The document discusses various sources and types of water pollution. It notes that 70% of available water sources in India are polluted, largely due to untreated domestic waste and sewage. The three primary sources of pollution are identified as point sources like industrial discharge, and non-point sources like agricultural runoff. Key water quality parameters that are affected by pollution include pH, dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, and increased nutrients, heavy metals, and bacteria. Common effects of water pollution include threats to human and ecological health.
"Earthsoft Foundation of Guidance (EFG) is working as an NGO/NPO for students - Education & Career
guidance and for Professionals for soft skills enhancements. We are working speading , sharing
knowledge; experience globally.It has uploaded important presentations at http://myefg.in/downloads.aspx.
Also visit www.slideshare.net and search using key word - earthsoft
Read http://tl.gd/jm1gh5 and view picture http://twitpic.com/cept60
http://www.slideshare.net/rrakhecha/efg-activities-of-one-year27-mar2013
Be mentor using your education, knowledge & experience to contribute for a social cause & do conduct
free training/ workshop seeking help of existing platforms
Kindly spread to your friends.Thank you!
- Earthsoft Foundation of Guidance
Let us make earth little softer..
"
Water pollution throughout the world is affecting food chains and food webs. Water such as lakes, rivers, streams, creeks, and oceans become polluted in many different ways. One main way is the dumping of trash, or littering. Many creeks, rivers, and even oceans have been polluted by manmade items such as trash (EPA, 2011). When fresh water such as rivers and creeks become polluted, it hurts the surrounding wildlife.
"Earthsoft Foundation of Guidance (EFG) is working as an NGO/NPO for students - Education & Career
guidance and for Professionals for soft skills enhancements. We are working speading , sharing
knowledge; experience globally.It has uploaded important presentations at http://myefg.in/downloads.aspx.
Also visit www.slideshare.net and search using key word - earthsoft
Read http://tl.gd/jm1gh5 and view picture http://twitpic.com/cept60
http://www.slideshare.net/rrakhecha/efg-activities-of-one-year27-mar2013
Be mentor using your education, knowledge & experience to contribute for a social cause & do conduct
free training/ workshop seeking help of existing platforms
Kindly spread to your friends.Thank you!
- Earthsoft Foundation of Guidance
Let us make earth little softer..
"
Water pollution throughout the world is affecting food chains and food webs. Water such as lakes, rivers, streams, creeks, and oceans become polluted in many different ways. One main way is the dumping of trash, or littering. Many creeks, rivers, and even oceans have been polluted by manmade items such as trash (EPA, 2011). When fresh water such as rivers and creeks become polluted, it hurts the surrounding wildlife.
This is a power-point presentation showing the causes, effect & preventive measures of water pollution.and the definition of it.This is for students who live in india and in 9th standard of cbse.This lesson that is natural resources in science has an activity to do a ppt on it
in this ppt you can get effects of water pollution and ways to reduce it .How water pollution effects our society in coming era. find good ways to reduce it
This presentation describes, how the water can be analyzed using the basic parameters like DO, COD, BOD, Alkalinity and so on. The physical, chemical, and biological parameters were discussed here.
Water Quality Monitoring Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Introducing Water Quality Monitoring Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides which will assist in developing, distributing, and managing the optimum use of water resources. By taking advantage of our readily available water testing PPT visuals, discuss the six main indicators of the water quality. This water resource management PPT slide deck can be used by the department of water for analyzing information about water quality and to underpin decisions about water resource management. You can provide an overview of water market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure by using our readily available water quality modeling PPT slideshow. Describe how you can monitor and assess the water quality in order to manage the water resources. You can also showcase the wastewater treatment according to various industry types by utilizing these water quality monitoring PowerPoint slides. Highlight the trends that can influence the water industry in the future. Also, showcase the factors that can affect the performance of the water technology market. Hence, download our ready-to-use assessing water quality PowerPoint presentation and ensure the optimum use of water resources. https://bit.ly/30tFhdE
Quality of water :
It includes all the physical, chemical and biological parameters along with test to be used for defining water quality and water schemes for city
Kerala state is having abundant water source and people are really proud of it and lavishly wastes water.But due to the uprising scarcity of good potable drinking water we should think about conserving water before polluting the sources.This presentation is a description about the water scenario in India briefly and describes about the major water pollution and the main regions that are being affected severely.
