This document is a chapter from Magruder's American Government textbook titled "Voters and Voter Behavior". It is divided into four sections that discuss the history and development of voting rights in the United States. The first section outlines how suffrage has expanded from being limited to white male property owners to nearly all citizens over 18. It also discusses the constitutional limits placed on states' power to set voting requirements. The second section describes the universal requirements of citizenship, residency, and being at least 18 years old. Additional qualifications some states have used include voter registration and literacy tests.
National emergency and centre state relationsShreya Sarkar
Through this presentation, one will have a basic outline of how National Emergency works in India and how it affects the centre-state relations during that period.
National emergency and centre state relationsShreya Sarkar
Through this presentation, one will have a basic outline of how National Emergency works in India and how it affects the centre-state relations during that period.
Understanding Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019, Assam Accord and National Reg...DVSResearchFoundatio
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the webinar shall be to provide a sense of all the commotion around the Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019, its relationship to the Assam Accord and the National Register of Citizens(NRC). In the first part, the webinar traces the evolution of the Citizenship laws in India while providing special focus on the changes envisaged by the Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019. In the second part, it discusses the Assam Accord and its implementation with respect to the NRC. The webinar concludes with the proposed nationwide NRC and its link with National Population Register.
National Register of Citizens (NRC), 1951 is a register prepared after the conduct of the Census of 1951 in respect of each village, showing the houses or holdings in a serial order and indicating against each house or holding the number and names of persons staying therein. The NRC was published only once in 1951. The National Register of Citizens (NRC) contains names of Indian citizens of Assam www.jatinverma.org
Understanding Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019, Assam Accord and National Reg...DVSResearchFoundatio
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the webinar shall be to provide a sense of all the commotion around the Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019, its relationship to the Assam Accord and the National Register of Citizens(NRC). In the first part, the webinar traces the evolution of the Citizenship laws in India while providing special focus on the changes envisaged by the Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019. In the second part, it discusses the Assam Accord and its implementation with respect to the NRC. The webinar concludes with the proposed nationwide NRC and its link with National Population Register.
National Register of Citizens (NRC), 1951 is a register prepared after the conduct of the Census of 1951 in respect of each village, showing the houses or holdings in a serial order and indicating against each house or holding the number and names of persons staying therein. The NRC was published only once in 1951. The National Register of Citizens (NRC) contains names of Indian citizens of Assam www.jatinverma.org
What are the unenforced sections of the Fourteenth Amendment?
Can Kevin McCarthy, Speaker of the House, and the Republicans in the House of Representatives hold the national and world economies hostage over the debt ceiling negotiations?
Can the January 6th rioters be denied the right to hold public office?
Could the representation of the former Confederate states have been reduced when they passed the Jim Crow laws denying black citizens suffrage, or the right to vote?
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https://seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/unenforced-sections-of-the-14th-reconstruction-amendment-public-debt-and-insurrection/
YouTube video: https://youtu.be/GoDYRQzFRhI
Fourteenth Amendment
• Section 1: All persons born and naturalized in the United States are citizens, and all citizens are entitled to due process and equal protection under the law.
• Section 2: NEVER ENFORCED: If a state denies the right to vote to a class of its citizens, its representation for the Presidential Electoral College and the House of Representatives shall be reduced.
• Section 3. ENFORCED ONLY AFTER CIVIL WAR: Anyone guilty of insurrection or rebellion is disqualified from running for public office in not only the federal government, but also state and local elected offices.
• Section 4. NEVER ENFORCED: Ensuring the validity of the public debt of the United States.
We also reflect on:
• How the Confederate states were compelled to adopt these Reconstruction amendments before they were readmitted to the Union.
• Eric Foner’s book on the history of the Reconstruction Amendments, Second Founding.
• Comparing the disputed 1876 Presidential Election to the disputed 2020 Presidential election. How slates of alternate electors were selected by both parties in swing states.
• How Congress formed the Electoral Commission in 1877.
• How the Northern congressmen agreed to withdraw federal troops from the South in exchange for the Southerners agreeing to accept that the Republican candidate for President, Rutherford B Hayes.
• The Amnesty Act of 1872, and whether the 14th Amendment prohibitions applied to Madison Cawthorn or Marjorie Taylor Greene, or MJT.
