This presentation represent the summary of 30 years of evolution on waste management in Veneto (norh-East of Italy). the role of Mechanical Biological Treatment in a advanced waste management system and some suggestion for Lithuania

1. Waste management plan and
relevant experience in Veneto (IT)
Loro Francesco
Environmental Protection Agency of Veneto
Druskininkai (LT) – September 24th. 2015

2. Summary
• The separate collection of
waste in Veneto
• The role of MBT
• Lesson learnt on MBT
• Lesson learnt on Separate
collection
• Comparison with Lithuania and
some ideas

3. A small picture of waste management in Veneto
• Surface: 18.264 km²
• Inhabitants: 4,925,000
• Waste production (2013)
• Urban waste: 2.240.000 t
• Industrial waste: 8.650.000 t
• C&D waste: 5.010.000
Urban Waste production pro
capita (2013)
455 kg/inh*year
Urban residual waste pro capita
131 kg/inh*year
Industrial waste production
index
(Amount of urban waste/GDP)
60 t/Mln Euro

4. 22 composting plant
(+ 50 for green waste)
40 selection and recovery
(+ 150 small plants)
8 plants
(6 SRF + 2 Biostabilization)
3 Incineration plants
10 landfill (dedicated to urban and
industrial waste
The waste management plants network for urban waste

5. Unce upon a time….
The construction of a solid scenario
on urban waste management started
during the ’80 due to an emergency
situation on waste collection
Regional Waste management plan
Regional Council Degree 785/1988
Regional Waste management plan
Regional Council Degree 59/2004
Regional Waste management plan
Regional Council Degree 264/2004

6. The aims of these
plans
• Definition of minimum level of
separate collection
• Landfill tax related to separate
collection level
• Creation of homogeneous
waste management areas
• Regional Self-sufficiency for
urban waste
The results
• Introduction of separate
collection
• Separated waste streams
• Reduction of landfilling
New kind of problems:
How to treat these streams?
Is there a market for recovered materials?

7. The rise of separate collection level
In 1994 the separate
collection was 6,3 %
The introduction of a strong
taxation on untreated and
unsorted waste pushed the
Municipalities to a spread
adoption of separate collection
The level of separate collection
of each municipality is certified
every year by an independent
authority (Regional Waste
Observatory)
63,6
%

8. The level of separate collection and its effects
Paper
21%
Bio waste
47% Glass
14%
Other
6%
WEEE
2%
Plastic
8%
Metal
2%
Average composition of residual
waste after separate collection
% of separate collection of urban
waste

9. Which kind of separate collection
From organic/dry waste using road
bins
To door to door separate collection
of separated streams
Organic waste
Recoverable materials
(paper, plastic, glass)
Unrecoverable (200301)
One stream
Separated streams

10. Today…
Indifferenziato
Secco Umido porta a porta
Secco Umido porta a porta spinto
Secco Umido misto
Secco Umido stradale
Sistemi di raccolta
Unsorted
Dry/Organic Door to door
Dry/Multifraction Doot to door
Dry/Organic Road Bin
Dry/Organic Mixed
98,7 % of population with dry/Organic waste
collection
82 % use a door to door system
420 municipal green centers for urban
hazardous, bulky waste, garden waste…

11. The role of MBT in Veneto
The introduction of
separate collection
creates two main streams
Biowaste Dry-waste
Anaerobic
digestion +
composting
MBT
SRF Landfill

12. RDF production and Stabilized Waste production
number Treated waste (t) SRF/SW produced (t)
SRF installation 6 360.000 180.000
SW installation 2 36.000 25.000
All the SW is used as daily waste coverage
in landfills.
The RDF is partially used in Veneto, the
largest part is exported in other regions.

13. The good example: The Fusina plant
• Veritas is an integrated waste
management plant that include
MBT process and matter recovery
• The plant treats all the waste
coming from Venice and its
neighborhood
• Low level of separate collection
• Production of RDF
• Sinergy with Enel Power plant

14. Veritas plant: flow chart

15. The use of biocell
The pellets production

16. The production of electric energy
• Close to Veritas plant =
reduction of the cost
• Co-combustion with
coal
• Total amount burned in
2013 = 62.000 t
• Dedicated controls in
order to verify the
quality of the emission

17. The integrate pole
VERITAS MBT
PLANT
ENEL
ENERGY
PLANT
Untill 2013 : a small incenerator plant
with energy recovery process
Local treatment of scarps
Energy produced used to reduce the
consumption
In 2014/2015: increase of prodution of
SRF and its use on ENEL plant

18. The energetic costs of MBT process in Fusina
plant
2012 2013
Methan Nm3 636.296 703.100
Electric
energy kWh 22.084.000 21.973.000
RDF
production 97834 106523
Kwh/t 226 206

19. Average costs for MBT process in Veneto
• Our analysis confirm a treatment costs of 30/60 €/t
• Other relevant cost:
• Management of scraps (into landfill) = 50-80 € /t in Veneto
(2012)
• Management of light scraps (incineration cost) = 80-95 €/t in
Veneto (2012)
• Total average cost: 100/130 €/t
Are these costs sustainable?
Are these costs competitive to other solution?

