This work includes the establishment of a Photovoltaic system connected to the grid by means of an inverter. The fundamental goal of the work is to incorporate an advanced active power flow management scheme in order to adopt load at any weather condition along with the advantage of maximum active power flow and zero harmonics from PV inverter to the grid. The outcome of analysis and control design of grid connected PV inverter using a Proportional-Integral (PI) control technique is based on synchronous dq rotating reference frame so as to achieve maximum output voltage and record the active power. It has been observed that the model provides a better rate of stability as compared to the existing topology.
A review on SVC control for power system stability with and without auxiliary...journalBEEI
Since the beginning of the last century, power system stability has been recognized as a vital problem in securing system operation. Power system instability has caused many major blackouts. This paper reviewed the previous technical works consisting of various methods of optimization in controlling power system stability. The techniques presented were compared to optimize the control variables for optimization of power system stability. Power system stability enhancement has been investigated widely in literature using different ways. This paper is focusing on SVC performance for enhancing power system stability either through SVC controlled itself or SVC controlled externally by other controllers. Static VAR compensators (SVCs) are used primarily in power system for voltage control as either an end in itself or a means of achieving other objectives, such as system stabilization.The analysis on performance of the previous work such as advantages and findings of a robust method approach in each technique was included in this paper.
Design Fuzzy-PI Based Controller for Load Frequency Control of Thermal - Ther...ijtsrd
This paper presents how to design proportional integral controller and Fuzzy-PI based controller for efficiently load frequency control. Loads on the electrical system always vary in relation to that time, which results in diversity of frequency, causing frequency control problems to be loaded. The frequency difference is highly undesirable and the maximum allowable difference in frequency is ± 0.5 Hz. This paper load frequency control is done by PI controller, which is a conventional controller. This type of controller is slow and the controller does not allow the designer to keep in mind the potential change in operating conditions and non-linearity in the generator unit. To overcome these flaws, new intelligent controllers like Fuzzy-PI Controller are presented to extinguish tie-line power due to deviation in frequency and various load disturbances. The effectiveness of the proposed controller has been confirmed using the MATLAB SIMULINK software. The results show that the PI-fuzzy controller provides fast response, little undershoots and negligible overshoot with small state transfer time to reach the final stable position. Ajay Kumar Maurya | Dr. G. K. Banerjee | Dr. Piush Kumar "Design Fuzzy-PI Based Controller for Load Frequency Control of Thermal - Thermal Area Interconnected Power System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19164.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/19164/design-fuzzy-pi-based-controller-for-load-frequency-control-of-thermal---thermal-area-interconnected-power-system/ajay-kumar-maurya
This slide presents the control aspects of Energy Storage System in Microgrid. Later I will discuss about the control strategy with integration to DGs and EVs.
Fixed-time observer-based distributed secondary voltage and frequency control...IJECEIAES
This paper deals with the problem of voltage and frequency control of distributed generators (DGs) in AC islanded microgrids. The main motivation of this work is to obviate the shortcomings of conventional centralized and distributed control of microgrids by providing a better alternative control strategy with better control performance than state-of-the art approaches. A distributed secondary control protocol based on a novel fixed-time observer-based feedback control method is designed for fixed-time frequency and voltage reference tracking and disturbance rejection. Compared to the existing secondary microgrid controllers, the proposed control strategy ensures frequency and voltage reference tracking and disturbance rejection before the desired fixed-time despite the microgrid initial conditions, parameters uncertainties and the unknown disturbances. Also, the controllers design and tuning is simple, straightforward and model-free.i.e, the knowledge of the microgrid parameters, topology, loads or transmission lines impedance are not needed in the design procedure. The use of distributed control approach enhances the reliability of the system by making the control system geographically distributed along with the power sources, by using the neighboring DGs informations instead of the DG’s local informations only and by cooperatively rejecting external disturbances and maintaining the frequency and the voltage at their reference values at any point of the microgrid. The efficiency of the proposed approach is verified by comparing its performance in reference tracking and its robustness to load power variations to some of the works in literature that addressed distributed secondary voltage and frequency control.