• How the Supreme Court upheld the prospective application of validating the public debt in Perry v. United States.
• Obama and Biden and the debt ceiling crisis.
• Abraham Lincoln suspending the writ of habeas corpus in Maryland, and the Habeas Corpus Suspension Act of 1863.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
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01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
04062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
4. CHAPTER 6
Voters and Voter Behavior
SECTION 1 The Right to Vote
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6
5. CHAPTER 6
Voters and Voter Behavior
SECTION 1 The Right to Vote
SECTION 2 Voter Qualifications
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6
6. CHAPTER 6
Voters and Voter Behavior
SECTION 1 The Right to Vote
SECTION 2 Voter Qualifications
SECTION 3 Suffrage and Civil Rights
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6
7. CHAPTER 6
Voters and Voter Behavior
SECTION 1 The Right to Vote
SECTION 2 Voter Qualifications
SECTION 3 Suffrage and Civil Rights
SECTION 4 Voter Behavior
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6
10. SECTION 1
The Right to Vote
• How have voting rights changed over time in
the United States?
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
11. SECTION 1
The Right to Vote
• How have voting rights changed over time in
the United States?
• What constitutional restrictions exist on the
States’ power to set voting qualifications?
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
13. The History of Voting Rights
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
14. The History of Voting Rights
• The Framers of the Constitution purposely left the power to
set suffrage qualifications to each State.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
15. The History of Voting Rights
• The Framers of the Constitution purposely left the power to
set suffrage qualifications to each State.
• Suffrage means the right to vote. Franchise is another
term with the same meaning.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
16. The History of Voting Rights
• The Framers of the Constitution purposely left the power to
set suffrage qualifications to each State.
• Suffrage means the right to vote. Franchise is another
term with the same meaning.
• The electorate is all of the people entitled to vote in a given
election.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
17. The History of Voting Rights
• The Framers of the Constitution purposely left the power to
set suffrage qualifications to each State.
• Suffrage means the right to vote. Franchise is another
term with the same meaning.
• The electorate is all of the people entitled to vote in a given
election.
• Initially, the right to vote in America was limited to white
male property owners.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
18. The History of Voting Rights
• The Framers of the Constitution purposely left the power to
set suffrage qualifications to each State.
• Suffrage means the right to vote. Franchise is another
term with the same meaning.
• The electorate is all of the people entitled to vote in a given
election.
• Initially, the right to vote in America was limited to white
male property owners.
• Today, the size of the American electorate is greater
than 200 million people. Nearly all citizens at least 18
years of age can qualify to vote.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
21. Extending Suffrage
The expansion of the electorate to its present size
happened in five fairly distinct stages:
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
22. Extending Suffrage
The expansion of the electorate to its present size
happened in five fairly distinct stages:
1. During the early 1800s, religious, property, and tax payment qualifications were
gradually eliminated.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
23. Extending Suffrage
The expansion of the electorate to its present size
happened in five fairly distinct stages:
1. During the early 1800s, religious, property, and tax payment qualifications were
gradually eliminated.
2. The 15th Amendment (1870) was intended to end race-based voting
requirements.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
24. Extending Suffrage
The expansion of the electorate to its present size
happened in five fairly distinct stages:
1. During the early 1800s, religious, property, and tax payment qualifications were
gradually eliminated.
2. The 15th Amendment (1870) was intended to end race-based voting
requirements.
3. In 1920, the 19th Amendment prohibited the denial of the right to vote
because of sex.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
25. Extending Suffrage
The expansion of the electorate to its present size
happened in five fairly distinct stages:
1. During the early 1800s, religious, property, and tax payment qualifications were
gradually eliminated.
2. The 15th Amendment (1870) was intended to end race-based voting
requirements.
3. In 1920, the 19th Amendment prohibited the denial of the right to vote
because of sex.
4. The 1960s:
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
26. Extending Suffrage
The expansion of the electorate to its present size
happened in five fairly distinct stages:
1. During the early 1800s, religious, property, and tax payment qualifications were
gradually eliminated.
2. The 15th Amendment (1870) was intended to end race-based voting
requirements.
3. In 1920, the 19th Amendment prohibited the denial of the right to vote
because of sex.
