Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) technology, normally referred to as UASB reactor, is a form of anaerobic digester that is used in the treatment of wastewater.
The UASB reactor is a methanogenic (methane-producing) digester that evolved from the anaerobic clarigester. A similar but variant technology to UASB is the expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) digester. A diagramatic comparison of different anaerobic digesters can be found here.
UASB uses an anaerobic process whilst forming a blanket of granular sludge which suspends in the tank. Wastewater flows upwards through the blanket and is processed (degraded) by the anaerobic microorganisms. The upward flow combined with the settling action of gravity suspends the blanket with the aid of flocculants. The blanket begins to reach maturity at around 3 months. Small sludge granules begin to form whose surface area is covered in aggregations of bacteria. In the absence of any support matrix, the flow conditions creates a selective environment in which only those microorganisms, capable of attaching to each other, survive and proliferate. Eventually the aggregates form into dense compact biofilms referred to as "granules".A picture of anaerobic sludge granules can be found here.
Biogas with a high concentration of methane is produced as a by-product, and this may be captured and used as an energy source, to generate electricity for export and to cover its own running power. The technology needs constant monitoring when put into use to ensure that the sludge blanket is maintained, and not washed out (thereby losing the effect). The heat produced as a by-product of electricity generation can be reused to heat the digestion tanks.
The blanketing of the sludge enables a dual solid and hydraulic (liquid) retention time in the digesters. Solids requiring a high degree of digestion can remain in the reactors for periods up to 90 days. Sugars dissolved in the liquid waste stream can be converted into gas quickly in the liquid phase which can exit the system in less than a day.
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) technology, normally referred to as UASB reactor, is a form of anaerobic digester that is used in the treatment of wastewater.
The UASB reactor is a methanogenic (methane-producing) digester that evolved from the anaerobic clarigester. A similar but variant technology to UASB is the expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) digester. A diagramatic comparison of different anaerobic digesters can be found here.
UASB uses an anaerobic process whilst forming a blanket of granular sludge which suspends in the tank. Wastewater flows upwards through the blanket and is processed (degraded) by the anaerobic microorganisms. The upward flow combined with the settling action of gravity suspends the blanket with the aid of flocculants. The blanket begins to reach maturity at around 3 months. Small sludge granules begin to form whose surface area is covered in aggregations of bacteria. In the absence of any support matrix, the flow conditions creates a selective environment in which only those microorganisms, capable of attaching to each other, survive and proliferate. Eventually the aggregates form into dense compact biofilms referred to as "granules".A picture of anaerobic sludge granules can be found here.
Biogas with a high concentration of methane is produced as a by-product, and this may be captured and used as an energy source, to generate electricity for export and to cover its own running power. The technology needs constant monitoring when put into use to ensure that the sludge blanket is maintained, and not washed out (thereby losing the effect). The heat produced as a by-product of electricity generation can be reused to heat the digestion tanks.
The blanketing of the sludge enables a dual solid and hydraulic (liquid) retention time in the digesters. Solids requiring a high degree of digestion can remain in the reactors for periods up to 90 days. Sugars dissolved in the liquid waste stream can be converted into gas quickly in the liquid phase which can exit the system in less than a day.
Waste to Watts: Anaerobic Digestion of Livestock Manure (Sood)Iwl Pcu
By: Dave Sood, Consultant, The presentation will cover key aspects of anaerobic digestion:
-Methane Production from Manure
-AD and Its Benefits
-AD Process
-Operating Conditions for AD
-Manure Characteristics and Digester Types
-AD and Water Quality
-Manure Characteristics and Digester Types
-Economic Analysis
-AD in Europe
-Why Digesters Fail?
-Cold Climate Digesters
-Key to Successful Digesters in Cold Climates
-A success story & Carbon Credits: Haubenschild Dairy, Minnesota, USA
Leachate generation from tsdf and its treatment optionsAyushi Chaturvedi
Introduction to Hazardous waste landfill and Leachate
Supportive Data and figures
Real Episode due to Leachate Contamination
Leachate Generation Factors
TSDF - Introduction
TSDF – Case Study
Literature Review
List of Applicable leachate treatment Technologies
The CAWT's Dr. Gordon Balch's presentation to the Ontario Association of Sewage Industry Services (OASIS) from October 2014.