This presentation contains enormous information about all the root-causes of different sorts of water pollution, point of origin of various pollutants. It also provides account for remedial measures for mitigating the ill effects of water pollution and the legislation for controlling it.
Well this is my first presentation in the slide share. In this presentation i have mentioned about the concept of water quality and guidelines for it in with the perspective to human health and its management in Nepal.
Suggestion and feedbacks are really welcome.
This is a power-point presentation showing the causes, effect & preventive measures of water pollution.and the definition of it.This is for students who live in india and in 9th standard of cbse.This lesson that is natural resources in science has an activity to do a ppt on it
in this ppt you can get effects of water pollution and ways to reduce it .How water pollution effects our society in coming era. find good ways to reduce it
This presentation describes, how the water can be analyzed using the basic parameters like DO, COD, BOD, Alkalinity and so on. The physical, chemical, and biological parameters were discussed here.
Water Quality Monitoring Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Introducing Water Quality Monitoring Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides which will assist in developing, distributing, and managing the optimum use of water resources. By taking advantage of our readily available water testing PPT visuals, discuss the six main indicators of the water quality. This water resource management PPT slide deck can be used by the department of water for analyzing information about water quality and to underpin decisions about water resource management. You can provide an overview of water market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure by using our readily available water quality modeling PPT slideshow. Describe how you can monitor and assess the water quality in order to manage the water resources. You can also showcase the wastewater treatment according to various industry types by utilizing these water quality monitoring PowerPoint slides. Highlight the trends that can influence the water industry in the future. Also, showcase the factors that can affect the performance of the water technology market. Hence, download our ready-to-use assessing water quality PowerPoint presentation and ensure the optimum use of water resources. https://bit.ly/30tFhdE
Quality of water :
It includes all the physical, chemical and biological parameters along with test to be used for defining water quality and water schemes for city
Kerala state is having abundant water source and people are really proud of it and lavishly wastes water.But due to the uprising scarcity of good potable drinking water we should think about conserving water before polluting the sources.This presentation is a description about the water scenario in India briefly and describes about the major water pollution and the main regions that are being affected severely.
This presentation contains enormous information about all the root-causes of different sorts of water pollution, point of origin of various pollutants. It also provides account for remedial measures for mitigating the ill effects of water pollution and the legislation for controlling it.
Well this is my first presentation in the slide share. In this presentation i have mentioned about the concept of water quality and guidelines for it in with the perspective to human health and its management in Nepal.
Suggestion and feedbacks are really welcome.
Air pollution: its causes,effects and pollutantsMaliha Eesha
This presentation gives the complete detail of air, air pollution, air pollutants and their types, each pollutant in detail and its causes and effects, acid rain, methods of prevention,smog,acidification,indoor pollution and so on. It is a complete package and I hope it'll be helpful in school! :)
This presentation contains:
1. types of water pollutants
2. sources of water pollutants
3. effects of water pollution
4. control measures of water pollution.
A large amount of water is discharged back after domestic and industrial usage.
Contamination upon reaching beyond certain allowed concentrations is termed pollution and the contaminants are called the pollutants.
If the concentration of substances naturally present in water increases then also the water is said to be polluted.
Water pollution may be defined as the contamination of streams, lakes, seas, underground water, or oceans by substances, which are harmful to living beings.
Chemicals in and around us meet their climax by polluting the environment. The fifteen slides here telecast the pathetic state of water bodies which are revered to be holy getting transformed into drainage because of being saturated with chemicals.
Water pollution presentation for nerds like you who do not leave their room for hours.
You deserve divine punishment, ediot
We should eat more chicken. And more potato based snacks.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
1. Water Pollution
• The primary natural sources and basic
need of living things is water
• It is existed in mainly
• Marine 97%
• Fresh water 03%
2. Supply of water
• Agriculture 69%
Industry 23%
Domestic 08%
About 1.3billion people were unable to access
water worldwide.