4. The 1960s:
• The Voting Rights Act of 1965 guaranteed the right to vote for minorities.
• The 23rd Amendment (1961) granted citizens of the District of Columbia
the right to vote for presidential electors.
• The 24th Amendment (1964) eliminated the poll tax.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
27. Extending Suffrage
The expansion of the electorate to its present size
happened in five fairly distinct stages:
1. During the early 1800s, religious, property, and tax payment qualifications were
gradually eliminated.
2. The 15th Amendment (1870) was intended to end race-based voting
requirements.
3. In 1920, the 19th Amendment prohibited the denial of the right to vote
because of sex.
4. The 1960s:
• The Voting Rights Act of 1965 guaranteed the right to vote for minorities.
• The 23rd Amendment (1961) granted citizens of the District of Columbia
the right to vote for presidential electors.
• The 24th Amendment (1964) eliminated the poll tax.
5. The 26th Amendment (1971) lowered the voting age to 18.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
30. Setting Voter Qualifications
The Constitution sets five limits on the power
that States have to set voter qualifications:
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
31. Setting Voter Qualifications
The Constitution sets five limits on the power
that States have to set voter qualifications:
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
33. Section 1 Review
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
34. Section 1 Review
1. Suffrage in the United States
(a) has been gradually extended to more and more citizens.
(b) is granted to property owners only.
(c) is granted to only women.
(d) has gradually lessened the number of eligible voters.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
35. Section 1 Review
1. Suffrage in the United States
(a) has been gradually extended to more and more citizens.
(b) is granted to property owners only.
(c) is granted to only women.
(d) has gradually lessened the number of eligible voters.
2. The minimum voting age in the United States today is
(a) 21 years of age.
(b) 25 years of age.
(c) 18 years of age.
(d) 16 years of age.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 1
37. • What are the universal requirements for
voting in the United States?
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 2
38. SECTION 2
Voter Qualifications
• What are the universal requirements for
voting in the United States?
• What other requirements have States used
or still use as voter qualifications?
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 2
41. Universal Requirements
There are three factors that States require
people to meet to be eligible to vote.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 2
42. Universal Requirements
There are three factors that States require
people to meet to be eligible to vote.
Citizenship
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 2
43. Universal Requirements
There are three factors that States require
people to meet to be eligible to vote.
Citizenship
• Most States require United States citizenship in order to vote.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 2
44. Universal Requirements
There are three factors that States require
people to meet to be eligible to vote.
Citizenship
• Most States require United States citizenship in order to vote.
Residence
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 2
45. Universal Requirements
There are three factors that States require
people to meet to be eligible to vote.
Citizenship
• Most States require United States citizenship in order to vote.
Residence
• One must be a legal resident of a State to vote in elections.
Most States require residency for minimum amounts of time in
order to vote in the State.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 2
46. Universal Requirements
There are three factors that States require
people to meet to be eligible to vote.
Citizenship
• Most States require United States citizenship in order to vote.
Residence
• One must be a legal resident of a State to vote in elections.
Most States require residency for minimum amounts of time in
order to vote in the State.
Age
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 2
47. Universal Requirements
There are three factors that States require
people to meet to be eligible to vote.
Citizenship
• Most States require United States citizenship in order to vote.
Residence
• One must be a legal resident of a State to vote in elections.
Most States require residency for minimum amounts of time in
order to vote in the State.
Age
• The 26th Amendment requires that no State set a minimum
voting age above 18.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 2
50. Other Qualifications
• All states except North Dakota require citizens to register to
vote. Registration is a procedure of voter identification
intended to prevent fraudulent voting.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 2
51. Other Qualifications
• All states except North Dakota require citizens to register to
vote. Registration is a procedure of voter identification
intended to prevent fraudulent voting.
• Literacy—a person’s ability to read or write—is no longer
required in any State to vote, but had been by several
States at times in our nation’s history.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 2
52. Other Qualifications
• All states except North Dakota require citizens to register to
vote. Registration is a procedure of voter identification
intended to prevent fraudulent voting.
• Literacy—a person’s ability to read or write—is no longer
required in any State to vote, but had been by several
States at times in our nation’s history.