Treatment Options for Wastewaters Collected from On-Site Systems
Landfill leachate varies widely in composition, it usually contains both dissolved and suspended material. The generation of leachate is caused principally by precipitation percolating through waste deposited in a landfill. As leachate first emerges, it can be black in colour, anoxic, and possibly effervescent, with dissolved and entrained gases.
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Anaerobic-aerobic treatment of municipal sewage using high Performance Levapor Carriers. It offers remarkable smaller foot print, bio gas production and lower sludge production compared to aerobic treatment reducing unit treatment cost.
Waste to Watts: Anaerobic Digestion of Livestock Manure (Sood)Iwl Pcu
By: Dave Sood, Consultant, The presentation will cover key aspects of anaerobic digestion:
-Methane Production from Manure
-AD and Its Benefits
-AD Process
-Operating Conditions for AD
-Manure Characteristics and Digester Types
-AD and Water Quality
-Manure Characteristics and Digester Types
-Economic Analysis
-AD in Europe
-Why Digesters Fail?
-Cold Climate Digesters
-Key to Successful Digesters in Cold Climates
-A success story & Carbon Credits: Haubenschild Dairy, Minnesota, USA
Leachate generation from tsdf and its treatment optionsAyushi Chaturvedi
Introduction to Hazardous waste landfill and Leachate
Supportive Data and figures
Real Episode due to Leachate Contamination
Leachate Generation Factors
TSDF - Introduction
TSDF – Case Study
Literature Review
List of Applicable leachate treatment Technologies
The CAWT's Dr. Gordon Balch's presentation to the Ontario Association of Sewage Industry Services (OASIS) from October 2014.
Treatment Options for Wastewaters Collected from On-Site Systems
Landfill leachate varies widely in composition, it usually contains both dissolved and suspended material. The generation of leachate is caused principally by precipitation percolating through waste deposited in a landfill. As leachate first emerges, it can be black in colour, anoxic, and possibly effervescent, with dissolved and entrained gases.
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Anaerobic-aerobic treatment of municipal sewage using high Performance Levapor Carriers. It offers remarkable smaller foot print, bio gas production and lower sludge production compared to aerobic treatment reducing unit treatment cost.
درس استاتیک یکی از دروس پایه ای رشته مکانیک و سایر رشته های مرتبط هست. پایه و اساس این درس قوانین نیوتن است که به ما کمک می کند مسائل را با استفاده از ابزارهایی که در این درس آشنا خواهیم شد، تحلیل کنیم. اجسام مورد بررسی در استاتیک صلب و بدون حرکت در نظر گرفته می شود. از مهمترین مباحث این درس، بحث تعادل می باشد که ما در صل اول مورد بررسی قرار خواهیم داد که قوی ترین ابزار ما برای تحلیل سازه ها می باشد.
سرفصل هایی که در این آموزش به آن پرداخته شده است:
فصل اول: روابط تعادل
فصل دوم: خرپاها
فصل سوم: تیرها
فصل چهارم: کابل ها
...
برای توضیحات بیشتر و تهیه این آموزش لطفا به لینک زیر مراجعه بفرمائید:
http://faradars.org/courses/fvmec94053
We worry about keeping your infrastructure in the air. Selfprotec is a leading electrical safety provider with a wide range of products at attractive prices and is new in Kappa Data’s product portfolio.
