The document discusses water and wastewater treatment processes. It defines primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment stages. Primary treatment removes 60% of solids and 35% of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) through screens, grit removal, and settling. Secondary treatment removes 90% of BOD and solids using activated sludge or oxidation ponds. Tertiary treatment removes nutrients and dissolved solids. The activated sludge process uses microorganisms to break down organic matter and is modeled using mass balances.
Deals with UASB reactors for the primary treatment of sewage, stabilization of sludge and removal of BOD. Various components of a UASB reactor are described and design details are included. Modifications to UASB such as UASB ponds, Anaerobic baffle reactors, migrating blanket reactors are also described here.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Chemistry is all about environment. Waste Water Treatment is related to Environmental Chemistry. This Presentation show a view of waste water composition and its treatment facilities available.
Deals with what is activated sludge, mechanisms and kinetics of treatment, design of activated sludge process, secondary clarifiers and their design and bulking sludge, raising sludge and foaming of ASP.
Deals with UASB reactors for the primary treatment of sewage, stabilization of sludge and removal of BOD. Various components of a UASB reactor are described and design details are included. Modifications to UASB such as UASB ponds, Anaerobic baffle reactors, migrating blanket reactors are also described here.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Chemistry is all about environment. Waste Water Treatment is related to Environmental Chemistry. This Presentation show a view of waste water composition and its treatment facilities available.
Deals with what is activated sludge, mechanisms and kinetics of treatment, design of activated sludge process, secondary clarifiers and their design and bulking sludge, raising sludge and foaming of ASP.
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) technology, normally referred to as UASB reactor, is a form of anaerobic digester that is used in the treatment of wastewater.
The UASB reactor is a methanogenic (methane-producing) digester that evolved from the anaerobic clarigester. A similar but variant technology to UASB is the expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) digester. A diagramatic comparison of different anaerobic digesters can be found here.
UASB uses an anaerobic process whilst forming a blanket of granular sludge which suspends in the tank. Wastewater flows upwards through the blanket and is processed (degraded) by the anaerobic microorganisms. The upward flow combined with the settling action of gravity suspends the blanket with the aid of flocculants. The blanket begins to reach maturity at around 3 months. Small sludge granules begin to form whose surface area is covered in aggregations of bacteria. In the absence of any support matrix, the flow conditions creates a selective environment in which only those microorganisms, capable of attaching to each other, survive and proliferate. Eventually the aggregates form into dense compact biofilms referred to as "granules".A picture of anaerobic sludge granules can be found here.
Biogas with a high concentration of methane is produced as a by-product, and this may be captured and used as an energy source, to generate electricity for export and to cover its own running power. The technology needs constant monitoring when put into use to ensure that the sludge blanket is maintained, and not washed out (thereby losing the effect). The heat produced as a by-product of electricity generation can be reused to heat the digestion tanks.
The blanketing of the sludge enables a dual solid and hydraulic (liquid) retention time in the digesters. Solids requiring a high degree of digestion can remain in the reactors for periods up to 90 days. Sugars dissolved in the liquid waste stream can be converted into gas quickly in the liquid phase which can exit the system in less than a day.
The study of the source of disposal is important because the amount of treatment required to be given to sewage depends very much upon the source of disposal, its quality, and capacity to tolerate the impurities present in the sewage effluents, without itself getting potentially polluted or becoming less useful.
This presentation includes the basic introduction to sewage/ wastewater, quantity estimation, the basic terms commonly used in the sewerage system, Types of sewer, sewage, and sewerage system.
With rising crude prices and depleting quality of crude, however, the level of wastewater pollutants in petroleum wastewater is at new high. Such conditions are forcing refineries to use a more advanced water treatment, water recovery methods, and robust processes that work well under a variety of conditions and can handle the changing refinery effluent flow rates. Finally a process that is economical in overall life time cost is needed to make all of this feasible. Aquatech has experience working with these refinery effluent pollutants in the refinery market and offers the advanced petroleum wastewater treatment and recovery technology necessary for the refinery’s needs.
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) technology, normally referred to as UASB reactor, is a form of anaerobic digester that is used in the treatment of wastewater.
The UASB reactor is a methanogenic (methane-producing) digester that evolved from the anaerobic clarigester. A similar but variant technology to UASB is the expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) digester. A diagramatic comparison of different anaerobic digesters can be found here.
UASB uses an anaerobic process whilst forming a blanket of granular sludge which suspends in the tank. Wastewater flows upwards through the blanket and is processed (degraded) by the anaerobic microorganisms. The upward flow combined with the settling action of gravity suspends the blanket with the aid of flocculants. The blanket begins to reach maturity at around 3 months. Small sludge granules begin to form whose surface area is covered in aggregations of bacteria. In the absence of any support matrix, the flow conditions creates a selective environment in which only those microorganisms, capable of attaching to each other, survive and proliferate. Eventually the aggregates form into dense compact biofilms referred to as "granules".A picture of anaerobic sludge granules can be found here.