• Total volume of water in India 1850Km3
, which 4 % fresh water resources of world
3. • 70% all available sources of waters of India are
polluted
80% domestic waste water is causing
pollution.
In India 70 million people live by the sewerage
system.
The water is contaminated by human
activities.
4. Important words
• Aquifers - natural rock formations, which
contain ground water.
• Eutrophication - The process of slowly filling
in a water body with sediments and organic
matter and lowering of oxygen.
• Point source - occurs when harmful
substances are emitted directly into a body
of water. i.g. One way in which this occurs, is
when someone throws a coke can into a body
of water.
5. • Non point source - delivers pollutants
indirectly through environmental changes.
One way in, which this occurs, is through run-
off.
• Pathogens - or disease producing organism.
• Pollution - to make foul or unclean; dirty.
• Sediments - minerals or organic matter
deposited by water, air, or ice...matter which
settles to the bottom .
6. The sources of pollution categorized into
• Point sources: e.g. A pipe spewing toxic
chemicals directly discharge into a river at a
particular point.
7.
8.
9. Point Source - Example
• LUST - Leaky Underground Storage Tanks
• 22% of the 1.2 million UST are LUSTy
• Look at water pollution from gasoline...
11. • Non-point sources: The waste water carried
into a stream by surface runoff(without any
pipe) e.g. Fertilizer mixing water from
agriculture field.
20. • Oil pollution of waterways can have devastating
effects on aquatic vegetation and animal life.
• Oil contains toluene and benzene which are
toxic, but these compounds evaporate quickly
and do not do most of the damage.
• It is other compounds in crude oil - polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons - that are the source of
most of the environmental problems.
•
21. • These compounds persist in the environment
much longer (do not evaporate) and coat
shorelines and estuaries severely impacting
ecosystems by blocking light and gas exchange.
• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons also negatively
effect sea mammals and sea birds and can kill
them.
• Interestingly, while big oil spills make the
headlines, most oil pollution comes from runoff -
used engine oil, industrial and commercial waste,
etc.
23. Garbage in polluted stream. Trinidad
Facts: Increasing economic an social development in Trinidad contributes to the degradation of the islands'
environment. Water pollution from agricultural, domestic, industrial and municipal sources is a particularly
significant problem. Residential areas produce raw sewage and household wastes.
24. Polluted river running through a slum in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Facts: Water pollution may pose significant health threats such as diseases like typhoid, cholera and dysentery.
Aquatic life in the river may also be affected by pollution, and some polluted rivers (like the one in the photo in
Malaysia) are still fished.
25. Tilings settling pond with Sycrude processing plant in background. Photographed in
Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada.
26. • Syncrude utilizes the Clark hot water process
which uses hot water to separate the bitumen
from the sand after it is mined from the surface.
• The leftover water is dumped in the tailings
ponds, which contain a mixture of
clay, sand, water and hydrocarbons.
• Tailings ponds can be dangerous as the wastes
are sometimes toxic and/or corrosive and
detrimental to the environment.
27. Pollution - Sewage & Trash
Location: Tijuana River Estuary San Diego California
Winter storms flush huge quantities of raw sewage and floating trash from Tijuana Mexico down the Tijuana
River to be deposited in the river estuary and ultimately in the ocean.
28. Pollution - Sign Warning of Sewage Spill
Location: Imperial Beach San Diego California
On the beach next to Imperial Pier a family watches as a surfer who choose to ignore the
warnings exits the water.
31. •
Location: Salton Sea Imp. County California
The Salton Sea has been in decline for years.
• Large scale fish die offs have become annual summer events since the late
nineties.
• The major causes are believed to be the ever increasing salinity pollution
from Mexico via the New River and agricultural runoff from the
surrounding farmland on the southern end of the Sea.
• The pollutants include huge quantities of raw sewage industrial waste
farm fertilizers and pesticides.
