Walter Shewhart was an American physicist, engineer, and statistician who made significant contributions to quality management and process control. He developed control charts and the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle while working at Bell Labs in the 1920s. Control charts allow processes to be monitored for unusual variations, while the PDCA cycle provides a framework for continuous improvement. Shewhart emphasized reducing process variation to improve quality and introduced the concepts of common and special cause variation. His statistical methods formed the basis for modern quality control techniques like Statistical Process Control (SPC) and the Six Sigma methodology.
Feigenbaum's Philosophy on Total Quality ManagementPiyush Tripathi
Armand Vallin Feigenbaum (April 6, 1922 – November 13, 2014) was an American quality control expert and businessman. He devised the concept of Total Quality Control which inspired Total Quality Management (TQM).
In this presentation, we will discuss the concept of quality management with specific importance on quality assurance, quality control and different views of quality, types of quality, levels of quality and quality determinants. We will also talk about the industrial revolution and beginning of quality control methods.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Philip Crosby Principles
n 1979, Crosby started the management consulting company Philip Crosby Associates, Inc. This consulting group provided educational courses in quality management both at their headquarters in Winter Park, Florida, and at eight foreign locations. Also in 1979, Crosby published his first business book, Quality Is Free. This book would become popular at the time because of the crisis in North American quality. During the late 1970s and into the 1980s, North American manufacturers were losing market share to Japanese products largely due to the superior quality of the Japanese goods.
Crosby's response to the quality crisis was the principle of "doing it right the first time" (DIRFT). He also included four major principles.
The definition of quality is conformance to requirements (requirements meaning both the product and the customer's requirements)
The system of quality is prevention
The performance standard is zero defects (relative to requirements)
The measurement of quality is the price of nonconformance
His belief was that an organization that establishes good quality management principles will see savings returns that more than pay for the cost of the quality system: "quality is free". It is less expensive to do it right the first time than to pay for rework and repairs.
Feigenbaum's Philosophy on Total Quality ManagementPiyush Tripathi
Armand Vallin Feigenbaum (April 6, 1922 – November 13, 2014) was an American quality control expert and businessman. He devised the concept of Total Quality Control which inspired Total Quality Management (TQM).
In this presentation, we will discuss the concept of quality management with specific importance on quality assurance, quality control and different views of quality, types of quality, levels of quality and quality determinants. We will also talk about the industrial revolution and beginning of quality control methods.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Philip Crosby Principles
n 1979, Crosby started the management consulting company Philip Crosby Associates, Inc. This consulting group provided educational courses in quality management both at their headquarters in Winter Park, Florida, and at eight foreign locations. Also in 1979, Crosby published his first business book, Quality Is Free. This book would become popular at the time because of the crisis in North American quality. During the late 1970s and into the 1980s, North American manufacturers were losing market share to Japanese products largely due to the superior quality of the Japanese goods.
Crosby's response to the quality crisis was the principle of "doing it right the first time" (DIRFT). He also included four major principles.
The definition of quality is conformance to requirements (requirements meaning both the product and the customer's requirements)
The system of quality is prevention
The performance standard is zero defects (relative to requirements)
The measurement of quality is the price of nonconformance
His belief was that an organization that establishes good quality management principles will see savings returns that more than pay for the cost of the quality system: "quality is free". It is less expensive to do it right the first time than to pay for rework and repairs.
Chapter 10 of ICT Project Management based on IOE Engineering syllabus. This chapter includes topic related to quality theories, quality planning, cost of quality and more on quality management of project. Provided by Project Management Sir of KU.
OD refers to a collection of planned change efforts based on democratic values that aim at improving employee well being and organizational effectiveness
human resource management have responsibilities such as selection, recruiting, training, development, appraisal, etc. job analysis help to identify the requirements of the job and will help to make job description and job specification
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
2. WALTER A SHEWHART
• One of the most notable contributors to modern
industry is Walter Shewhart, a quality control
pioneer.
• Born in New Canton, Illinois in 1891
• He started his rise to guru status as a Bell Telephone
employee in 1918. “Father of Statistical Quality
Control”
• “Grandfather of Total Quality Management”
• An American physicist, an engineer and statistician
3. HISTORY
• He earned his undergraduate degree and post
graduation degrees from University of Illinoise.
• He went on to study at the University of California
at Berkeley, where in 1917 he earned his
doctorate in physics.
• Shewart spent the better part of his career at
Western Electric, and the Bell Labs.
• He exceled both as an engineer (from 1918-1924)
to technical advisor (from 1925-1956).
• An accomplished lecturer speaking both overseas
and domestically
4. CONTRIBUTION:
Six sigma Statistical Process Control
Reducing Variation – To
Improve Quality
Shewhart cycle (also know as
the PDSA Cycle, PDCA Cycle)
5. Reducing
Variation – To
Improve Quality
• The emphasis on reducing variation to enhance
quality is a great contribution to quality management.
• Reducing variation to improve quality resulted in
manufacture of precise things.
• Shewhart acknowledged two classes of variation
namely ‘special‐cause’ (assignable‐cause) and
‘common‐cause’ (chance‐cause) variation.
• A control chart was designed by him to explain these
two categories of variations.
6. Variation management • Common cause
variation, also known as
noise variation, is inherent in a
process over time. It affects
every outcome of the process
and everyone working in the
process. Managing common
cause variation thus requires
improvements to the process.
• Special cause variation,
also known as signal cause
variation, arises because of
unusual circumstances and is
not an inherent part of a
process.
7. Statistical process control
• Statistical process control (SPC) is defined as the use of statistical techniques to
control a process or production method.
• SPC tools and procedures can help you monitor process behavior, discover issues
in internal systems, and find solutions for production issues.
• Statistical process control is often used interchangeably with statistical quality
control (SQC).
• A popular SPC tool is the control chart, originally developed by Walter Shewhart
in the early 1920s.
• A control chart helps one record data and lets you see when an unusual event,
such as a very high or low observation compared with "typical" process
performance, occurs
8. Control chart • Control charts, also known as Shewhart charts (after Walter A.
Shewhart) or process-behavior charts, are a statistical process
control tool used to determine if a manufacturing or business
process is in a state of control.
• It is more appropriate to say that the control charts are the
graphical device for Statistical Process Monitoring (SPM).
• Measurements are plotted on the chart versus a time line.
Measurements that are outside the limits are considered to be
out of control.
• The control chart is one of the seven basic tools of quality
control.[3] Typically control charts are used for time-series data,
though they can be used for data that have logical comparability
9. SHEWART CYCLE
• Plan: Recognize an opportunity and plan a change.
• Do: Test the change. Carry out a small-scale study.
• Check: Review the test, analyze the results, and identify
what you’ve learned.
• Act: Take action based on what you learned in the study
step. If the change did not work, go through the cycle again
with a different plan. If you were successful, incorporate
what you learned from the test into wider changes. Use
what you learned to plan new improvements, beginning the
cycle again.
10. SIX SIGMA
• Shewhart’s ideas and statistical concepts were
embraced in clinical laboratories for several
years for proficiency testing and quality control
operations.
• Walter described the problem of reducing
errors in a process in terms of process
variation, which is also the deviation from the
mean called ‘Sigma’
• Many industries have re-discovered Shewhart’s
methods and tools of statistical process control
which is named as ‘Six Sigma’.