This work includes the establishment of a Photovoltaic system connected to the grid by means of an inverter. The fundamental goal of the work is to incorporate an advanced active power flow management scheme in order to adopt load at any weather condition along with the advantage of maximum active power flow and zero harmonics from PV inverter to the grid. The outcome of analysis and control design of grid connected PV inverter using a Proportional-Integral (PI) control technique is based on synchronous dq rotating reference frame so as to achieve maximum output voltage and record the active power. It has been observed that the model provides a better rate of stability as compared to the existing topology.
A review on SVC control for power system stability with and without auxiliary...journalBEEI
Since the beginning of the last century, power system stability has been recognized as a vital problem in securing system operation. Power system instability has caused many major blackouts. This paper reviewed the previous technical works consisting of various methods of optimization in controlling power system stability. The techniques presented were compared to optimize the control variables for optimization of power system stability. Power system stability enhancement has been investigated widely in literature using different ways. This paper is focusing on SVC performance for enhancing power system stability either through SVC controlled itself or SVC controlled externally by other controllers. Static VAR compensators (SVCs) are used primarily in power system for voltage control as either an end in itself or a means of achieving other objectives, such as system stabilization.The analysis on performance of the previous work such as advantages and findings of a robust method approach in each technique was included in this paper.
Design Fuzzy-PI Based Controller for Load Frequency Control of Thermal - Ther...ijtsrd
This paper presents how to design proportional integral controller and Fuzzy-PI based controller for efficiently load frequency control. Loads on the electrical system always vary in relation to that time, which results in diversity of frequency, causing frequency control problems to be loaded. The frequency difference is highly undesirable and the maximum allowable difference in frequency is ± 0.5 Hz. This paper load frequency control is done by PI controller, which is a conventional controller. This type of controller is slow and the controller does not allow the designer to keep in mind the potential change in operating conditions and non-linearity in the generator unit. To overcome these flaws, new intelligent controllers like Fuzzy-PI Controller are presented to extinguish tie-line power due to deviation in frequency and various load disturbances. The effectiveness of the proposed controller has been confirmed using the MATLAB SIMULINK software. The results show that the PI-fuzzy controller provides fast response, little undershoots and negligible overshoot with small state transfer time to reach the final stable position. Ajay Kumar Maurya | Dr. G. K. Banerjee | Dr. Piush Kumar "Design Fuzzy-PI Based Controller for Load Frequency Control of Thermal - Thermal Area Interconnected Power System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19164.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/19164/design-fuzzy-pi-based-controller-for-load-frequency-control-of-thermal---thermal-area-interconnected-power-system/ajay-kumar-maurya
This slide presents the control aspects of Energy Storage System in Microgrid. Later I will discuss about the control strategy with integration to DGs and EVs.
Fixed-time observer-based distributed secondary voltage and frequency control...IJECEIAES
This paper deals with the problem of voltage and frequency control of distributed generators (DGs) in AC islanded microgrids. The main motivation of this work is to obviate the shortcomings of conventional centralized and distributed control of microgrids by providing a better alternative control strategy with better control performance than state-of-the art approaches. A distributed secondary control protocol based on a novel fixed-time observer-based feedback control method is designed for fixed-time frequency and voltage reference tracking and disturbance rejection. Compared to the existing secondary microgrid controllers, the proposed control strategy ensures frequency and voltage reference tracking and disturbance rejection before the desired fixed-time despite the microgrid initial conditions, parameters uncertainties and the unknown disturbances. Also, the controllers design and tuning is simple, straightforward and model-free.i.e, the knowledge of the microgrid parameters, topology, loads or transmission lines impedance are not needed in the design procedure. The use of distributed control approach enhances the reliability of the system by making the control system geographically distributed along with the power sources, by using the neighboring DGs informations instead of the DG’s local informations only and by cooperatively rejecting external disturbances and maintaining the frequency and the voltage at their reference values at any point of the microgrid. The efficiency of the proposed approach is verified by comparing its performance in reference tracking and its robustness to load power variations to some of the works in literature that addressed distributed secondary voltage and frequency control.
