This document discusses elevator emergency operations and safety features. It describes essential services needed in elevator emergencies like lighting, ventilation and communication. It also discusses emergency power supplies, alarm systems, and features to aid disabled passengers. The document outlines procedures for passenger entrapment rescues both with and without power, and recommends escape hatches, emergency doors and communication systems to facilitate rescues.
This document is a 2014 catalogue from Came describing its access control products. It highlights Came's expertise in providing complete access control solutions for large structures like Expo Milano 2015. Came will handle automation, management and access control for the exhibition, developing an innovative model. Its acknowledged expertise and commitment will allow it to offer advanced technologies for visitor control and management.
The IWZ Toolbox has been prepared as a guideline for selecting an appropriate Intelligent Work Zone (IWZ) System for existing work zone traffic issues and to mitigate anticipated issues on scheduled projects. Visit at http://www.streetsmartrental.com for more information.
This document describes an automated car washing system that uses a programmable logic controller (PLC). It consists of multiple stations for cleaning, rinsing with water, applying soap, rinsing again, and drying. Sensors detect when a car reaches each station and the PLC controls motors and pumps to move the car between stations and operate the cleaning processes. The PLC allows the system to run automatically without human operators, saving time and labor costs compared to manual car washing. PLCs provide benefits like flexible input/output, small size, modularity, and ability to program automated sequences of operations for systems like this car wash.
This document provides an overview of automation, including:
- Automation uses control systems to operate machinery and processes with minimal human intervention. It saves labor but is also used to improve quality.
- There are different types of automation like discrete control, continuous control, and sequential control. Applications include human machine interfaces, sensors, instruments, and industrial communications.
- Automation is used widely in industries like food/drink, stores, mining, waste management, and manufacturing to reduce labor needs through machines and automated processes. Engineering tools also help design and implement automated systems.
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC Part 4)Priyanshu
The document discusses different sizes of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and their applications. PLCs are categorized based on functionality, inputs/outputs, cost, and size, ranging from nano to micro to medium to large. Key factors in selecting a PLC include matching its size to the application. There are three main types of PLC applications: single-ended, multitask, and control management. Memory requirements depend on the number of inputs/outputs, program size, data needs, and future expansion requirements. PLCs are used across various industries including petrochemical, steel, power generation, chemical, and more.
This document discusses various types of security barriers and access control systems, including boom barriers, drop arm barriers, turnstiles, flap barriers, sliding gates, road blockers, rising bollards, and crash resistance barriers. It explains that automatic barriers can efficiently regulate traffic at entry and exit points of buildings to manage security. Different barrier types are suited for different applications depending on the space and expected traffic. The document also provides details on specific barrier models like drop arm turnstiles and tripod turnstiles, and concludes with contact information.
This document is a 2014 catalogue from Came describing its access control products. It highlights Came's expertise in providing complete access control solutions for large structures like Expo Milano 2015. Came will handle automation, management and access control for the exhibition, developing an innovative model. Its acknowledged expertise and commitment will allow it to offer advanced technologies for visitor control and management.
The IWZ Toolbox has been prepared as a guideline for selecting an appropriate Intelligent Work Zone (IWZ) System for existing work zone traffic issues and to mitigate anticipated issues on scheduled projects. Visit at http://www.streetsmartrental.com for more information.
This document describes an automated car washing system that uses a programmable logic controller (PLC). It consists of multiple stations for cleaning, rinsing with water, applying soap, rinsing again, and drying. Sensors detect when a car reaches each station and the PLC controls motors and pumps to move the car between stations and operate the cleaning processes. The PLC allows the system to run automatically without human operators, saving time and labor costs compared to manual car washing. PLCs provide benefits like flexible input/output, small size, modularity, and ability to program automated sequences of operations for systems like this car wash.
This document provides an overview of automation, including:
- Automation uses control systems to operate machinery and processes with minimal human intervention. It saves labor but is also used to improve quality.
- There are different types of automation like discrete control, continuous control, and sequential control. Applications include human machine interfaces, sensors, instruments, and industrial communications.
- Automation is used widely in industries like food/drink, stores, mining, waste management, and manufacturing to reduce labor needs through machines and automated processes. Engineering tools also help design and implement automated systems.
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC Part 4)Priyanshu
The document discusses different sizes of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and their applications. PLCs are categorized based on functionality, inputs/outputs, cost, and size, ranging from nano to micro to medium to large. Key factors in selecting a PLC include matching its size to the application. There are three main types of PLC applications: single-ended, multitask, and control management. Memory requirements depend on the number of inputs/outputs, program size, data needs, and future expansion requirements. PLCs are used across various industries including petrochemical, steel, power generation, chemical, and more.