بررسی آماری گونه های مواد پلیمری داخلی و خارجی Iran: A statistical analys...Hamid Khabbaz
بررسی، مقایسه فنی و گزارش دهی آماری مربوط به تولید، واردات و صادرات پلیمرهای ایرانی و خارجی موجود در بازار ایران
پلیمرهای ارائه شده در این وبینار پلی اتیلن، پلی پروپیلن، و پلیمرهای استایرنیک می باشند
در اين وبينار كه اطلاعات آن براساس داده هاي گمركي ارائه شده سال 1393 تنظيم گرديده بود، به بررسی آماري همراه با مقايسه ميزان وادات و صادرات گريدهاي مختلف مواد پليمري داخلي و خارجي موجود در بازار ايران پرداخته شد. موضوعات مورد بحث در اين وبينار آمارهاي واردات و صادرات گريدهاي مختلف پليمرهاي استايرنيك و پلي اولفين هاي پرمصرف پلي اتيلن و پلي پروپيلن بود. در اين وبينار مشاهده شد كه سهم عمده ميزان واردات پلیمرهاي استايرنيك مربوط به EPS ها بوده كه در مقایسه با صادرات آن 137 برابر بیشتر مي باشد. همچنین مشاهده شد كه بیشترین سهم واردات EPS ها مربوط به ٍEPS هاي تاخيردهنده آتش مي باشد. در ادامه اين وبينار به بررسی میزان واردات و صادرات گريدهاي مختلف پلي پروپيلن ها پرداخته شد و مشاهده شد كه بيشترين سهم صادرات پلي پروپيلن ها براساس نوع آنها مربوط به پلي پروپيلن هموپليمر با سهم 99 درصدی و براساس کاربرد مربوط به گريد نساجی با سهم 91 درصدي از كل صادرات پلي پروپيلن ها مي باشد. اما در رابطه با واردات بیشترین سهم واردات براساس نوع مربوط به پلي پروپيلن كوپليمر با سهم 49 درصدي و بيشترين ميزان واردات براساس كاربرد مربوط به گريد لوله پلي پروپيلن با سهم 57 درصدي مي باشد. همچنین در ادامه به صورت دقیق تر به بحث در رابطه با ميزان واردات و صادرات و مقايسه هر كدام از گريدهاي هموپليمر و كوپليمر پلي پروپيلن پرداخته شد.
در ادامه انواع گريدهاي پلي اتيلن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مشاهده شد كه در هر دو آمار واردات و صادرات، پلي اتيلن سنگین بیشترین سهم را به خود اختصاص داده است. براساس کاربرد نیز بيشترين میزان صادرات مربوط به گريدهاي فیلم پلي اتيلن و بيشترين ميزان واردات مربوط به گريدهاي ل�
حوادث لیفتراک، سالانه زیان های شدید مالی و جانی را به همراه دارند. از مهمترین نتایج منفی این حوادث می توان به مجروح شدن نیروی کار که در بسیاری از موارد در زمینه کاری خود متخصص بوده و نبود آنها، وقفه در کار و یا کاهش کیفیت کار را به دنبال دارد، خسارات مستقیم مالی وارده به تجهیزات و محصول، توقف خط تولید به دلیل حادثه رخ داده و اثرات روحی و آشفتگی محیط کار را می توان نام برد.
در جدول زیر آمار حوادث و خرابی تاور کرین – Tower Crane – را بر اساس کشور بین سال های ۲۰۰۰ و ۲۰۰۹ میلادی مشاهده می کنید:
در این سال ها حداقل ۴۶ حادثه جدی و مهم در سرتاسر دنیا اتفاق افتاده است
يتمثل نشاط مركز إرلن مصر فى تقديم خدمة إكتشاف متلازمة إرلن التى تؤدى إلى تشوة الرؤية بالرغم من سلامة الإبصار، حيث ينتج ذلك بسبب خلل فى الادراك يحدث فى المخ. وتسبب متلازمة إرلن الكثير من الأعراض من بينها حساسية ضوئية، صعوبات فى القراءة، صداع، إجهاد، صعوبة فى إدراك العمق. ويعانى من ذلك كل من الكبار والصغار ولكن تكمن أهمية إكتشافها فى السن الصغير حتى لا تؤثر على قدرات الأطفال على الدراسة والتعلم.
يقوم المركز بإكتشاف والمساعدة على إختفاء أو تخفيف هذه الأعراض من خلال أسلوب إرلن الذى تم إكتشافه منذ ثلاثون عاماً فى الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. وهو يطبق حالياً فى 46 دولة من بينها بعض الدول العربية منذ حوالى 15 عاماً. وقد ساهم أسلوب إرلن فى تغيير حياة الملايين من البشر فى جميع أنحاء العالم إلى الأفضل. ويعد مركز إرلن مصر هو من أدخل هذه التقنية إلى مصر و الوحيد الذى يقدم هذه الخدمة.
وقد إتخذ مركز إرلن مصر هدفاً ورسالة أساسية لانشائه وهى أن يقوم بنشر الوعى المجتمعى بمتلازمة إرلن وتغيير حياة من يعانون منها فى صمت إلى حياة أفضل وأمتع وأنجح
It underlines the basic concept of activated sludge for wastewater treatment. The idea is to use microorganisms to treat dissolved organic and biodegradable components present in domestic water, municipal water and industrial wastewater.