Optimal parameters of inverter-based microgrid to improve transient response IJECEIAES
The inertia issues in a microgrid can be improved by modifying the inverter control strategies to represent a virtual inertia simulation. This method employs the droop control strategy commonly used to share the power of a load among different power sources in the microgrid. This paper utilizes a modified droop control that represents this virtual inertia and applies an optimization algorithm to determine the optimal parameters and improve transient response. The results show better control when different variations are presented in the loads, leading the microgrid to have a better control of the operation. The optimization method applied in this research allows improvement to the transient response, thus avoiding unnecessary blackouts in the microgrid.
The aim of this paper is to prove that fuzzy logic algorithm is a suitable control technique for fast processes such as electrical machines. This theory has been experimented on different kinds of electrical machines such as stepping motors, dc motors and induction machines (with 6 phases) and the experimental results show that the proposed fuzzy logic algorithm is the most suitable control technique for electrical machines since this algorithm is not time consuming and it is also robust between plant parameters variations.
Coordination of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Type-2 Fuzz...IJECEIAES
Intelligent control included ANFIS and type-2 fuzzy (T2FLS) controllers grown-up rapidly and these controllers are applied successfully in power system control. Meanwhile, small signal stability problem appear in a largescale power system (LSPS) due to load fluctuation. If this problem persists, and can not be solved, it will develop blackout on the LSPS. How to improve the LSPS stability due to load fluctuation is done in this research by coordinating of PSS based on ANFIS and T2FLS. The ANFIS parameters are obtained automatically by training process. Meanwhile, the T2FLS parameters are determined based on the knowledge that obtained from the ANFIS parameters. Input membership function (MF) of the ANFIS is 5 Gaussian MFs. On the other hand, input MF of the T2FLS is 3 Gaussian MFs. Results show that the T2FLS-PSS is able to maintain the stability by decreasing peak overshoot for rotor speed and angle. The T2FLS-PSS makes the settling time is shorter for rotor speed and angle on local mode oscillation as well as on inter-area oscillation than conventional/ ANFIS-PSS. Also, the T2FLS-PSS gives better performance than the other PSS when tested on single disturbance and multiple disturbances.
Adaptive Fuzzy PI Current Control of Grid Interact PV Inverter IJECEIAES
Now a day‟s, Photo Voltaic (PV) power generation rapidly increasing. This power generation highly depending on the temperature and irradiation. When this power interface with grid through the voltage source inverter with PI controller. Its gains should be updated due to the parametric changes for the better performance. In This Work Fuzzy Controller updates the gains of the proportional integral (PI)s Controller under variable parametric conditions. the gaines of the PI Controller are updated based on the error current and change in error current through the fuzzy controller. The error current in direct and quadrature frame are the Inputs to the PI controller. The PI Controller generates the reference voltage to the pulse width modulation technique. Here reference voltage is compared with the carrier signal to generate the pulses to the 3-Ph Inverter connected to the grid. This controller has given well dynamic response with less steady state error and also given The less THD of the grid current compared to the PI and Fuzzy controller.It Is implemented and verified in MATLAB Simulink.
These slides presents an introduction to distributed generators integration in distribution system. Later its modelling, control, protection aspects will be presented.
NARMA-L2 Controller for Five-Area Load Frequency Controlijeei-iaes
This paper investigates the load-frequency control (LFC) based on neural network for improving power system dynamic performance. In this paper an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)based controller is presented for the Load Frequency Control (LFC) of a five area interconnected power system. The controller is adaptive and is based on a nonlinear auto regressive moving average (NARMA-L2) algorithm. The working of the conventional controller and ANN based NARMA L2 controllers is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK package.. The Simulink link results of both the controllers are compared.