This document discusses various types of security barriers and access control systems, including boom barriers, drop arm barriers, turnstiles, flap barriers, sliding gates, road blockers, rising bollards, and crash resistance barriers. It explains that automatic barriers can efficiently regulate traffic at entry and exit points of buildings to manage security. Different barrier types are suited for different applications depending on the space and expected traffic. The document also provides details on specific barrier models like drop arm turnstiles and tripod turnstiles, and concludes with contact information.
This document provides an overview of a company's curriculum and services. The company offers security infrastructure, personal protective equipment, mechanical workshop services, oils and lubricants. It has locations in Mexico and Texas. Key services include access control, video surveillance, fire protection systems, civil engineering, blacksmithing, networks, telecommunications projects, and solar energy installation. The company aims to offer high quality solutions and establish strong relationships with customers.
Catalog Thang máy Mitsubishi NEXIEZ-MRL_Version2_product_guide.pdfThang máy Vinalift
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Dienhathe.com lv 72t-2004_en sivacon lxa lxcDien Ha The
Busway,
Busway Siemens,
Catalog Busway Siemens,
http://dienhathe.com,
Chi tiết các sản phẩm khác của Busway Siemens tại https://dienhathe.com
Xem thêm các Catalog khác của Busway Siemens tại https://dienhathe.info
Để nhận báo giá sản phẩm Busway Siemens vui lòng gọi: 0907.764.966
This document discusses DEKONPOWER's intelligent charging solutions and EV charging products. It provides an overview of DEKONPOWER's product quality control processes, management systems, key technologies, and product portfolio. It also describes applications of DEKONPOWER's EV chargers in overseas markets like Europe, Asia, Australia, and Kazakhstan.
this ppt covers the entire control room in National Building Code of India which prescribe code of safety in NBC and design standards for planning control room. and rest of the missing data will fine in NBC, 2016
Mitsubishi Electric has been a leader in vertical transportation since 1931. It created the world's first spiral escalator and elevator group control systems using artificial intelligence. Mitsubishi Electric products are known for their high quality, reliability, and safety, earning trust with building owners globally. The company strives to be environmentally friendly throughout the lifecycle of its elevators and escalators by introducing efficient technologies and reducing energy consumption. Mitsubishi Electric can customize high-speed elevators to meet the needs of diverse applications such as offices, hotels, and shopping centers.
Drucegrove have been at the forefront of advance lift technology for many years. They have been designing and manufacturing electronic lift components and products using the minimum of wires, and saving their customers considerable time and expense on installation and maintenance. For more you can visit: http://www.drucegrove.com/
This document provides installation and operation instructions for the Defender Series - IM4 lift truck access control and impact monitoring system. It describes how to install the system components, input threshold values for detecting impacts, and calibrate the onboard weighing scale. The system consists of a digital indicator, wiring harness, and hydraulic pressure transducer. Installation requires mounting the indicator and connecting wires to monitor impacts, control vehicle access, and measure load weight. The instructions provide safety guidelines and detail how to configure settings like timestamps, languages, and impact thresholds.
This is density based traffic light control system using Programmable logic controller(PLC). Then side which have more vehicles(density) will be getting on first. This process will take place according to number of vehicles.
Home Elevator Working Principle With Safety Features.pptxAttico Elevators
The basic working principle behind a Residential elevator is a motor-driven mechanism that slides a platform or cab along a vertical track. Emergency brakes are among the safety elements that provide a controlled descent in the event of a power outage or excessive speed. If the weight limit is exceeded, overload sensors stop the elevator from working. When the elevator is moving, door interlocks secure the doors and keep them from opening unless the cab is at a certain landing. Furthermore, emergency communication technologies facilitate passengers ability to reach assistance in the event of an emergency, guaranteeing a dependable and secure vertical transportation experience within residential environments.
The document describes Electrans' level crossing protection system, which includes a vital controller, shelter, obstacle detection, digital communication, and customizable manual control interface. The system provides trackside equipment like train detection and signals. It also controls road barriers, warning lights, and acoustic signals. Electrans aims to upgrade safety and availability at level crossings by providing all necessary components and leveraging experience since 1977.
1) The document discusses different types of cranes and their identification and load capacity requirements.
2) Crane operators must know how to use lifting charts and cranes require regular maintenance and inspections according to safety schedules.
3) Cranes have a number of safety devices incorporated in their design including overtravel switches, protections for bare conductors, clearly marked controls, and load indicators.