39. • Def: Water pollution may be defined as the addition of
any substance to water, which may change the physical
and chemical characters in any way, which may
interfere with use for legitimate purposes.
• Pollutants .Dissolved solids, minerals, dust, fibers etc.
• Dissolved gases
• Suspended matter
• Microbes
40. The effect of Pollutants on river water quality
depends on
-The type of pollutant
-concentration of pollutant in the water
-the length of exposure to the community
Effect of water pollution
-Depletion of dissolved oxygen in surface water
bodies affecting the fish and other water bodies
41. -The toxic substance render the water unfit for
the down stream use.
-the pathogens from the domestic sewage
contaminate the water and causes the
transmission of water borne diseases
-The increased temperature due to discharge of
effluent from thermal power stations cause
direct responses.
i. Heat stress or death sensitive species
ii. Enhanced microorganisms respiration.
42. Effects
• When toxic substances enter lakes, streams,
rivers, oceans, and other water bodies, they
get dissolved or lie suspended in water or get
deposited on the bed.
• This results in the pollution of water whereby
the quality of the water deteriorates, affecting
aquatic ecosystems.
• Pollutants can also seep down and affect the
groundwater deposits.
43. Sources
• Water pollution has many sources.
• The most polluting of them are the city
sewage and
• Industrial waste discharged into the rivers.
The facilities to treat waste water are not
adequate in any city in India.
44. • Domestic sewage refers to waste water that is
discarded from households. Also referred to as
sanitary sewage, such water contains a wide
variety of dissolved and suspended impurities.
• Wastewater from Domestic and
Canteens, Hotels and Restaurants. ex. Bio-
waste
45. Industrial effluents
During the last fifty years, the number of
industries in India has grown rapidly.
Waste water from manufacturing or chemical
processes in industries contributes to water
pollution.
Industrial waste water usually contains specific
and readily identifiable chemical compounds.
46. • Effluents from Industries: e.g.
textiles, chemicals, dyeing, paper and
pulp, pharmaceuticals, tanneries, dairy forms, nuclear power
plants, thermal power plants, meat
packing, sugar, refineries, mining, petroleum drilling wells and
drainages
-Pathogens: Bacteria, Warms
• Ecological Pollution: e.g. large animal deer drowns in a flood
large amount of organic material added to the water. Land slide
Farming: e.g. fertilizers increase the amount of nitrates and
phosphates
47. • Pollen grains from water plants
Flooding during rainy season
-Disposal of human and animal waste
-Agriculture Waste
-Untreated Sewage
48. • Most of these defaulting industries are sugar
mills, distilleries, leather processing
industries, and thermal power stations.
• Most of the major industries have treatment
facilities for industrial effluents.
• Presently, only about 10% of the waste water
generated is treated; the rest is discharged as it is
into our water bodies. Due to this, pollutants
enter groundwater, rivers, and other water
bodies.
49. • Agricultural run-off, or the water from the
fields that drains into rivers, is another major
water pollutant as it contains fertilizers and
pesticides.
50.
51. Path ways of water Pollution
• Three last forms of water pollution exist in the forms of
petroleum, radioactive substances, and heat.
• Petroleum often pollutes water bodies in the form of oil, resulting from oil
spills.
• The previously mentioned Exxon Valdez is an example of this type of water
pollution.
• These large-scale accidental discharges of petroleum are an important
cause of pollution along shore lines. Besides the supertankers, off-shore
drilling operations contribute a large share of pollution.
• One estimate is that one ton of oil is spilled for every million tons of oil
transported. This is equal to about 0.0001 percent.
52. • Radioactive substances are produced in the form of
waste from nuclear power plants, and from the
industrial, medical, and scientific use of radioactive
materials.
• Specific forms of waste are uranium and thorium
mining and refining. The last form of water pollution is
heat.
• Heat is a pollutant because increased temperatures
result in the deaths of many aquatic organisms.
• These decreases in temperatures are caused when a
discharge of cooling water by factories and power
plants occurs.