SYNCHROPHASOR DATA BASED INTELLIGENT ALGORITHM FOR REAL TIME EVENT DETECTION ...IAEME Publication
The wide area measurement system (WAMS) has been installed at several locations in power system. Phasor measurements units (PMU) are considered as the building blocks of WAMS are being installed at various locations of power system. PMU is sending very large volume of data to Power system control center with the sampling rate of 50 or 25 samples per second. However there are always several events per day occurring in the system but the rate at which data is received and the volume of data to be analyzed is a big challenge for power system engineer. There is a need for developing an intelligent system to handle large volume of Synchrophasor data and identify Power system event in the present context. This paper presents an intelligent algorithm to automatically detect such events using wide area measurements in real time. In this work, Synchrophasor measurements received from PMU are fed to KNN based pattern recognition algorithm which is used to identify the Power system events. The severity and the type of the event can be judged through the change in voltage magnitude and phase angle at various buses. The developed algorithm is tested for IEEE 14 bus system and results are verified.
Generally, Electronic Load Control (ELC) used in micro hydro power plant (MHPP) to controls the voltage between consumer load and a dummy load, still detects one parameter voltage or frequency generator only. Whereas in reality, any changes in the load on consumers, generator voltage and frequency also changed. When the consumer load down the electric current will be supplied to the dummy load, amounting to decrease in consumer load. When there is a transfer load, there will be distortion voltage and frequency, thus a special methods to reduce distortions by speeding up the process of transferring the electric load is needed. The proposed of this study is using fuzzy logic algorithm.To realize such a system, a comparison tool model of load control digital electronic fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and Proportional Integrator (PI) is required. This modeling using matlab program to simulate, the simulation result shows that the ELC based on fuzzy logic controller is better than conventional PI control, it seen from fast response to steady state condition.
Voltage Stability Assessment using Phasor Measurement Units in Power Network ...Satyendra Singh
This paper presents the assessment methodology for
voltage stability using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) with
complete system observability. For full power system
observability, the PMU placement is considered with and without
conventional power flow as well as injection measurement such
that minimum number of PMU’s is used. Data obtained by
PMU’s are used for voltage stability assessment with the help of
L-Index. As the PMU gives real time voltage and current phasors
and L-index is dependent on voltage and admittance values, thus
the L-index so obtained can be used as real time voltage stability
indicator. The case study has been carried out on IEEE-14 bus
system.
A cost effective computational design of maximum power point tracking for pho...IJECEIAES
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is one of the essential controller operations of any Photo-Voltaic (PV) cell design. Developing an efficient MPPT system includes a significant challenge as there are various forms of uncertainty factors that results in higher degree of fluctuation in current and voltage in PV cell. After reviewing existing system, it has been found that there is no presence of any benchmarked model to ensure a better form of computational model. Hence, this paper presents a novel and very simple design of MPPT without using any form of complex design mechanism nor including any form of frequently used iterative approach. The proposed model is completely focused on developing an algorithm that takes the input of voltage (open circuit), current (short circuit), and max power in order to obtain the peak power to be extracted from the PV cells. The study outcome shows faster response time and better form of analysis of current-voltage-power for given state of PV cells.
Power quality is a concern for utility and grid operators due to a large penetration of intermittent and stochastic renewable power generation sources. One of the major concerns, when designing and controlling grid-feeding photovoltaic (PV) inverters is meeting the grid requirements. International grid requirements demand low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability and maintaining grid functionality during fault conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive review for several control techniques to assure the LVRT capability of grid-feeding converters as well as discussing their respective advantages and limitations in detail. Areas for further research are identified afterwards. Finally, the conclusion gives a brief summary and critique of the findings.
Design and Analysis of PID and Fuzzy-PID Controller for Voltage Control of DC...Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt
DC microgrids are desired to provide the electricity for the remote areas which are far from the main grid. The microgrid creates the open horizontal environment to interconnect the distributed generation especially photovoltaic (PV). The stochastic nature of the PV output power introduces the large fluctuations of the power and voltage in the microgrid and forced to introduce the controller for voltage stability. There are many control strategies to control the voltage of a DC microgrid in the literature. In this paper the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and fuzzy logic PID (FL-PID) controller has been designed and compared in term of performance. Performance measures like maximum overshoot and settling time of FL-PID compared with the PID proved that the former is better controller. The controllers are designed and simulated in the MATLAB programming environment. The controllers has been tested for the real time data obtained from Pecan Street Project, University of Texas at Austin USA.