Biogas with a high concentration of methane is produced as a by-product, and this may be captured and used as an energy source, to generate electricity for export and to cover its own running power. The technology needs constant monitoring when put into use to ensure that the sludge blanket is maintained, and not washed out (thereby losing the effect). The heat produced as a by-product of electricity generation can be reused to heat the digestion tanks.
The blanketing of the sludge enables a dual solid and hydraulic (liquid) retention time in the digesters. Solids requiring a high degree of digestion can remain in the reactors for periods up to 90 days. Sugars dissolved in the liquid waste stream can be converted into gas quickly in the liquid phase which can exit the system in less than a day.
The study of the source of disposal is important because the amount of treatment required to be given to sewage depends very much upon the source of disposal, its quality, and capacity to tolerate the impurities present in the sewage effluents, without itself getting potentially polluted or becoming less useful.
This presentation includes the basic introduction to sewage/ wastewater, quantity estimation, the basic terms commonly used in the sewerage system, Types of sewer, sewage, and sewerage system.
With rising crude prices and depleting quality of crude, however, the level of wastewater pollutants in petroleum wastewater is at new high. Such conditions are forcing refineries to use a more advanced water treatment, water recovery methods, and robust processes that work well under a variety of conditions and can handle the changing refinery effluent flow rates. Finally a process that is economical in overall life time cost is needed to make all of this feasible. Aquatech has experience working with these refinery effluent pollutants in the refinery market and offers the advanced petroleum wastewater treatment and recovery technology necessary for the refinery’s needs.
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Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water; and, in almost all cases the effect is damaging either to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities.
Environmental Modeling Dissolved Oxygen Sag Curves in Stre.docxSALU18
Environmental Modeling
Dissolved Oxygen Sag Curves in Streams
Quote
“[Mathematics] The handmaiden of the Sciences”
-Eric Temple Bell
Concepts
• Introduction
• Input sources
• Mathematical Model
• Sensitivity analysis
• Limitations
Case Study: Any Stream, Anywhere
• Every stream has inputs of
organic waste
– Spreads disease
– Consumes DO on
decomposition
• Ancient communities built
near flowing water
e.g. NY City, London,
W. Europe
Chemical process:
MO’s consume DO
Physical process:
Re-aeration by
atmosphere
Case Study: Any Stream, Anywhere
The Problem is D.O. < BOD
Sewage treatment begins
Meadows et al., 2004
Introduction
• Modeling the effects of release of oxidizable organic matter into a
flowing body of water
– DO is the chemical measurement of dissolved oxygen (mg L-1)
– BOD is the total DO needed to oxidize organic matter in a water
sample = change from initial DO at saturation to amount after 5
days
• Standard of living ~ adequate water and wastewater treatment
Human Risks
• Challenge of preventing rapid spead of disease
e.g. typhoid fever (bacteria), hepatitis (viruses), cryptosporidosis (protozoa)
• Removed by sand filtration and chlorination/ozonation
Aquatic Risks
• Aerobic organisms depend on DO
• 8-12 mg L-1
• Affected by temperature and salt
Wipple and Wipple (1911)
The Streeter-Phelps Equation
without trmt:
with trmt:
Organic matter is oxidized, stream re-aerates
End
• Review
Basic Input Sources
• Parameters for S-P equation:
– Wastewater: Flow rate, temperature, DO, BOD
• BOD measured in lab – DO measured after several days (flat portion
of curve)
Basic Input Sources
Sewage Treatment Plants
• Remove turbidity, oxidizable organic matter, and pathogens
– Turbidity – settling tanks and filters
– Organic matter – trickling filters, activated sludge
– Pathogens – filtration, chloination, ozonation
ftp://ftp.wiley.com/public/sci_tech_med/pollutant_fate/
Basic Input Sources
Sewage Treatment Plants
• Prelininary - screening of large materials
• Primary - sedimentation - settling tanks
• Secondary - biological aeration – trickling
filters, activated sludge - metabolizes and
flocculates dissolved organics
• Tertiary – e.g. P removal
http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Tw-Z/Wastewater-Treatment-and-Management.html
http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Tw-Z/Wastewater-Treatment-and-Management.html
http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Tw-Z/Wastewater-Treatment-and-Management.html
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http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Tw-Z/Wastewater-Treatment-and-Management.html
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http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Tw-Z/Wastewater-Treatment-and-Management.html
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...
03 - Computation of organic waste loads on stream, Streater Phelps equation.pptxPRACHI DESSAI
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans.
15. ACTIVATED SLUDGE NOMENCLATURE Q, S o , X o Q+Q R , S, X Q-Q s , S Q s +Q R , X s Q s , X s Q R , X s S stands for conc. of substrate (organic matter, waste, etc.) or BOD X stands for conc. of microorganisms
![WATER & WASTEWATER TREATMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/waterwastewatertreatment-1307226456-phpapp02-110604172856-phpapp02/85/Waste-Water-Treatment-1-320.jpg)
![REVIEW ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)