57. Water quality Parameters
• Colour, pH,
Odour,
• Temperature
TSS,
TDS,
DO,
BOD,
COD
SO2, S,
Cl, F,Br, I,
P, N,
NO3, N, Tra
ces of metals
58. • Definition of pH
• pH can be viewed as an abbreviation for power of
hydrogen or more completely, power of the concentration
of hydrogen ion.
• The mathematical definition of pH is a bit less intuitive, but
with a calculator in hand, more useful. It says that the pH is
equal to the negative log of the hydrogen ion
concentration, or pH = -log [H+].
• Range for pH 1-14
• Acidic: 1-6.5
• Neutral: 7
• Alkali: 7.5 -14
59. • Dissolved oxygen
• Dissolved oxygen (Science: biochemistry) The
concentration of oxygen dissolved in
water, expressed in mg/l or as percent
saturation, where saturation is the maximum
amount of oxygen that can theoretically be
dissolved in water at a given altitude and
temperature.
60. • Total suspended solids is a water quality
measurement usually abbreviated TSS.
• This parameter was at one time called non-
filterable residue (NFR).
• Definitions, "filterable" means just the
opposite: the material passed by a filter,
usually called "Total dissolved solids" or TDS.
• Thus in chemistry the non-filterable solids are
the retained material called the residue.
61. • Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD): laboratory
measurement of the amount of oxygen used in
chemical reactions that occur in water as a result
of the addition of wastes.
• A measure of the oxygen required to oxidize all
compounds, both organic and inorganic, in water.
• A measure of the oxygen-consuming capacity of
inorganic and organic matter present in water or
wastewater. the amount of oxygen consumed
from a chemical oxidant in a specific test
62. • Biochemical Oxygen Demand - the rate at
which microorganisms use the oxygen in
water or wastewater while stabilizing
decomposable organic matter under aerobic
conditions.
• In decomposition, organic matter serves as
food for the bacteria and energy results from
this oxidation.
• www.alken-murray.com/glossarybug.html
63. Characterization of waste waters
• Physical Characters: Colour, odour,
• Dissolved Oxygen
• Insoluble substances
• Corrosive properties
• Radio activity
• Temperature range
• Foamability
64. Chemical characters
• pH
• Chemical oxygen demand(COD)
• Acidity
• Alkalinity
• Hardness
• Total carbon
• Total Dissolved solids
• Chlorine demand
• Known organic and inorganic components
• E.g.Cr,S2,SO42-,N,Pb,Cd,Hg,As, are inorganic
• phenols, hydrocarbon, oils and greases are
organic
65. Chemical characters
• Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
• Pathogenic bacteria,
• Toxicity to man
• Aquatic organisms
• Plants and other forms
66. Waste water treatment
• Physical methods
• Removing floating or suspended solids or
liquid pollutants based on their density
difference from water.
• Reverser osmosis
• Filtration
• Form separation
• Porous bed filtration, adsorption
• Crystalization
67. Chemical methods
• Industrial effluents contains
• Acids
• Alkalis
• Undesirable chlorides
• Phenols
• Sulphates
• Chromates
• Phosphates
• Salts of mercury, lead, calcium, barium, zinc
• Acid and base neutralization before they
discharge into water bodies
68. • Biological treatment method
• Colloidal or dissolved solids are converted into
settleable solids by microorganisms under
favourable conditions.
• Anaerobic treatment takes place in the total
absence of oxygen and is a slow process.
• Aerobic biological treatment methods include
the activated sludge process, trickling filter
process and stabilization pond
71. • Raw sewage includes waste from
• Sinks, toilets, and industrial processes.
• Treatment of the sewage is required before it
can be safely buried, used, or released back
into local water systems.
• In a treatment plant, the waste is passed
through a series of screens, chambers, and
chemical processes to reduce its bulk and
toxicity.
72. • The three general phases of treatment are
primary, secondary, and tertiary. During primary
treatment, a large percentage of the suspended solids
and inorganic material is removed from the sewage.
• The focus of secondary treatment is reducing organic
material by accelerating natural biological processes.