Improvement of Power System Oscillation by using Coordinated Control Plan for...ijtsrd
This thesis work introduces the control of the coordinates of PSS and STATCOM to damp the inter field oscillations of the multi machine system. In previous eras, PSS was used as a local controller in multi machine systems to dampen such oscillations between fields. Reactive FACTS devices, such as synchronous static compensators STATCOM are taken into account and evaluated for their design of a damping controller. STATCOM is a reactive power compensator based on a voltage source converter that uses electronic power devices with stop capacity as switching devices. Its main function is to support the voltage of the bus from which it is connected to the system by providing a quick response to the delivery or absorption of reactive power. In order to dampen the power oscillations, the power oscillation damping function POD must be used, in which its output is summed with the voltage reference at the input of STATCOM. Gautam Kumar | Prof. Girraj Solanki "Improvement of Power System Oscillation by using Coordinated Control Plan for PSS and STATCOM Devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30923.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/30923/improvement-of-power-system-oscillation-by-using-coordinated-control-plan-for-pss-and-statcom-devices/gautam-kumar
Optimal parameters of inverter-based microgrid to improve transient response IJECEIAES
The inertia issues in a microgrid can be improved by modifying the inverter control strategies to represent a virtual inertia simulation. This method employs the droop control strategy commonly used to share the power of a load among different power sources in the microgrid. This paper utilizes a modified droop control that represents this virtual inertia and applies an optimization algorithm to determine the optimal parameters and improve transient response. The results show better control when different variations are presented in the loads, leading the microgrid to have a better control of the operation. The optimization method applied in this research allows improvement to the transient response, thus avoiding unnecessary blackouts in the microgrid.
The aim of this paper is to prove that fuzzy logic algorithm is a suitable control technique for fast processes such as electrical machines. This theory has been experimented on different kinds of electrical machines such as stepping motors, dc motors and induction machines (with 6 phases) and the experimental results show that the proposed fuzzy logic algorithm is the most suitable control technique for electrical machines since this algorithm is not time consuming and it is also robust between plant parameters variations.
Coordination of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Type-2 Fuzz...IJECEIAES
Intelligent control included ANFIS and type-2 fuzzy (T2FLS) controllers grown-up rapidly and these controllers are applied successfully in power system control. Meanwhile, small signal stability problem appear in a largescale power system (LSPS) due to load fluctuation. If this problem persists, and can not be solved, it will develop blackout on the LSPS. How to improve the LSPS stability due to load fluctuation is done in this research by coordinating of PSS based on ANFIS and T2FLS. The ANFIS parameters are obtained automatically by training process. Meanwhile, the T2FLS parameters are determined based on the knowledge that obtained from the ANFIS parameters. Input membership function (MF) of the ANFIS is 5 Gaussian MFs. On the other hand, input MF of the T2FLS is 3 Gaussian MFs. Results show that the T2FLS-PSS is able to maintain the stability by decreasing peak overshoot for rotor speed and angle. The T2FLS-PSS makes the settling time is shorter for rotor speed and angle on local mode oscillation as well as on inter-area oscillation than conventional/ ANFIS-PSS. Also, the T2FLS-PSS gives better performance than the other PSS when tested on single disturbance and multiple disturbances.
