W europe mini test review
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This document contains review questions about Western Europe from 500-1400 AD, including political, economic, cultural, and social changes and continuities after the fall of the Roman Empire. It also discusses the Byzantine Empire and compares it to Western Europe and the Islamic empires during this time period. Key figures and events mentioned include Charlemagne, the Crusades, guilds, Thomas Aquinas, and Emperor Justinian of the Byzantine Empire. The document reviews political structures, trade, religious differences, and cultural influences between these medieval civilizations.
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Western Europe from 500 to 1000 CE was a difficult place to live for peasants, with cold weather and a lack of political, economic, and trade stability. After 1000 CE, changes included developments in politics, human interactions with the environment, and economics, while social, political, and cultural structures largely stayed the same. The Byzantine Empire was politically similar to Tang and Song dynasty China, and to the Umayyad caliphate, while also sharing some similarities to Western Europe at the time in its political structure and regional influences.
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The document summarizes key characteristics of Western Europe between 600-1500 CE. It notes that Western Europe lacked political unity and had more regional competition compared to other civilizations. Political rulers had weaker power as the Church and warrior elite challenged them. Cities were more independent and merchants had more freedom. There was also a greater separation of political and religious life and an emphasis on human reason in academics. Some characteristics like crusading, military conflicts, and a split in Christianity continued past 1400.
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Byzantine art expressed the values of Byzantine culture through religious imagery in a conventionalized style. Artists followed strict rules and used symbolic rather than realistic representations. Mosaics and icons in churches depicted Jesus and Mary in standardized poses and features to convey devotion. The Byzantine Empire declined due to overextension of resources on borders, growing Islamic power, and the sacking of Constantinople by Catholic crusaders in 1204, which devastated the empire.
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The Byzantine Empire emerged after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. The Eastern Roman Empire, centered in Constantinople, remained strong while the West fell into decline. Over time, the Eastern Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire, and it preserved Greco-Roman culture and institutions like the Roman system of law and imperial government. However, the Byzantine Empire also developed its own identity as Eastern Orthodox Christianity became the dominant religion and Greek replaced Latin as the main language.
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Constantinople served as the capital of the Byzantine Empire from 330 CE until the city's fall to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 CE. Under Emperor Constantine, the city replaced Rome as the capital of the Roman Empire and thrived as a center of political, economic, and cultural power under later emperors like Justinian. Justinian reconquered much of the former Western Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire reached its greatest extent during his rule. However, the Byzantine Empire eventually declined due to internal struggles between social classes and external threats from the Ottoman Turks, culminating in the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453 CE.
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Choose 5 to answerPick 5 of the questions below to answer. .docx
Choose 5 to answer
Pick 5 of the questions below to answer.
Each answer must be a minimum of 500 words, double spaced.
Your answers must address all aspects of the question using specific historical facts from the readings. (Names, dates, events etc)
Answer these questions in as much detail as possible.
Be specific with your answers.
Your answers should cover who, what, when, where and then go beyond.
Min: 500 words per essay.
This is an open book exam.
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Compare and contrast the population size of the various major civilizations of the world in 1400 and 1660.
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- Society was organized around manors, with peasants (serfs) bound to the land and providing labor to lords in exchange for protection. This isolated system slowed technological and economic progress.
- The power of the Catholic Church grew significantly, as it provided religious and legal structure during this unstable period.
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W europe mini test review
- 1. Western Europe 500-1400 mini-test Review
- 2. Western Europe from 500 to 1000 What were the political changes after the fall of the Roman Empire? What were the political continuities after the fall of the Roman Empire? What were the economic changes after the fall of the Roman Empire? What were the cultural changes? What were the cultural continuities? What were the social structure changes? What were the social structure continuities?
- 3. Western Europe from 1000-1500 What were changes in how humans interacted with the environment? What were the political continuities from 500 to 1000? What were the political changes? What were the economic changes? What were changes in women’s status?
- 4. Western Europe from 1000-1500 What is the difference between a serf and a slave? What is the difference between a serf and a peasant? What were the causes and results of the Crusades (1000 – 1400)? • What is the name for the loose confederation of kingdoms ruled by a figurehead emperor?
- 5. Western Europe • Who was Charlemagne? Why is he important? • What is the difference between clergy and laypeople? • What is the difference between a nun and a Bishop? • What is a guild? • Who is Thomas Aquinas and why is he important?
- 6. Western Europe before 1000 • What were unifying factors? • What were similarities between Western Europe 500s – 1000 and China after the Han dynasty? • What made Western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire different than China after the fall of the Han Dynasty?
- 7. Byzantine Empire • How was it different than Western Europe at the same time? – In political structure – in commerce and trade • What was a continuity between Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire? • Which regions of the world did Byzantium influence? • Which groups attacked the Byzantine Empire and weakened it in this period? • What learning did the Byzantine Empire preserve?
- 8. Byzantine Empire • What were the differences between Orthodox Christianity and Roman Catholic Christianity? • How was Byzantium like Tang and Song China politically? • How was Byzantium like Islamic civilization under the Umayyads and Abbasids?
- 9. Byzantine Empire • Who was Justinian and why was he important?
- 10. COMPARE • Analyze the similarities and differences in the culture of the Byzantine Empire and the Islamic Empire under the Umayyads and Abbasids in the 8th to 12th centuries.