This document discusses water quality and its impact on human health. It provides information on water composition and states. It identifies various water contaminants like arsenic, lead, nitrate, etc. and their health effects when ingested. Sources of contaminants in drinking water are also outlined. The document then lists Bangladesh's drinking water quality standards with permissible limits for different parameters like pH, turbidity, heavy metals, etc. set by the government to ensure water safety.

1. Water Quality & Impact
on Human Health
Md. Aminur Rahman
Senior Chemist
DPHE Zonal Laboratory, Khulna.

2. Information- H20.
 A water molecule
consists of three
atoms; an oxygen
atom and two
hydrogen atoms,
and chemical
formula of water is
H20.

3. Information- H20
 Water is an universal solvent. Water
can take almost anything in solution
that comes in contact and many
substances in suspension.
 Different stage of water: Water exists
in three states- solid, liquid, and
gaseous

4. Information- H20.
 Water covers about 70% of the
Earth's surface.
 Our physical body consists of over
70 percent water.

5. Identify Water Contaminants
by Physical Observation
Problem or Concern Tests to Consider
(Test as appropriate after further study)
Appearance
Frothy, foamy Detergents
Black flakes Manganese
Brown, yellow or reddish Iron
Odor or taste
Rotten egg Hydrogen sulfide
Metallic pH, iron, zinc, copper, lead, heavy
metal
Salty Total dissolved solids, chloride,
sodium, sulfates

6. Identify Water Contaminants
by Physical Observation
Problem or Concern Tests to Consider
(Test as appropriate after further study)
Septic, musty or earthy Coliform bacteria, iron
Soapy Surfactants, detergents
Red or brown Iron
Black Manganese
Green or blue Copper
Reddish-brown slime Iron bacteria
White deposits, soap scum Hardness
Developing teeth buds or
discoloration of children's
teeth occurs.
Fluoride

7. S Y L H E T
R A N G A M A T I
B O G R A
T A N G A I L
P A B N A
D I N A J P U R
B A N D A R B A N
N A O G A O N S U N A M G A N J
C H I T T A G O N GS A T K H I R A
N A T O R
J E S S O R E
H A B I G A N J
R A N G P U R
B H O L A
N E T R A K O N A
S I R A J G A N J
K U R I G R A M
N O A K H A L I
B A G E R H A T
F A R I D P U R
F E N I
J A M A L P U R
K U S H T I A
G A Z I P U R
G A I B A N D H A
M O U L V I B A Z A R
K I S H O R E G A N J
J H E N A I D A H
K H A G R A C H H A R I
C O X 'S B A Z A R
C H A N D P U R
N I L P H A M A R I
S H E R P U R
N A R A I L
R A J B A R I
T H A K U R G A O N
G O P A L G A N J
B R A H M A N B A R I A
M A G U R A
M A N I K G A N J
L A K S M I P U RB A R I S A L
P A N C H A G A R
N A R S I N G D I
S H A R I A T P U R
M A D A R I P U R
C H U A D A N G A
L A L M O N I R H A T
C H A P A I N A W A B G A N J
J O Y P U R H A T
M U N S H I G A N J
P A T U A K H A L I
M E H E R P U R
B O R G U N A
N A R A Y A N G A N J
P I R O J P U R
J H A L A K A T I
E x i s t in g R e g io n a l L a b ( T a r g e t S it e )
K H U L N A
C O M I L L A
M Y M E N S I N G H
R A J S H A H I
D H A K A
C e n t r a l L a b
E x i s t in g R e g io n a l L a b
N e w R e g io n a l L a b
0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 k m

8. Water Contaminants , Health
Effect & Probable Source

9. Contaminant
Potential Health Effects
from Ingestion of Water
Sources of Contaminant in
Drinking Water
Total Coliforms (including fecal coliform and
E. Coli)
Gastrointestinal illness (e.g.,
diarrhea, vomiting,). It is used
to indicate whether other
potentially harmful bacteria
may be present
Coliforms are naturally
present in the environment;
as well as feces; fecal
coliforms and E. coli only
come from human and
animal fecal waste.
Turbidity Higher turbidity levels are
often associated with higher
levels of disease-causing
microorganisms such as
viruses, parasites and some
bacteria. These organisms
can cause symptoms such as
nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and
associated headaches.
Soil runoff

10. Contaminant
Potential Health Effects from
Ingestion of Water
Sources of Contaminant in
Drinking Water
Antimony Increase in blood cholesterol;
decrease in blood sugar
Discharge from petroleum
refineries; fire retardants;
ceramics; electronics; solder
Arsenic Skin damage or problems with
circulatory systems, and may
have increased risk of getting
cancer
Erosion of natural deposits;
runoff from orchards, runoff
from glass & electronics
production wastes
Barium Increase in blood pressure Discharge of drilling wastes;
discharge from metal
refineries; erosion of natural
deposits
Cadmium Kidney damage Corrosion of galvanized pipes;
erosion of natural deposits;
discharge from metal
refineries; runoff from waste
batteries and paints
Chromium (total)Allergic dermatitis Discharge from steel and pulp
mills; erosion of natural
deposits