The document discusses various specialised services in hotels, including waste management, fire safety systems, security systems, HVAC systems, and building management systems. It provides details on types of waste streams and how they are separated and stored. It also describes components of fire safety systems like sprinklers, smoke detectors, and evacuation plans. Security provisions like CCTV, keycard locks, and alarm systems are outlined. Finally, it discusses different HVAC system options for hotel rooms like PTAC, VTAC, and VRF systems.
Automatic Ambulance Detection System in Traffic Signals Using IOTIRJET Journal
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Saiprasad Enterprises was established in 2000 and manufactures, trades, retails, imports and wholesales sensors and industrial components. It is also a well-known manufacturer of SPM machines. The company's products include linear slides, pneumatics, actuators and robotic machines that are used across industries such as electrical, automation and engineering. The document further provides details on linear slides, actuators, pick and place robots, special purpose machines, pneumatics, sensors and industrial control panels.
This document provides an overview of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) including their history, components, programming, and applications. It discusses how PLCs were developed to provide flexible, cost-effective control compared to hardwired relay systems. The key components of a PLC including the central processing unit, input/output modules, power supply, and memory are described. Programming of PLCs using ladder logic, function block diagrams and other methods is also covered. Finally, common input and output devices used with PLCs such as switches, encoders and temperature sensors are listed.
This document provides information on Toshiba Elevator and Building Systems Corporation and their new high-speed elevator model, the New ELBRIGHT. The 3-page document includes sections on Toshiba's technology, safety functions, energy saving features, car designs for different applications, hall designs, functions, specifications, and their global network. It describes the New ELBRIGHT's permanent magnet synchronous motor and compact control panel that saves space. Safety functions discussed include car door locking, uncontrolled car movement protection, and overspeed protection. The document also mentions energy saving features like regenerative braking and LED lighting.
Ensuring Operator Safety_ Advanced Safety Features in Modern Industrial Hydra...Emma Bela
In the dynamic landscape of industrial operations, the safety of workers operating hydraulic lifts is of paramount importance. Modern industrial hydraulic lift are equipped with advanced safety features that not only enhance operational efficiency but also prioritize operator well-being. This article explores the sophisticated safety mechanisms incorporated into contemporary industrial hydraulic lifts, including automatic locking systems, emergency stop buttons, and anti-pinch technology, ensuring a secure working environment for operators.
CLAITEC corporate presentation.
CLAITEC is a technology-driven company specialising in the implementation of industrial safety and accident prevention solutions.
Konecranes provides crane maintenance and repair services. They offer a comprehensive Lifecycle Care program that uses remote monitoring and data collection to optimize maintenance. Customers have access to an online portal that provides insights into crane performance and maintenance needs. Konecranes' goal is to maximize uptime and productivity for customers through preventative and corrective maintenance services.
Vtme rajan samson ew_june18_article lift car cab decorationSAMSON BABU MCIBSE
The document discusses various planning considerations for decorating elevator cab interiors. It notes that while cab decoration can make the space impressive, it requires coordinating various elements like ensuring wheelchair access requirements are met, selecting appropriate materials, distributing weight properly, and addressing lighting, ventilation and other code issues. The document provides guidance on these topics to help designers plan cab decorations while meeting all relevant standards and coordination needs.
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This document provides an overview of a company's curriculum and services. The company offers security infrastructure, personal protective equipment, mechanical workshop services, oils and lubricants. It has locations in Mexico and Texas. Key services include access control, video surveillance, fire protection systems, civil engineering, blacksmithing, networks, telecommunications projects, and solar energy installation. The company aims to offer high quality solutions and establish strong relationships with customers.
Catalog Thang máy Mitsubishi NEXIEZ-MRL_Version2_product_guide.pdfThang máy Vinalift
This document provides information on the NEXIEZ-MRL Version 2 machine-room-less elevator system from Mitsubishi Electric, including its advanced mobility services, design concepts, features, specifications, and importance in elevator planning. Key features highlighted include reduced waiting times through optimized traffic flow prediction and door timing, enhanced accessibility, improved safety during emergencies, enhanced security through connections to building monitoring systems, and increased sustainability through energy efficiency.
Dienhathe.com lv 72t-2004_en sivacon lxa lxcDien Ha The
Busway,
Busway Siemens,
Catalog Busway Siemens,
http://dienhathe.com,
Chi tiết các sản phẩm khác của Busway Siemens tại https://dienhathe.com
Xem thêm các Catalog khác của Busway Siemens tại https://dienhathe.info
Để nhận báo giá sản phẩm Busway Siemens vui lòng gọi: 0907.764.966
This document discusses DEKONPOWER's intelligent charging solutions and EV charging products. It provides an overview of DEKONPOWER's product quality control processes, management systems, key technologies, and product portfolio. It also describes applications of DEKONPOWER's EV chargers in overseas markets like Europe, Asia, Australia, and Kazakhstan.
this ppt covers the entire control room in National Building Code of India which prescribe code of safety in NBC and design standards for planning control room. and rest of the missing data will fine in NBC, 2016
Mitsubishi Electric has been a leader in vertical transportation since 1931. It created the world's first spiral escalator and elevator group control systems using artificial intelligence. Mitsubishi Electric products are known for their high quality, reliability, and safety, earning trust with building owners globally. The company strives to be environmentally friendly throughout the lifecycle of its elevators and escalators by introducing efficient technologies and reducing energy consumption. Mitsubishi Electric can customize high-speed elevators to meet the needs of diverse applications such as offices, hotels, and shopping centers.