• Tertiary treatment is necessary when the water will be
reused;
• 99 percent of solids are removed and various chemical
processes are used to ensure the water is as free from
impurity as possible.
73. Case study. e.g.Texas
• The causes of surface water pollution.
Collected water from 190 segments impacted high
bacteria levels,
103 segments low dissolved oxygen18 segments high
metal contents
19 segments organics (dioxins)
12 segments dissolved solids
8 segments chlorides
7 segments metals
They found in fish and shellfish
74. Pie diagram showing contaminants in
water
DO pH
Met als
5%2%
5%
Pat hogens
pest icides
11% Chlorides
pest icides
Pat hogens Met als
Chlorides
16% 61% DO
pH
75. There is no pipe line to surface water run off into rivers.
EPA estimated non point sources
• Pollution at Texas
Rivers 65%
Lakes 76%
Estuaries 45%
Texas Commission of Environment Quality
identified 220 out of 238 water bodies or 92%
damaged.
• State Funded Project has taken up Clean River
project
76. Wastewater Treatment Process
Contaminant Treatment system Treatment
process plants/Unit
Pathogenic Chlorination, Chlorinator,
organisms ozonation ozonator
Turbidity and Screening, Screeners/clarifiers,
suspended solids sedimentation, filters
Filtration
Coagulation/floccul Clariflocculator and
ation/ filter
Sedimentation/
filtration
Color Adsorption, Ion- Adsorption towers
exchange,
coagulation and
flocculation/ Clariflocculator and
sedimentation/ filter
filtration
78. Dissolved gases Aeration, Vacuum Aerator
deaeration Degassifier
Chlorinator
Heavy metals Chemical precipitation, Clariflocculator
ion-exchange Ion-exchange column
Iron and manganese Ion exchange, Oxidation Ion exchange
precipitation/ filtration Aerator/settler/filter
Dissolved solids Reverse osmosis, Reverse osmosis Plant
Distillation Evaporator
79. Residents of the Love Canal area in Niagara Falls were forced to evacuate when
hazardous wastes leaking from a former disposal site threatened their health and
homes in the late 1970s.
One of the most notorious cases of toxic waste leakage, the crisis received attention
on both local and national levels. Investigation spurred by public outrage revealed that
many waste disposal sites like Love Canal existed nationwide.
New York alone had several hundred.
Several states have since passed stricter regulations on industrial waste disposal and
allocated billions of dollars for the cleanup of contaminated areas.
80. • Industrial Pollution
• In the United States industry is the greatest source of pollution,
accounting for more than half the volume of all water pollution and for
the most deadly pollutants.
• Some 370,000 manufacturing facilities use huge quantities of freshwater
to carry away wastes of many kinds.
• The waste-bearing water, or effluent, is discharged into streams, lakes, or
oceans, which in turn disperse the polluting substances.
• In its National Water Quality Inventory, reported to Congress in 1996,
• the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency concluded that approximately
40% of the nation's surveyed lakes, rivers, and estuaries were too polluted
for such basic uses as drinking supply, fishing, and swimming.
• The pollutants include grit, asbestos, phosphates and nitrates, mercury,
lead, caustic soda and other sodium compounds, sulfur and sulfuric acid,
oils, and petrochemicals.
81. • In addition, numerous manufacturing plants pour
off undiluted corrosives, poisons, and other
noxious byproducts.
• The construction industry discharges slurries of
gypsum, cement, abrasives, metals, and
poisonous solvents.
• Another pervasive group of contaminants
entering food chains is the polychlorinated
biphenyl (PCB) compounds, components of
lubricants, plastic wrappers, and adhesives.
82. • In yet another instance of pollution, hot water
discharged by factories and power plants
causes so-called thermal pollution by
increasing water temperatures.
• Such increases change the level of oxygen
dissolved in a body of water, thereby
disrupting the water's ecological
balance, killing off some plant and animal
species while encouraging the overgrowth of
others.
84. • Laws include the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act (1972),
• The Marine Protection, Research, and
Sanctuaries Act (1972),
• The Safe Drinking Water Act (1974), and the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act, as amended in 1988.