Adaptive Fuzzy PI Current Control of Grid Interact PV Inverter IJECEIAES
Now a day‟s, Photo Voltaic (PV) power generation rapidly increasing. This power generation highly depending on the temperature and irradiation. When this power interface with grid through the voltage source inverter with PI controller. Its gains should be updated due to the parametric changes for the better performance. In This Work Fuzzy Controller updates the gains of the proportional integral (PI)s Controller under variable parametric conditions. the gaines of the PI Controller are updated based on the error current and change in error current through the fuzzy controller. The error current in direct and quadrature frame are the Inputs to the PI controller. The PI Controller generates the reference voltage to the pulse width modulation technique. Here reference voltage is compared with the carrier signal to generate the pulses to the 3-Ph Inverter connected to the grid. This controller has given well dynamic response with less steady state error and also given The less THD of the grid current compared to the PI and Fuzzy controller.It Is implemented and verified in MATLAB Simulink.
These slides presents an introduction to distributed generators integration in distribution system. Later its modelling, control, protection aspects will be presented.
NARMA-L2 Controller for Five-Area Load Frequency Controlijeei-iaes
This paper investigates the load-frequency control (LFC) based on neural network for improving power system dynamic performance. In this paper an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)based controller is presented for the Load Frequency Control (LFC) of a five area interconnected power system. The controller is adaptive and is based on a nonlinear auto regressive moving average (NARMA-L2) algorithm. The working of the conventional controller and ANN based NARMA L2 controllers is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK package.. The Simulink link results of both the controllers are compared.
SYNCHROPHASOR DATA BASED INTELLIGENT ALGORITHM FOR REAL TIME EVENT DETECTION ...IAEME Publication
The wide area measurement system (WAMS) has been installed at several locations in power system. Phasor measurements units (PMU) are considered as the building blocks of WAMS are being installed at various locations of power system. PMU is sending very large volume of data to Power system control center with the sampling rate of 50 or 25 samples per second. However there are always several events per day occurring in the system but the rate at which data is received and the volume of data to be analyzed is a big challenge for power system engineer. There is a need for developing an intelligent system to handle large volume of Synchrophasor data and identify Power system event in the present context. This paper presents an intelligent algorithm to automatically detect such events using wide area measurements in real time. In this work, Synchrophasor measurements received from PMU are fed to KNN based pattern recognition algorithm which is used to identify the Power system events. The severity and the type of the event can be judged through the change in voltage magnitude and phase angle at various buses. The developed algorithm is tested for IEEE 14 bus system and results are verified.
Generally, Electronic Load Control (ELC) used in micro hydro power plant (MHPP) to controls the voltage between consumer load and a dummy load, still detects one parameter voltage or frequency generator only. Whereas in reality, any changes in the load on consumers, generator voltage and frequency also changed. When the consumer load down the electric current will be supplied to the dummy load, amounting to decrease in consumer load. When there is a transfer load, there will be distortion voltage and frequency, thus a special methods to reduce distortions by speeding up the process of transferring the electric load is needed. The proposed of this study is using fuzzy logic algorithm.To realize such a system, a comparison tool model of load control digital electronic fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and Proportional Integrator (PI) is required. This modeling using matlab program to simulate, the simulation result shows that the ELC based on fuzzy logic controller is better than conventional PI control, it seen from fast response to steady state condition.
Voltage Stability Assessment using Phasor Measurement Units in Power Network ...Satyendra Singh
This paper presents the assessment methodology for
voltage stability using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) with
complete system observability. For full power system
observability, the PMU placement is considered with and without
conventional power flow as well as injection measurement such
that minimum number of PMU’s is used. Data obtained by
PMU’s are used for voltage stability assessment with the help of
L-Index. As the PMU gives real time voltage and current phasors
and L-index is dependent on voltage and admittance values, thus
the L-index so obtained can be used as real time voltage stability
indicator. The case study has been carried out on IEEE-14 bus
system.
A cost effective computational design of maximum power point tracking for pho...IJECEIAES
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is one of the essential controller operations of any Photo-Voltaic (PV) cell design. Developing an efficient MPPT system includes a significant challenge as there are various forms of uncertainty factors that results in higher degree of fluctuation in current and voltage in PV cell. After reviewing existing system, it has been found that there is no presence of any benchmarked model to ensure a better form of computational model. Hence, this paper presents a novel and very simple design of MPPT without using any form of complex design mechanism nor including any form of frequently used iterative approach. The proposed model is completely focused on developing an algorithm that takes the input of voltage (open circuit), current (short circuit), and max power in order to obtain the peak power to be extracted from the PV cells. The study outcome shows faster response time and better form of analysis of current-voltage-power for given state of PV cells.