Drucegrove have been at the forefront of advance lift technology for many years. They have been designing and manufacturing electronic lift components and products using the minimum of wires, and saving their customers considerable time and expense on installation and maintenance. For more you can visit: http://www.drucegrove.com/
This document provides installation and operation instructions for the Defender Series - IM4 lift truck access control and impact monitoring system. It describes how to install the system components, input threshold values for detecting impacts, and calibrate the onboard weighing scale. The system consists of a digital indicator, wiring harness, and hydraulic pressure transducer. Installation requires mounting the indicator and connecting wires to monitor impacts, control vehicle access, and measure load weight. The instructions provide safety guidelines and detail how to configure settings like timestamps, languages, and impact thresholds.
This is density based traffic light control system using Programmable logic controller(PLC). Then side which have more vehicles(density) will be getting on first. This process will take place according to number of vehicles.
Home Elevator Working Principle With Safety Features.pptxAttico Elevators
The basic working principle behind a Residential elevator is a motor-driven mechanism that slides a platform or cab along a vertical track. Emergency brakes are among the safety elements that provide a controlled descent in the event of a power outage or excessive speed. If the weight limit is exceeded, overload sensors stop the elevator from working. When the elevator is moving, door interlocks secure the doors and keep them from opening unless the cab is at a certain landing. Furthermore, emergency communication technologies facilitate passengers ability to reach assistance in the event of an emergency, guaranteeing a dependable and secure vertical transportation experience within residential environments.
The document describes Electrans' level crossing protection system, which includes a vital controller, shelter, obstacle detection, digital communication, and customizable manual control interface. The system provides trackside equipment like train detection and signals. It also controls road barriers, warning lights, and acoustic signals. Electrans aims to upgrade safety and availability at level crossings by providing all necessary components and leveraging experience since 1977.
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2) Crane operators must know how to use lifting charts and cranes require regular maintenance and inspections according to safety schedules.
3) Cranes have a number of safety devices incorporated in their design including overtravel switches, protections for bare conductors, clearly marked controls, and load indicators.
The document discusses various specialised services in hotels, including waste management, fire safety systems, security systems, HVAC systems, and building management systems. It provides details on types of waste streams and how they are separated and stored. It also describes components of fire safety systems like sprinklers, smoke detectors, and evacuation plans. Security provisions like CCTV, keycard locks, and alarm systems are outlined. Finally, it discusses different HVAC system options for hotel rooms like PTAC, VTAC, and VRF systems.
Automatic Ambulance Detection System in Traffic Signals Using IOTIRJET Journal
This document describes an automatic ambulance detection system using IoT that detects ambulances approaching traffic signals and clears the path. The system uses RF transmitter modules in ambulances and receiver modules at traffic signals. When an ambulance gets within range, pressing an in-ambulance panic button triggers the nearby traffic signal to turn the lane's light green and add a blue light, informing others to clear the way. After the ambulance passes, the signal returns to normal operation. This is designed to help ambulances quickly reach hospitals in emergencies.
Saiprasad Enterprises was established in 2000 and manufactures, trades, retails, imports and wholesales sensors and industrial components. It is also a well-known manufacturer of SPM machines. The company's products include linear slides, pneumatics, actuators and robotic machines that are used across industries such as electrical, automation and engineering. The document further provides details on linear slides, actuators, pick and place robots, special purpose machines, pneumatics, sensors and industrial control panels.
This document provides an overview of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) including their history, components, programming, and applications. It discusses how PLCs were developed to provide flexible, cost-effective control compared to hardwired relay systems. The key components of a PLC including the central processing unit, input/output modules, power supply, and memory are described. Programming of PLCs using ladder logic, function block diagrams and other methods is also covered. Finally, common input and output devices used with PLCs such as switches, encoders and temperature sensors are listed.