11. Contaminan
t
Potential Health Effects from
Ingestion of Water
Sources of
Contaminant in
Drinking Water
Copper Short term exposure: Gastrointestinal
distress
Long term exposure: Liver or kidney
damage
People with Wilson's Disease should
consult their personal doctor if the
amount of copper in their water
exceeds the action level
Corrosion of
household plumbing
systems; erosion of
natural deposits
Cyanide (as
free cyanide)
Nerve damage or thyroid problems Discharge from
steel/metal factories;
discharge from plastic
and fertilizer factories
Fluoride Bone disease (pain and tenderness of
the bones); Children may get mottled
teeth
Water additive which
promotes strong
teeth; erosion of
natural deposits;
discharge from
fertilizer and
aluminum factories

12. Contaminan
t
Potential Health Effects from
Ingestion of Water
Sources of
Contaminant in
Drinking Water
Lead Infants and children: Delays in physical
or mental development; children could
show slight deficits in attention span
and learning abilities. Adults: Kidney
problems; high blood pressure
Corrosion of
household plumbing
systems; erosion of
natural deposits
Mercury
(inorganic)
Kidney damage Erosion of natural
deposits; discharge
from refineries and
factories; runoff from
landfills and
croplands
Nitrate
(measured as
Nitrogen)
Infants below the age of six months
who drink water containing nitrate in
excess of the MCL could become
seriously ill and, if untreated, may die.
Symptoms include shortness of breath
and blue-baby syndrome.
Runoff from fertilizer
use; leaching from
septic tanks, sewage;
erosion of natural
deposits
Nitrite Infants below the age of six months Runoff from fertilizer

13. Bangladesh Drinking water Quality standards
(ENVIRONMENT PROJECTION RULES 1997)
Published: 28th
August, 1997
Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh
Ministry of Environment
SL Parameter Unit Standard
1 Aluminum mg/L 0.2
2 Ammonia ,, 0.5
3 Arsenic ,, 0.05
4 Barium ,, 0.01
5 Benzene ,, 0.01
6 BOD5 20 ºC ,, 0.02
7 Boron ,, 1.0
8 Cadmium ,, 0.005
9 Calcium ,, 75
10 Chloride ,, 150-600

14. SL Parameter Unit Standard
11 Chlorinated alkencs carbon
tetrachloride
,, 0.01
1.1 Dichloroethylene ,, 0.001
1.2 Dichloroethylene ,, 0.03
Tetrachloroethylene ,, 0.03
Trichloroethlene “ 0.09
12 Chlorinated phenols
pentachlorophenol
,, 0.03
2.4.6 Trichloropheno ,, 0.03
13 Chlorine( residual) ,, 0.2
14 Chloroform ,, 0.09
15 Chromium (Hexavalent) ,, 0.05
16 Chromium ( Total) ,, 0.05
17 COD ,, 4

15. SL Parameter Unit Standard
18 Coliform (Fecal) n/100 ml 0
19 Coliform ( total)
* At sea beach 1000
n/100 ml 0
20 Colour Hazen Unit 15
21 Copper mg/L 1.0
22 Cyanide ,, 0.1
23 Detergent ,, 0.2
24 D.O ,, 6.0
25 Fluoride ,, 1.0
26 Hardness ( as CaCO3) ,, 200- 500

16. SL Parameter Unit Standard
27 Iron mg/L 0.3-1.0
28 Kjeldahl nitrogen ( Total) ,, 1.0
29 Lead ,, 0.05
30 Magnesium ,, 30-35
31 Manganese ,, 0.1
32 Mercury ,, 0.001
33 Nickel ,, 0.1
34 Nitrate ,, 10
35 Nitrite ,, <1.0
36 Odour ,, Odur less

17. SL Parameter Unit Standard
37 Oil and Grease ,, 0.01
38 pH ,, 6.5-8.5
39 Phenol compounds ,, 0.002
40 Phosphate ,, 6
41 Phosphorus ,, 0
42 Potassium ,, 12
43 Radio active substances
(Total- radiation)
Bq/l 0.01
44 Total B B-radiation 0.1

18. SL Parameter Unit Standard
45 Selenium mg/l 0.01
46 Silver ,, 0.02
47 Sodium ,, 200
48 S.S ,, 10
49 Sulfide ,, 0
50 Sulfate ,, 400
51 Total dissolved solids ,, 1000
52 Temprature ºC 20-30
53 Tin mg/1 2
54 Turbidity JTU/NTU 10
55 Zinc mg/1 5