Apresentação realizada na feira RWM Brasil, 2013.

1. Paths to implement an
advanced Solid Waste
Management System
in Brazil
Herman Huisman
Feira RWM Brasil
Sao Paulo, October 2nd 2013

2. The Netherlands
16,7 million Inhabitants
40.000 km2
12 provinces
405 Municipalities
60 million tons waste
9,2 million tons Household waste
•Downstream large European rivers
•Surrounded by Industrialized area's of
Belgium, Germany
2
2
>> Focus on environment
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3. Paths to implement an advanced Solid Waste
Management System in Brazil
• Historical drivers
• Netherlands practice and performance
in waste management
• Elements of waste policy
• Integrate waste management systems
moving from end of pipe to closing the
loop: circular economy
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4. Upscaling of waste management, both in
policies and waste markets
Scale
Of
government
Public health
Private collectors for
metal scrap, textiles,
food remains, paper,
coal, ashes
Environmental
Protection, focus
on leachate, gas
control, flue gas
cleaning
Diversion
Professionalizing,
Recycling
Institutional &
responsibility issues,
EPR systems in
place, landfill bans &
taxes
Sustainable development
Chain approach
Resource policy,
Closing the loop
International
Market, targets
Integrated policy
Control &
Technical fix
Responsibility of
Municipality
1875
1975
1990
2005
waste management department
4
4
>> Focus on environment
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5. High performance in waste management 1
State of the art
Treatment facilities
Decrease of waste:
Decoupling of economic
Growth and waste
production
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6. Development waste production per sector
70.000
60.000
Afvalverw erking
Hoeveelheid afval (kton)
50.000
Drinkw atervoorz.
RWZI's
Energie
40.000
Bouw
HDO
30.000
Industrie
Landbouw
Verkeer
20.000
Consumenten
10.000
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
6
6
>> Focus on environment
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7. Development of recovery rate per sector
100%
Aandeel nuttige toepassing
80%
60%
consumers
agriculture
Industry
Commerce
C&D
energy suply
40%
20%
0%
1985
7
7
7
1990
1995
Landelijk Afvalbeheer Plan
2000
2005
2010
>> Focus on environment
Rijkswaterstaat

8. Recovery and disposal in Europe
Municipal Solid Waste 2010, Eurostat
100%
19
80%
42
50
50
62
61
43
35
33
47
39
34
39
41
70
19
22
12
15
4
21
16
9
16
26
33
62
60%
17
11
10
1
24
0
20
10
0
18
14
0
9
0
5
0
86
91
94
0
9
1
34
40%
54
49
50
20%
51
35
38
39
45
37
30
49
51
57
58
58
62
68
69
73
73
0
1
1
1
3
Sw
i
8
8
81
82
Incinerated
Landfill
6
Ita
ly
Ire
lan
d
Sl
ov
en
ia
Sp
ai
Po n
Cz
rtu
ec
g
h
Re a l
pu
b
Hu li c
ng
ar
y
Ic
ela
nd
Po
la
nd
Es
to
ni
a
Cy
pr
us
Sl
ov
ak
ia
G
re
ec
e
M
al
ta
La
tv
ia
Li
th
ua
ni
a
0
tze
rl a
nd
G
er
m
Ne
an
y
th
er
la
nd
s
Au
st
r
Sw ia
ed
en
Be
lg
iu
m
De
nm
a
No rk
rw
Lu
ay
xe
m
bo
ur
g
Fr
an
ce
Fi
Un
nl
i te
an
d
d
Ki
ng
do
m
0
80
Recycling
31
18
0%
76
>> Focus on environment
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9. Relation between GDP and performance in
Waste management
9
9
>> Focus on environment
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10. High performance in waste management 2
Waste tracking
And monitoring
system
High recycling rates
All waste: 79 %
Municipal waste: 52%
Professional and competitive waste sector
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11. Hybride responsibility
Municipality
-Residual waste
-Bio waste
-Bulky waste
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-Cars/end of live vehicles
-Car tires
-Electronic and electric waste
-Batteries
-Paper and cardboard
-Packaging
Duty of care:
Paid by citizens (municipal
waste tax)
11
Producer/Importer
EPR:
Paid by consumers/producersimporters (recycling fee or
included in price)
>> Focus on environment
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12. Break down costs of municipal waste management 2010
indirect costs
16%
collection organic
6%
composting organic
5%
other
0%
paper
2%
collection residual
21%
treatment bulky
7%
collection bulky
13%
treatment residual
30%
12
12
12
Landelijk Afvalbeheer Plan >>
Focus on environment
Rijkswaterstaat