This document provides information on Toshiba Elevator and Building Systems Corporation and their new high-speed elevator model, the New ELBRIGHT. The 3-page document includes sections on Toshiba's technology, safety functions, energy saving features, car designs for different applications, hall designs, functions, specifications, and their global network. It describes the New ELBRIGHT's permanent magnet synchronous motor and compact control panel that saves space. Safety functions discussed include car door locking, uncontrolled car movement protection, and overspeed protection. The document also mentions energy saving features like regenerative braking and LED lighting.
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VTME ELEVATOR CONSULTANTS Emergency operations ew nov14
1. Focus on Safety and Emergency Operations
Elevator Emergency Operations
Recommended safety features and how to make an elevator fully compliant with the codes in
effect are discussed.
Passenger elevators play the most important
role in vertical transportation within most
buildings. The design and operational features of
an elevator require thorough review for
predicting the emergency conditions a passenger
could face while traveling in an elevator and
suitable methods to manage such emergency
conditions. Various emergency operational
features have been developed over the years to
keep the passenger fully informed and assured of
complete safety, and to rescue entrapped
passengers. These features have been developed
through user experience, and the development
82
2. of elevator safety codes, international building
codes and life safety codes.
This article discusses various emergency
operational features recommended on modern
elevators. It aims to apprise architects, engineers
and owners of the importance of incorporating
and procuring a fully compliant elevator and
ensuring the safety of elevator users.
Essential Services in Emergency
Conditions
Any emergency condition would require the
continued availability of a safe environment and
effective communication means until the
condition is resolved. For entrapped passengers,
the provision of sufficient lighting, ventilation
and communication means are very essential.
Emergency Power Supply
Depending on its occupancy type, a building
could be provided with various types of low-voltage
power-supply systems, such as “normal,”
by Samson Babu
Continued
All centralized monitoring and communication systems require a protected power supply. These images show elevator
supervisory systems that require an emergency power supply.
6. Lift-Net™ Will Put You In
Touch With Your Elevators!
• State-of-the-Art, Windows-based Elevator and Escalator Monitoring System
• Interfaces with all Relay or Microprocessor Controllers
• Serial Interface with many popular Control Systems
• Can be easily accessed from Remote Locations
• Provides Full-Color Graphic Traffic Analysis, Fault Monitoring
and In-Service Reports
• Provides Security Control, Paging and other Special Features
• Selected Alarms can be triggered from a combination of Programmed Faults
• Replay Feature Available
• Meets and exceeds all Consultant Specifications
• Interfaces with all Internet Protocol Networks or LAN’s
• Ideal for University Campuses, Hospital Complexes, Airports
and Mass Transit Authorities
86
7.
8. emergency light. It disconnects main car lighting and connects
emergency lighting at the press of a button.
Modern elevator car decorations employ innovative car lighting.
Architects prefer to have emergency lighting as part of main car
lighting (instead of a separate emergency light bulb). The interior
decoration takes priority, and, in the process, the factory-supplied
emergency lighting is modified locally by installers using
nonstandard components and circuitry. Reliability of such local
solutions is questionable, and errors are not identified until a real
breakdown happens.
In-Car Features for the Disabled
While under emergency lighting, improved visibility and
communication features are required for trapped passengers with
disabilities. Complying to accessibility standards will help in
meeting the requirements of the disabled. For example, push
buttons with Braille and other tactile markings will help the
visually challenged to identify the intercom/alarm buttons. A
button with a response beep will assure the user of registering a
call. Similarly, providing an induction-loop system will help deliver
emergency messages to users with hearing difficulties. “Call-in-progress”
and “speak now” indicators help the disabled effectively
communicate with the external rescue service.
Alarm button and microphone/speaker locations are critical.
These must match the requirements of users in wheelchairs, in
order to have a clear conversation.
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WUDQVPLVVLRQPDUN
(PHUJHQFDODUPFDOO
UHJLVWUDWLRQPDUN
(l-r) “Call-in-progress” and “Speak now” indicator illumination
Push buttons with tactile and Braille markings
In-Car Ventilation
Car fans typically do not work when an elevator is in a power-failure
condition. This may make some trapped passengers have
difficulty breathing. Natural ventilation slots are provided at the
top and bottom levels of an elevator car to aid in air circulation.
STOP CORROSION
The UNION-GARD 160 SYSTEM
Thousands of installations including the:
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UNION-GARD 160:
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2) 25 years of continuous protection
history
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4) Ease of installation
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Continued
9. However, such ventilation slots are often blocked when elevator
cars are covered with decoration panels. This could make air
circulation impossible. Care should be taken not to block such
ventilation slots on the elevator car shell.
Ventilation slots at the bottom level of an elevator car
In-Car Communication Systems
Reliable communication systems are essential to raise an alarm,
identify the location of an emergency and communicate
emergency requirements clearly to an external rescue service.