20. Conclusion and lesson learnt on MBT/1
• MBT process is very flexible and can face a wide range of situation
• It is fundamental to reduce the amount of biowaste into landfill
• In case of high rate of separate collection it is possible to convent the plant to:
• Compostin process / Anaerobic digestion
• SRF production
• The economic balance is possible only when the user is close to the producer and
without dedicated plants
1988 2014
Planning process

21. • MBT plant is a part of the solution
• MBT should be used to achieve only a part of the
EU target
• Separate collection must be developed in
cooperation with MBT
• Evolution to SRF  including Industrial waste
• The landfill ban for untreated waste
• The ecological tax on untreated/unseparated
waste
Conclusion and lesson learnt on MBT/2

22. Conclusion and lesson learnt on separate collection
• Full scale or pilot scale introduction
of separate collection? The answer
is the presence of an installation
network able to recovery/treat the
different streams
Is this network ready?
You can’t ask a lot of effort to
citizens on separate collection and
at the end put the waste in a
landfill!!
There is a reliable database on
waste production?
There is reliable knowledge of
waste composition?
• Which kind of plants? How many
plants? The answer is the cost
benefit analysis
Mandatory system of data collection
on waste management

23. Which kind of separate collection?
Door to door or road bin?
Multifraction or dry/organic
Conclusion and lesson learnt on separate collection
The door to door system is the only
way to guarantee the quality of
biowaste = high quality of compost
= lower costs of treatment
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
domiciliare solo da
comuni non
turistici
domiciliare
comprensivo dei
comuni turistici
stradale sistema misto
%MNC
Door to door
(no touristic
areas)
Door to door
(touristic
areas)
Road bins Mixed
(separated/u
sorted)

24. Landfill is always
a temptation…
Conclusion and lesson learnt on separate collection
It is necessary a green tax
on untreated waste in
landfill
It is necessary a
proportional tax on
unsorted waste
Tax on biowaste
dumped in landfill
These incomes should be
used to help the
municipality on
enforcement the
separate collection
The total amount of
taxes have to be
enough to cover the
extra-costs of waste
recovery
Information
campaigns
Green
center
Separate
collection

25. Separate collection:
not only quantity
Conclusion and lesson learnt on separate collection
Quality of waste means that the level of
pollutants in the secondary raw material
is comparable to industrial grade
Only with a good level of separate
collection this target is achievable
Technology can help, but the separate
collection is the right way
Information campaing
Social awareness
Schools and students
Eco-garden
Controls on separate collection
Technical legislation
Product analysis procedure
Local standard for recovery
Harmonized legislation
The role of controls

26. But Lithuania is not Veneto (and viceversa)
• Our solution are just an example
• You can take some good ideas
• Only Lithuanians know Lithuanian habits

27. Some suggestions
Reliable
information
for planning
Industrial
waste
producers
Municipalitie
s (or
company
that collect
waste)
Waste
management
plants
Database of waste
production and
management
Indipendent
authority (e.g.
EPA)
Waste productions
Cross checks
Specific waste
streams
Technical law on data
collection on waste
Technical law on
permits content (with
standard mandatory
permit form and link
with the database)
The permit is valid
only if it loaded on
the national database

28. Reliable
information
on waste
Geography,
Economy,
Demography
Technical
proposal for
waste collection
system
Rural area
Urban area
Industrial
area
Domestic composting
Separate collection with
road bin
Urban hazardous waste
Green center
Green center
Urban hazardous waste
Separate collection with
road bin
Some waste are similar
to urban waste
But sizes
matter
Some technologies
need a minimum size to
be profitable

29. Organic waste
from separate
collection
Reduction of
organic waste
in landfill law
Gradual Taxation
on organic waste
dumped in landfill
Controls and
mandatory
product analysis
on waste
Anaerobic
Digestion plant
Sewage sludge
from WWTP
Manure from
livestocks
Organic waste
from industry
and farming
Composting
Electric energy
+ heat
WWTP
Fertilizer
Scraps MBT
RDF
Scraps
Landfill
EXISTING POWER
PLANT or CEMENT
PRODUCTION

30. MBT
Phase 1
Phase 2
Dry waste from
separate collection
with road bin
RDF EXISTING POWER
PLANT or CEMENT
PRODUCTION
Stabilized waste
Landfill
Metals
Recovery
process
PAPER from Separate
Collection
PLASTIC from
Separate Collection
METAL and GLASS
from Separate
Collection
Sorting and
refining
Sorting and
refining
Sorting and
refining
New Raw
materials to the
market
Scraps MBT
Industrial
scraps
RDF
EXISTING POWER
PLANT or CEMENT
PRODUCTION
Scraps
Landfill
Industrial
scraps

31. Ačiū už Jūsų dėmesį
Thanks for your
attention
Loro Francesco
Tel. 0039.348.064.34.62
Mail: lorofrancesco@outlook.com
Linkedin: https://it.linkedin.com/in/francescoloro
Tranquilli, ho un piano
W.A. Mozart
Don’t worry, I have a plan
W.A. Mozart
In Italian “Piano” means “Strategy” but it is also the name of the
musical instrument
Lost in translation