Thermoplastic powder.
 Mechanical entanglement of fibers:
 By needle punching.
 Water-jet entanglement.
 Stitch bonding.

16. Use of Nonwoven
 Home furnishings.
 Agriculture & landscaping
 Military.
 Automotive.
 Nonwoven Industries.
 Construction site.
 Nonwoven Geo textile.
 Nonwoven Medical
textile.

17. Nonwoven for Medical textile
 Now-a-days nonwoven are
widely used in medical
textile. The reason of
increasing used of
nonwoven as medical
textile because of its low
cost and bio-compatible.
 Nonwoven medical textile
 Surgical gown clothes
 Face Mask.
 Bandages.
 Filter bandages.
 Lab coat.
 Coverall.
 Consultation coat.
 Apron
 Cleanroom wiper
 Cap
 Shoe cover.

18. Nonwoven for Geotextile
• A lot of geo-textiles made from
nonwoven. Products of nonwoven
used as geotextile. Non-woven
geotextile, which have the texture
of felt, are often quicker and
cheaper to create but also
have shorter lifespan and do
nothing to help reinforce or
stabilize the soil.
• Such as,
 Nonwoven pipe.
 Nonwoven filter.
 Load bearing sheet.
 Protection.
 Geo membranes.
 Geo composites.

19. Nonwoven application in
construction
 Anti-radiation type
construction textile
will be very important
in the future. Foil,
special film,
combined with
materials such as
foam thermal
insulation products.
Nonwoven used
breathable, sound
insulation wind and
rain proof light
houses.

20. Products of nonwoven
Agriculture &
landscaping
Home
furnishings
Industrial Military automotive
Crop covers Furniture
construction
sheeting
Coated fabric Military
clothings
Trunk
application
Turf protection
products
Insulation,
arms and
back
Clean room
apparel
Filters Floor covers
Nursery
overwintering
Cushion
ticking
Cable
insulation
Reinforced
plastics
Front, back,
side liners
Weed control
fabrics
Dust covers Lab coats Protective
clothing
Wheelhouse
covers
Root bags Pillows, pillow
cases
Tapes Packaging Seat
applications
Containers Blankets Flame barriers Display felts Cover slip
sheets
Capillary Upholstery Conveyor wipers Foam

21. Needle-punched Nonwoven
 Needle-punched nonwoven are created by
mechanically orienting and interlocking the fibers of
a spun-bonded or carded wed. This mechanical
interlocking is achieved with thousands of barber felt
needles repeatedly passing into and out of the web.
The needle-punch process is illustrated in fig

22. Dry powder bonding
nonwoven
 Thermoplastic powders may be used as an alternative to
thermoplastic fibres for bonding in all the methods of
thermobonding except for point bonding, where powder in the
unbonded areas would be wasted and would drop out in use.
Products made by powder bonding seem to be characterised
by softness and flexibility but in general they have relatively
low strength.Again there is a very wide range of uses
covering particularly the high bulk applications, protective
apparel and coverstock areas.

23. Cotton used for Non woven
production
 Cotton fiber is widely known as a key textile ingredient, but its
properties make it ideal for a range of nonwovens products,
such as: diapers, baby wipes, feminine hygiene and adult
incontinence products. With growing concerns about the
environmental impact of synthetic fibers, cotton offers a
flushable, compostable and comfortable alternative to man-
made fibers.
 Diapers (75%)
 Baby wipes (71%)
 Feminine Napkins (80%)
 Tampons (82%)
 Adult Incontinence Products (61%)

24. Advantages of nonwoven
 Economical manufacturing
process.
 It has the greatest
compressive strength of all
reinforce materials.
 Low coefficient of thermal
expansion.
 High strength to weight
ratio.
 Nonwoven have
diversification application.

25. Thank you