Intercom systems with battery-power backup must be provided
with relevant audio/visual indicators to communicate the
requirements clearly. On large projects with many elevators, each
elevator car must be labeled clearly to correctly guide the
emergency-service provider.
A centralized emergency command center should be provided
on large projects. All the elevator cars must be positively linked to
the command center, and proper audio/visual alarm signals must
be provided. Labeling each elevator is mandatory in order to
identify an incoming call. Such centralized intercom systems are
sometimes part of an elevator supervisory panel (watch board),
which functions with a single-phase power supply point. Such
systems must be pre-identified and connected to the emergency
(life safety) power-supply circuit.
In-car visual communication screens/indicators can also be
employed to display emergency messages. If this is the case, it is
especially important the messages are in local languages. Including
an induction-loop system will help the hearing impaired to
converse clearly with the external rescue service.
Where a dedicated, 24/7 emergency management center is
managed by the elevator manufacturer at the project’s location, an
auto dialer should be installed to dial preprogrammed external
service-station numbers. Auto dialers should be self monitoring to
ensure proper operation at all times.
88
10.
11. Passenger Entrapment and Rescue Operations
Even though modern elevator systems have become more
reliable, passenger entrapment is one major emergency condition
in which foolproof systems are necessary. Effective communication
equipment is required to talk to the person(s) trapped inside the
car, advise them of the rescue work in progress and instruct them
during the rescue process.
Centralized intercoms must be labeled for clear identification of the calling
elevator.
A large supervisory panel with a centralized intercom system
When City Power Is Available
Passenger entrapment can occur in both conditions: with
normal power available or during the failure of normal power. The
former could be due to an equipment malfunction, a defective
safety circuit, etc. Elevator machines are generally provided with a
“hand winding wheel/arm” for manual rescue. Hand winding shall
be employed on smaller elevators with gear reduction systems.
However, on large elevators, without gear reduction, the effort to
turn and control the hand wheel is quite high, making it necessary
to use electrical emergency operation means, located within the
machine room.
While decorating the elevator cars, care
should be taken not to block the escape
hatch, but to have an easily operable hatch
on the suspended ceiling, too. Continued
12. Usually, a “hand winding wheel/arm” is removable. The wheel/
arm is located within the machine rooms, and it is installed on the
machine only when required. Here, an electric safety device must
be provided to disconnect elevator power during installation of the
wheel/arm on the machine.
During City Power Failure
When city power fails, elevators are immediately stopped using
the motor brakes, and the passengers are (at least initially) trapped
inside the car. Many modern elevator systems employ “automatic
rescue devices,” which supply battery power to open the brake and
move the car to the closest landing.
The battery charge level of the automatic rescue device should
be monitored to ensure proper operation when needed. In case the
battery charge level is below the minimum recommended, further
elevator operation should be prevented by the electrical design. To
verify the capacity of the automatic rescue device, it is
recommended to move large-capacity elevator cars on battery
power over long distances. Particularly in express elevator shafts,
emergency-rescue openings are provided every 11 m, but their
occurrence sometimes exceeds this distance. In such cases, the
battery bank of the automatic rescue device should be sufficient to
move the cars across these distances.
Some elevator installations utilize “essential power” supplied
from the generator to carry out automatic rescue. On large projects
with many elevators, it is not possible to accommodate all the
elevators within the generator power supply. Due to generator
capacity limitations, it is usual that only a few elevators, at
maximum, in any given building are designed to run under
generator power. However, as opposed to “automatic rescue
devices,” automatic generator power-transfer operation is
90
13.
14. employed to temporarily provide generator power to every
elevator for rescue purposes. This is done in a pre-determined
sequence, one elevator after the other.
While automatic generator power-transfer operation may work
with smaller elevator groups, it will cause considerable concern
with larger elevator groups. For example, consider a large, eight-elevator
group. If the generator power is to be transferred to eight
elevators one after the other, the passengers trapped in the eighth
elevator would have to wait for an extended time and will go
through more trauma than the passengers trapped in the first
elevator. Such operations and the time taken for rescue should be
reviewed in detail. Accordingly, automatic rescue devices must be
employed as the first choice.
Entrapment Due to Unmovable Car
When the elevator car overspeed safety gear has been activated,
the car becomes jammed on the guide rails, and it is no longer
movable. Similarly, the drive sheave could become jammed due to
a mechanical failure, after which the car is not movable. Under the
circumstances, external rescue is carried out through the
Visual indicators being used to display emergency messages.