13. Elements of waste policy
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Waste hierarchy: prevention, re-use, material recycling, energy-recovery,
incineration, land filling
Economic instruments to steer the waste to the preferred treatment
Stringent standards for disposal and recycling: decrees on landfill and
incineration, standards for building materials, organic fertilizers, ban on
landfill
Planning at National level: starting with concessions for collection and
treatment, nowadays market approach and integral national waste planning
Cooperation between 3 levels of government: municipal, regional and
national
Education and communication to create awareness and enhance
participation with separate collection schemes
Producers responsibility: legal as well as non legal systems for car tires,
batteries, Weee, ELV, packaging
Notification and registration of waste transports: from separate to one
integral system of registration and notification of waste transports
Control and enforcement
waste management department
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13
>> Focus on environment
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14. Moving towards Resource Management
PRODUCTION
END OF LIFE
CONSUMPTION
Extraction
Manufacturing
Preparing for Re-use
Transport
Distribution
Purchasing
Use
Re-use
Separate
Collection
Recycling
Reduction at source
Avoided waste flows
Sustainable consumption
Other
treatment
and recovery
Diverted waste flows
Waste Minimization
WASTE PREVENTION
WASTE MANAGEMENT
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
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15. Basic instruments to support resource efficiency
1. Implement separate collection schemes
– Organic waste, paper and cardboard,
metals, glass, plastic, electric and electronic
equipment, batteries, hazardous waste
– Involve shops/retailers in collection
– Communicate, all the time.
2. Implement Extended Producer Responsibility
- Enhance separate collection and recycling
- Financial coverage (polluter pays principle)
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16. Responsibilities of EPR organizations (on behalf of PI’s)





Create a stable collection system
Create awareness and environmentally responsible behavior
Contribute to “design for recycling” and “Eco design”
Prevent illegal trade and export
Annual Reporting on collection and recycling performance
Environment
Ministry
EPR regulation
and control
Batteries
16
16
WEEE
Packaging
Car tyres
>> Focus on environment
ELV
Window
Panes
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17. Basic instruments to support resource efficiency
3. Use Economic instruments
Make sure that undesired outlets are more expensive than desired
outlets. Effective instruments are:
•
•
•
•
Landfill and incineration tax
Pay as you throw systems
Deposit-return-systems
Green taxation
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18. Basic instruments to support resource efficiency
4. Adopt Green Public Procurement
– Purchasing power of the government
can stimulate companies
5. Support R&D policy
– Build and maintain scientific and
technological capacity
– Stimulate innovation: many key
innovations have their origin in state
funded research.
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19. Basic instruments to back up resource efficiency
6. Integrate prevention and recycling in
environmental permitting
– Can apply to SME and Industry
– Can be taken into account in each phase of
permitting procedure
7. Integrate environmental criteria in product
regulation
– Banning of hazardous substances
– Requirements for energy consumption
– Requirements for traceability and recyclability
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20. Basic instruments to back up resource efficiency
8. Develop Product Service Systems / new business models
– A service or lease can be a good alternative for buying products
– Leads to de-materialisation of consumption
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21. Basic instruments to back up resource efficiency
9. Stimulate sustainable design of products (eco-design) to
support separation and recovery of materials
+
=
.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzFR4mPI34E.
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22. Circular economy
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23. Thank you for listening!
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