• At one time, poll taxes, or a special tax payment required
to vote, were prevalent in the South. Poll taxes are now
forbidden by the 24th Amendment.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 2
53. Other Qualifications
• All states except North Dakota require citizens to register to
vote. Registration is a procedure of voter identification
intended to prevent fraudulent voting.
• Literacy—a person’s ability to read or write—is no longer
required in any State to vote, but had been by several
States at times in our nation’s history.
• At one time, poll taxes, or a special tax payment required
to vote, were prevalent in the South. Poll taxes are now
forbidden by the 24th Amendment.
• States also have restrictions on the right to vote on
certain members of the population, such as those found
to be mentally incompetent or people convicted of
serious crimes.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 2
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 2
58. Section 2 Review
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 2
59. Section 2 Review
1. The three universal requirements States use for a person to be
eligible to vote are
(a) residence, gender, and income.
(b) citizenship, property ownership, and gender.
(c) citizenship, residence, and age.
(d) income, employment, and age.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 2
60. Section 2 Review
1. The three universal requirements States use for a person to be
eligible to vote are
(a) residence, gender, and income.
(b) citizenship, property ownership, and gender.
(c) citizenship, residence, and age.
(d) income, employment, and age.
2. The 24th Amendment forbids the use of
(a) poll taxes.
(b) alcohol.
(c) literacy tests as a means of voter qualification.
(d) the death penalty.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 2
63. SECTION 3
Suffrage and Civil Rights
• What rights are guaranteed by the 15th
Amendment, and what tactics were used in
the past to circumvent those rights?
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
64. SECTION 3
Suffrage and Civil Rights
• What rights are guaranteed by the 15th
Amendment, and what tactics were used in
the past to circumvent those rights?
• How significant was early civil rights
legislation passed in 1957, 1960, and 1964?
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
65. SECTION 3
Suffrage and Civil Rights
• What rights are guaranteed by the 15th
Amendment, and what tactics were used in
the past to circumvent those rights?
• How significant was early civil rights
legislation passed in 1957, 1960, and 1964?
• What are the provisions and effects of the
Voting Rights Act of 1965?
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
68. The Fifteenth Amendment
The Fifteenth Amendment (1870)
declares that the right to vote
cannot be denied to any citizen
of the United States because of
race, color, or previous condition
of servitude.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
70. Early Civil Rights Legislation
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
71. Early Civil Rights Legislation
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
72. Early Civil Rights Legislation
• Created the United States Civil Rights
Commission
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
73. Early Civil Rights Legislation
• Created the United States Civil Rights
Commission
• Investigated and reported voter discrimination
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
74. Early Civil Rights Legislation
• Created the United States Civil Rights
Commission
• Investigated and reported voter discrimination
• Gave the Attorney General the power to require
federal courts to issue orders to prevent any
interference with a person’s right to vote
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
75. Early Civil Rights Legislation
• Created the United States Civil Rights
Commission
• Investigated and reported voter discrimination
• Gave the Attorney General the power to require
federal courts to issue orders to prevent any
interference with a person’s right to vote
Civil
Rights
Act of
1960
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
76. Early Civil Rights Legislation
• Created the United States Civil Rights
Commission
• Investigated and reported voter discrimination
• Gave the Attorney General the power to require
federal courts to issue orders to prevent any
interference with a person’s right to vote
Civil
Rights
Act of
1960
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
77. Early Civil Rights Legislation
• Created the United States Civil Rights
Commission
• Investigated and reported voter discrimination
• Gave the Attorney General the power to require
federal courts to issue orders to prevent any
interference with a person’s right to vote
Civil
Rights
Act of • Created federal voting referees who helped
correct conditions to prevent voter discrimination
1960
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
78. Early Civil Rights Legislation
• Created the United States Civil Rights
Civil Rights Commission
Act of • Investigated and reported voter discrimination
1957
• Gave the Attorney General the power to require
federal courts to issue orders to prevent any
interference with a person’s right to vote
Civil
Rights
Act of • Created federal voting referees who helped
correct conditions to prevent voter discrimination
1960
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
80. The Civil Rights Act of 1964
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
81. The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Law
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
82. The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Law
• More far-reaching than the
Civil Rights Acts of 1957
and 1960, the Civil Rights
Act of 1964 abolished the
use of voter registration or a
literacy requirement to
discriminate against any
voter.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
83. The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Law
• More far-reaching than the
Civil Rights Acts of 1957
and 1960, the Civil Rights
Act of 1964 abolished the
use of voter registration or a
literacy requirement to
discriminate against any
voter.