Vision Earthcare Soil Bio Technology is a trademarked technology brand for waste water recycling.
http://www.visionearthcare.com/home/soil-bio-technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Wastewater Treatment: Definition, Process Steps, Design Considerations, Plant Types (With PDF)
Written by Anup Kumar Deyin Civil,Construction,Mechanical,Piping Interface,Process
Wastewater treatment is a process to treat sewage or wastewater to remove suspended solid contaminants and convert them into an effluent that can be discharged back to the environment with acceptable impact. The plants where the wastewater treatment process takes place are popularly known as Wastewater treatment plants, Water resource recovery facilities, or Sewage Treatment Plants. Pollutants present in wastewater can negatively impact the environment and human health. So, these must be removed, broken down, or converted during the treatment process. Typical pollutants that are normally present in wastewater are:
Bacteria, viruses, and disease-causing pathogens.
helminths (intestinal worms and worm-like parasites)
Toxic Chlorine compounds and inorganic chloramines.
Metals possessing toxic effects like mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic.
Decaying organic matter and debris.
oils and greases.
Toxic chemicals like PCBs, PAHs, dioxins, furans, pesticides, phenols, etc.
Some pharmaceutical and personal care products
It is part of Chemical Engineering. A lot of toxic released from Chemical Industries. How to reduce that wastewater effluent. All the techniques and measurements are included in this presentation.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
10. Ironically, only 2.5 % of the world’s water is fresh, with a mere 0.3 % available from rivers, lakes and reservoirs
11. Unfortunately, the number of people with access to clean water for drinking and sanitation is decreasing rapidly due to a number of factors
12. Each year, roughly 450 cubic kilometres of waste water is discharged into rivers, streams and lakes
13. According to a development report by the United Nations, every human being needs to consume 20-50 litres of freshwater, free of contaminants, each day.
14.
15. Many hydrological systems in developing regions are, or are getting close to, being stressed beyond repair.
16. Industrial pollution, uncontrolled domestic discharges from urban areas, diffuse pollution from agriculture and livestock rearing, and various alterations in land use or hydro infrastructure may all contribute to non-sustainable use of water resources, eventually leading to negative impacts on the economic development of many countries or even continents.
51. Additional microorganismsIn any biological treatment system there will be an accumulation of microbial and non-biodegradable solids that need to be managed and disposed properly
90. OR, ALTERNATIVELY, the tank capacity may be designed from the F/M & MLSS Conc. F/M = Q S0 / XV
91.
92. TYPICAL SUSPNDED SOLIDS MASS BALANCE FOR RETURN SLUDGE CONTROL S AERATION TANK SECONDARY CLARIFIER Q S0 X0 V Q+Qr X ____________________________________________________________________________ QeXe Qr, Xr Q*w,Xr Schematic Diagram of Activated-Sludge Process the Mass balance around the settling tank is as follows :-- Accumulation = Inflow -- Out flow = X ( Q + Qr) - Qr.Xr- Xr Q*w , Qr = XQ –XrQ*w Xr - X
94. Membrane Bioreactors •Suspended growth – similar to activated sludge •Two parts – biological unit and membrane filter •High effluent quality BOD<5 mg/L, TSS<5 mg/L •Greater potential for removal of endocrine disruptingchemicals, pharmaceuticals,
101. Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) Cyclic processes of fill, react, settle, effluent removal, and idle are controlled by time to achieve objectives. Short aerating/non-aerating periods at a HRT = 10 days resulted in removals of COD (93%), SS (98%), and all NH3 converted to NO3.
102. Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) • Type of activated sludge process • Five steps • Fill • React (aeration) • Settle • Draw (decant) • Idle •Example – Duke
103.
104. Rotating Biological Contactors •Aerobic system •Series of closely spaced circular disks rotate -submerged in wastewater •Reliable - withstand hydraulic and organic surges •Low energy costs •Potential mechanical failure
116. Amount of oxygen Removal of odor Oxygen demand = 1/2 to 1/3 BOD Removal of organic matter Oxygen demand = BOD Removal of nutrients Oxygen demand = BOD + NH3-N
117.
118. Floating aerators provide continuous aeration.