A removable hand-winding arm with brake release lever
The emergency power-transfer operation switch on an elevator supervisory
panel
Escape hatch on an elevator car roof permanently blocked by the car’s
suspended ceiling
Continued
15. It is preferable for manufacturers to supply a standard
landing door with a proven door-locking mechanism, rather
than fabricating a custom-designed access door and its door
safety lock.
emergency escape hatch on the car roof.
Even though the EN 81-1 code does not
clearly state that an escape hatch is
mandatory on passenger elevators, the
possibility for a car to become stuck
between two landings is possible, making
an escape hatch necessary. Without an
escape hatch, the elevator shell would have
to be forcibly breached to gain access to
the trapped passengers. EN 81-1
recommends a minimum size of 500 X 350
mm.
It is, however, mandatory to provide an
escape hatch if the elevator has been
designated as a firefighters’ elevator. The
required hatch is larger in size (500 X 700
mm) unless the car’s capacity does not
exceed 630 kg, in which case a smaller
400- X 500-mm hatch is allowed.
Even if an escape hatch is provided by
the elevator manufacturer, the interior
decoration of the car and the suspended
ceiling may permanently obstruct the
hatch, rendering it unusable. While
decorating the elevator cars, care should be
taken not to block the escape hatch, but to
have an easily operable hatch on the
suspended ceiling, too.
For express elevators with nonstop
zones, emergency doors must be provided
every 11 m. Such openings should be
properly interlocked with the elevator
safety circuit to prevent elevator operation
in case an emergency-access door is
opened. Ideally, these specifications are the
same for elevator landing doors. It is
preferable for manufacturers to supply a
92
16.
17. standard landing door with a proven
door-locking mechanism, rather than
fabricating a custom-designed access door
and its door safety lock.
Alternatively, car-to-car rescue can be
employed, provided there is an adjacent
car available within a maximum horizontal
distance of 750 mm. However, there is a
possibility that there are separator
(divider) beams between the two cars in
rescue position. The rescuer and the
person(s) being rescued may be required
to cross/climb over the beams and rails in
the way. This is a risky condition and must
be handled appropriately by the rescue
team.
Firefighters’ Emergency
Operation
As a standard of the Firefighters’
Emergency Operation procedure, all the
elevators are provided with Phase 1 recall
(i.e., to recall all the elevators to the main
exit floor) in the case of smoke-detector
activation from the elevator lobby,
hoistway and machine room. The elevators
are then parked at the exit floor to prevent
further usage by the public. On each
building project, designated firefighters’
elevators (Phase 2) are identified and
connected to protected emergency
power-supply systems and central-monitoring
systems at the fire command
center. It must be noted here that the life
safety code NFPA 101 requires that all new
elevators be provided with firefighters’
emergency operation (Phase 2)
requirements.
Firefighters’ elevators are then utilized
by the emergency personnel in
Firefighters’ Operation Phase 2.
Firefighters’ elevators should be connected
to protected emergency power-supply
systems and central monitoring systems at
the fire command center. The NFPA 5000
Building Construction and Safety Code
requires that all high-rise buildings have a
fire command center wherein the essential
status of elevators is monitored, along with
the Phase 1 recall switches and emergency
power-transfer operation switches.
Firefighters’ elevators should be well
protected against water to keep them in
working condition for an extended period
during a firefighting operation. Water
discharged through firefighting hoses and
sprinkler systems could enter the
firefighters’ elevator’s shaft through the
landing-door openings. It is recommended
to raise the door thresholds with a slope
and introduce large floor drains to remove
the excess water.
For the firefighters’ elevators, it is
recommended to waterproof (IPX3
protection at a minimum) electrical
components within a 1-m distance from
landing doors. All pit electrical equipment
within 1 m of the pit floor should be
provided with IP67 protection. Suitable
water-level sensors must be installed in the
elevator pits to ensure the water level in
the pit does not rise more than the level of
a compressed buffer.
Emergency Power Transfer
Operation
Due to limitations in generator power,
only a preselected elevator(s) is provided
with generator power. In such cases, the
International Building Code requires this
power be transferable to any other
elevator(s) within the same group. This
helps improve redundancy. In case the
preselected elevator(s) is unable to run due
to a malfunction, the available emergency
power is transferred to another elevator(s)
within the same group so the rescue/
firefighting operation can still be carried
out.
The design of low-voltage electrical
distribution systems must accommodate
the emergency power transfer operation
Typical arrangement of a Phase 2 Firefighters’ Emergency Operation unit
Continued
18. and include such suitable electrical
hardware as automatic transfer switches.
The elevator controllers will also require
identification signals to differentiate
between normal and emergency power
supply.