• Its enforcement relied on
judicial action and the use of
injunctions—court orders
that either force or restrain
specific acts.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
84. The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Law The Aftermath
• More far-reaching than the
Civil Rights Acts of 1957
and 1960, the Civil Rights
Act of 1964 abolished the
use of voter registration or a
literacy requirement to
discriminate against any
voter.
• Its enforcement relied on
judicial action and the use of
injunctions—court orders
that either force or restrain
specific acts.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
85. The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Law The Aftermath
• More far-reaching than the • The violent response of
civilians and police and state
Civil Rights Acts of 1957 troopers to a voter
and 1960, the Civil Rights registration drive mounted by
Act of 1964 abolished the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in
Selma, Alabama showed that
use of voter registration or a the Civil Rights Acts of 1957,
literacy requirement to 1960 and 1964 were still not
enough to ensure voter
discriminate against any equality.
voter.
• Its enforcement relied on
judicial action and the use of
injunctions—court orders
that either force or restrain
specific acts.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
86. The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Law The Aftermath
• More far-reaching than the • The violent response of
civilians and police and state
Civil Rights Acts of 1957 troopers to a voter
and 1960, the Civil Rights registration drive mounted by
Act of 1964 abolished the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in
Selma, Alabama showed that
use of voter registration or a the Civil Rights Acts of 1957,
literacy requirement to 1960 and 1964 were still not
enough to ensure voter
discriminate against any equality.
voter.
• Its enforcement relied on
judicial action and the use of
injunctions—court orders
that either force or restrain
specific acts.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
94. Section 3 Review
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
95. Section 3 Review
1. The Fifteenth Amendment
(a) protects the voting right of adult male citizens of every race.
(b) gives women the right to vote.
(c) forbids denying any citizen under the age of 18 the right to vote.
(d) calls for members of the U.S. Senate to be elected directly by the people.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
96. Section 3 Review
1. The Fifteenth Amendment
(a) protects the voting right of adult male citizens of every race.
(b) gives women the right to vote.
(c) forbids denying any citizen under the age of 18 the right to vote.
(d) calls for members of the U.S. Senate to be elected directly by the people.
2. Which piece of Civil Rights legislation was the most effective and
influential?
(a) The Civil Rights Act of 1957
(b) The Civil Rights Act of 1960
(c) The Civil Rights Act of 1964
(d) The Voting Rights Act of 1965
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 3
99. SECTION 4
Voter Behavior
• What is the nonvoting problem and what is its
scope?
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
100. SECTION 4
Voter Behavior
• What is the nonvoting problem and what is its
scope?
• Why do people not vote?
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
101. SECTION 4
Voter Behavior
• What is the nonvoting problem and what is its
scope?
• Why do people not vote?
• How can we compare the voting behavior of
voters and nonvoters?
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
102. SECTION 4
Voter Behavior
• What is the nonvoting problem and what is its
scope?
• Why do people not vote?
• How can we compare the voting behavior of
voters and nonvoters?
• What are the sociological and psychological
factors that affect voting?
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
104. Nonvoters
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
105. Nonvoters
• Millions of Americans do not vote when elections
are held.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
106. Nonvoters
• Millions of Americans do not vote when elections
are held.
• Only 50.1 percent of eligible voters cast ballots in
the 2000 presidential election, and only 46.3
percent of the electorate voted for the members of
the House of Representatives.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
107. Nonvoters
• Millions of Americans do not vote when elections
are held.
• Only 50.1 percent of eligible voters cast ballots in
the 2000 presidential election, and only 46.3
percent of the electorate voted for the members of
the House of Representatives.
• Voter turnout significantly decreases in off-year
elections, congressional elections held in years
when there is no presidential election.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
109. Why People Do Not Vote
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
110. Why People Do Not Vote
• Some people cannot vote for various reasons,
such as physical or mental illness, unexpected
travel, and resident alien citizenship status.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
111. Why People Do Not Vote
• Some people cannot vote for various reasons,
such as physical or mental illness, unexpected
travel, and resident alien citizenship status.