86. • Limitation of ocean dumping was proposed at
the 80-nation London Conference of
1972, and in the same year 12 European
nations meeting in Oslo adopted rules to
regulate dumping in the North Atlantic.
87. Effects of water pollution on living things
• Water-borne diseases affect around 3.4
million people globally.
• In India around 5, 63, 000 people are affected
annually.
• One fourth of children affected according to
Ministry of Health and Family Planning Report
Government Of India
88. • The depletion of dissolved oxygen in surface
water bodies thus affecting the fish and other
aquatic life
• The toxic substances render the water unfit for
down stream use.
• The pathogens from the domestic sewage
contaminate the water and cause the
transmission of water borne diseases.
• Thermal power stations discharge heated effluent
in to the water bodies, which increase
temperature in the water bodies and causes heat
stress or death of sensitive species.
89. • In the mid 1950s the people of
Minamata, Japan, on the coast of the Shiranui
Sea, began to notice something wrong with
the cats in their town.
• The cats appeared to be going insane, and
were falling into the sea.
• The people thought the cats were committing
suicide.
•
90. • Soon the people in the town were also
contracting a strange illness.
• Individuals began to have numbness in their
limbs and lips. Some had difficulty hearing or
seeing.
• Others developed shaking (tremors) in their arms
and legs, difficulty walking, even brain damage.
• Others seemed to be going crazy, shouting
uncontrollably.
91. • Unknown syndrome called Minamata disease
In 1956, researchers worked to find the source of
the illness, which they termed Minamata disease.
• Something was affecting the nervous systems of
the people.
• One thing people in this fishing town had in
common was that they all ate fish, so scientists
suspected that the fish in Minamata Bay were
being poisoned.
92. • Chisso Corporation source of environmental pollution
A large petrochemical plant in Minamata run by Chisso Corporation
was immediately suspect.
• Chisso denied the allegations and continued its manufacturing with
no changes to the method of production.
• Finally, in July 1959 researchers from Kumamoto University found
that organic mercury was the cause of Minamata disease.
• Chisso continued to refuse the information and any link of its
mercury waste to the illness.
• It was later discovered that Chisso Corporation had dumped an
estimated 27 tons of mercury compounds into Minamata Bay.
93. • People severely affected
As the mercury dumping continued, babies were
born to poisoned mothers.
• The children were born with severe deformities,
including gnarled limbs, mental retardation,
deafness, and blindness.
• A photographer, W. Eugene Smith, traveled to
Minamata in the 1970s, and his series of
photographs of the suffering of the people there
were published and seen around the world.
94. • A poisoning epidemic
Chisso finally quit poisoning the waters in Minamata in
1968.
• According to Japanese government figures, 2,955
people contracted Minamata disease, and 1,784
people have since died.
• Researchers believe, however, that the criteria the
government uses to diagnose Minamata disease is too
strict, and that anyone who showed any impairment in
his/her senses should be certified as a victim.
• A group of these yet-to-be-recognized victims plans to
file a compensation suit against the government.
95. • In April 2001 the Osaka High Court
determined that the government's Health and
Welfare Ministry should have begun taking
regulatory action to stop the poisoning
96. • at the end of 1959, after it concluded that
Minamata disease was caused by mercury
poisoning.
• The court also ordered Chisso to pay $2.18
million in damages to the plaintiffs.
97. • On October 16, 2004, the Supreme Court of
Japan ordered the government to pay 71.5
million yen ($703,000) in damages to the
Minamata disease victims.
• The Environment Minister bowed in apology
to the plaintiffs.
98. • After 22 years, the plaintiffs achieved their
goal of making those responsible for Japan's
worst case of industrial pollution pay for their
negligence.
• No amount of money, though, can ever make
up for the lives needlessly lost to Minamata
disease.
• http://rarediseases.about.com/od/raredisease
s1/a/102304.htm
99. • Conclusions: The water pollution creates
various health problems and damaging public
property. The people should strictly follow
regulations. Then we can achieve zero
pollution.