Earthquake/Seismic
Emergency Operation
Buildings in seismically active regions
must be provided with seismic detection
systems and, if desired, primary (P-) wave
detection systems. Seismic detection
systems should be placed in the lowest
position of the elevator shaft (i.e., the pit
floor). These systems detect the ground
acceleration (tremors) of an earthquake.
The system interfaces with the elevator
controllers. Upon activation beyond the
preset trigger value, the elevator, if it is at a
landing, is removed from service until the
seismic activation is reset. If the elevator is
in motion, its speed is stopped, and it is
moved slowly to the nearest landing,
avoiding moving toward the
counterweight.
Seismic acceleration due to an
earthquake can also disturb the main
power supply. Elevators must be provided
94
19.
20. with automatic rescue devices to avoid
passengers’ entrapment within the car.
Seismic detection systems should be
provided with enough standby battery
power supply for 24 hours of operation.
The system should be self monitoring, and
its interface with the elevator controller
must be verified every 24 hours.
It is recommended to install
displacement switches on counterweights.
These are activated in case the
counterweight is dislodged from its
position between the guide rails. If an
elevator moves when the counterweight
has come out of the guide rails, it could
come into contact with the car. A loose-hanging
counterweight could also damage
other shaft equipment, ropes and cables.
When activated, the displacement switch
prevents normal operation of the elevator.
P-Wave Sensor Operation
P-waves travel faster and are less
destructive than secondary (S-) waves.
P-waves are detected by the seismic
sensors. S-waves travel slower but cause
greater destruction. Detecting P-waves
could aid in safely offloading elevator
passengers and parking the elevators until
the destructive secondary waves pass
through the building’s location. Seismic
sensors detect extremely small
accelerations due to the P-waves. Both the
seismic detection switches and the seismic
sensors could be integrated with the
elevator supervisory panel at the fire
command center to provide relevant alarm.
Building-Sway Emergency
Operation
High-rise towers more than 200 m and
slender towers more than 150 m tall may
require building-sway emergency
operation. Depending on the location of
the building, the built mass of the tower
and the elasticity of the structure, a
high-rise tower may move under high wind
conditions. Long-lasting earthquakes can
also cause such buildings to vibrate
laterally, causing them to sway. Such
movement sets the tower in oscillation on
its own frequency. Elevator equipment on
such towers (especially compensating
ropes, governor ropes and main
suspension ropes) face the risk of
oscillating (excitation under resonance)
with the building. When the frequency of
the tower’s movement resonates with the
frequency of the ropes and cables, the
amplitude of the oscillation grows and
could build to dangerous levels. High
amplitude of oscillations could cause the
A typical fire command center
Floor drains in an elevator lobby A Seismic Switch, Inc. ground motion detector
A typical counterweight derailment switch
High-rise towers more than
200 m and slender towers
more than 150 m tall may
require building-sway
emergency operation.
Continued
21. Elevators must be provided with many
emergency-operation features to ensure the
complete safety of passengers.
22. 97
rope and cables to slam against other shaft equipment and become
entangled.
During the design stage, a building’s sway properties should be
identified and simulated, along with the elevator equipment’s sway
properties. Zones that cause resonance are to be identified and
marked as risky. Ideal parking positions for the elevator (that do
not cause resonance) are identified.
Structures that require building-sway emergency operation
must be provided with appropriate sensors, such as those for wind
speed and building sway to detect a tower’s movement beyond the
preset threshold value. When a building-sway detector is triggered,
depending on the severity, an elevator’s operational speed is
reduced, and/or calls to risky zones are not accepted, and/or the
elevator is moved to the safe zone and parked, out of service, until
the building-sway trigger is cleared.
Conclusion
Elevators must be provided with many emergency-operation
features to ensure the complete safety of passengers. They must
also be provided with emergency features that reduce and/or
prevent damage to the installation itself. Architects and engineers,
with the help of a specialized elevator consultant, should carefully
evaluate project requirements and identify the implications and
consequences of deleting any emergency operation. Requirements
must be clearly identified early in the planning stage, and
negotiations must be made between the architects, engineers and
project owners to include the maximum amount of safety and
emergency operations to safeguard users and the elevator
installation from the dangers that can be presented in emergency
scenarios.
Samson Babu is technical director at VTME
Vertical Transportation Systems Consultants in
Dubai. He is a mechanical engineer specializing
in vertical-transportation systems and façade-access
equipment. Following his graduation from
Anna University in Chennai, India, in 1994, he
worked on many projects in the Indian and
Persian Gulf markets. Babu is currently involved
in the construction of several high-rise towers
and hotel projects in the Persian Gulf. He can be
contacted at email: sbabu@vtmeconsulting.com.
Illustration of building and rope sway
A sample compensation rope motion graph (x-axis = lateral; y-axis = vertical)