• However, most nonvoters do not vote because
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
112. Why People Do Not Vote
• Some people cannot vote for various reasons,
such as physical or mental illness, unexpected
travel, and resident alien citizenship status.
• However, most nonvoters do not vote because
• voting is in some way inconvenient,
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
113. Why People Do Not Vote
• Some people cannot vote for various reasons,
such as physical or mental illness, unexpected
travel, and resident alien citizenship status.
• However, most nonvoters do not vote because
• voting is in some way inconvenient,
• they do not believe that their vote will make a difference,
or
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
114. Why People Do Not Vote
• Some people cannot vote for various reasons,
such as physical or mental illness, unexpected
travel, and resident alien citizenship status.
• However, most nonvoters do not vote because
• voting is in some way inconvenient,
• they do not believe that their vote will make a difference,
or
• they distrust politics and political candidates.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
116. Voters and Voting Behavior
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
117. Voters and Voting Behavior
Voting is studied more than any other form of political
participation in the United States. We learn about voting
behavior from:
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
118. Voters and Voting Behavior
Voting is studied more than any other form of political
participation in the United States. We learn about voting
behavior from:
• The results of elections—information can be gleaned by studying the
results of confidential voting compared to the population make-up of a particular
sector
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
119. Voters and Voting Behavior
Voting is studied more than any other form of political
participation in the United States. We learn about voting
behavior from:
• The results of elections—information can be gleaned by studying the
results of confidential voting compared to the population make-up of a particular
sector
• The field of survey research—data can be gathered by conducting
polls across specific cross sections of the population, as the Gallup
Organization does
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
120. Voters and Voting Behavior
Voting is studied more than any other form of political
participation in the United States. We learn about voting
behavior from:
• The results of elections—information can be gleaned by studying the
results of confidential voting compared to the population make-up of a particular
sector
• The field of survey research—data can be gathered by conducting
polls across specific cross sections of the population, as the Gallup
Organization does
• Studies of political socialization—studying political
socialization, the process by which people gain their political attitudes and
opinions, can also be useful in predicting voting behavior
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
123. Sociological Factors
Voter preferences can’t be predicted by just
one sociological factor. Voter opinion is a
combination of all of these factors and more.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
124. Sociological Factors
Voter preferences can’t be predicted by just
one sociological factor. Voter opinion is a
combination of all of these factors and more.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
127. Psychological Factors
Voters’ perceptions of their party, the candidates, and the issues
significantly affects their voting.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
128. Psychological Factors
Voters’ perceptions of their party, the candidates, and the issues
significantly affects their voting.
Party Identification
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
129. Psychological Factors
Voters’ perceptions of their party, the candidates, and the issues
significantly affects their voting.
Party Identification
• The loyalty of people to a
particular political party is the
single most significant and
lasting predictor of how a
person will vote.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
130. Psychological Factors
Voters’ perceptions of their party, the candidates, and the issues
significantly affects their voting.
Party Identification Candidates and Issues
• The loyalty of people to a
particular political party is the
single most significant and
lasting predictor of how a
person will vote.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
131. Psychological Factors
Voters’ perceptions of their party, the candidates, and the issues
significantly affects their voting.
Party Identification Candidates and Issues
• The loyalty of people to a • Candidates and issues are
two short-term factors that
particular political party is the can influence even the most
single most significant and loyal Democrat or
lasting predictor of how a Republican. People may
vote out of their chosen party
person will vote. if they dislike a candidate or
the party’s stand on a
particular issue.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
133. Section 4 Review
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
134. Section 4 Review
1. The reason why most nonvoters do not vote is
(a) they are too ill.
(b) they believe that their vote will not matter.
(c) they are not officially United States citizens.
(d) they are unexpectedly out of town on election day.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4
135. Section 4 Review
1. The reason why most nonvoters do not vote is
(a) they are too ill.
(b) they believe that their vote will not matter.
(c) they are not officially United States citizens.
(d) they are unexpectedly out of town on election day.
2. Voters’ choices are affected by
(a) their income and occupation.
(b) their education.
(c) their religious and ethnic background.
(d) all of the above.
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Section: 1 2 3 4 Chapter 6, Section 4