Power quality is a concern for utility and grid operators due to a large penetration of intermittent and stochastic renewable power generation sources. One of the major concerns, when designing and controlling grid-feeding photovoltaic (PV) inverters is meeting the grid requirements. International grid requirements demand low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability and maintaining grid functionality during fault conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive review for several control techniques to assure the LVRT capability of grid-feeding converters as well as discussing their respective advantages and limitations in detail. Areas for further research are identified afterwards. Finally, the conclusion gives a brief summary and critique of the findings.
Design and Analysis of PID and Fuzzy-PID Controller for Voltage Control of DC...Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt
DC microgrids are desired to provide the electricity for the remote areas which are far from the main grid. The microgrid creates the open horizontal environment to interconnect the distributed generation especially photovoltaic (PV). The stochastic nature of the PV output power introduces the large fluctuations of the power and voltage in the microgrid and forced to introduce the controller for voltage stability. There are many control strategies to control the voltage of a DC microgrid in the literature. In this paper the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and fuzzy logic PID (FL-PID) controller has been designed and compared in term of performance. Performance measures like maximum overshoot and settling time of FL-PID compared with the PID proved that the former is better controller. The controllers are designed and simulated in the MATLAB programming environment. The controllers has been tested for the real time data obtained from Pecan Street Project, University of Texas at Austin USA.
Improvement of Power System Oscillation by using Coordinated Control Plan for...ijtsrd
This thesis work introduces the control of the coordinates of PSS and STATCOM to damp the inter field oscillations of the multi machine system. In previous eras, PSS was used as a local controller in multi machine systems to dampen such oscillations between fields. Reactive FACTS devices, such as synchronous static compensators STATCOM are taken into account and evaluated for their design of a damping controller. STATCOM is a reactive power compensator based on a voltage source converter that uses electronic power devices with stop capacity as switching devices. Its main function is to support the voltage of the bus from which it is connected to the system by providing a quick response to the delivery or absorption of reactive power. In order to dampen the power oscillations, the power oscillation damping function POD must be used, in which its output is summed with the voltage reference at the input of STATCOM. Gautam Kumar | Prof. Girraj Solanki "Improvement of Power System Oscillation by using Coordinated Control Plan for PSS and STATCOM Devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30923.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/30923/improvement-of-power-system-oscillation-by-using-coordinated-control-plan-for-pss-and-statcom-devices/gautam-kumar
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In recent years, there is an immensely huge demand to power due to industrialization and modernization, butcorrespondingly the amplification of generation and transmission has not been done due to constrained resources and environmental limitations. The huge growth in demand leads to various problems in power systems. Heavy growth in semiconductor technology made power electronics plays a key role in solving these problems. Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices are used for fixing various problems in power system. They are used for enhancing the existing transmission capabilities and improving the system dynamic performance so that to make transmission system flexible and efficient in operation. Inter line power flow controller (IPFC) is a latest generation series connected FACTS device, having capability of controlling power flow among multi line in a transmission network. In this paper cascaded 5 level inverter is used as the inverter module for IPFC. Control techniques play a vital role in power flow control in the system, with the main objective of minimization of harmonics and obtaining a variable output with maximum fundamental component. This paper discusses various comparative case studies on IPFC with cascaded 5 level inverter using SPWM and SVM control techniques.
A New approach for controlling the power flow in a transmission system using ...IJMER
Electrical power systems is a large interconnected network that requires a careful design to maintain the system with continuous power flow operation without any limitation. Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) is an application of a power electronics device to control the power flow and to improve the system stability of a power system. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a new concept for the compensation and effective power flow control in a transmission system.Through common DC link, any inverters within the UPFC is able to transfer real power to any other and there by facilitate real power transfer among the line. In this paper a test system is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results of the network with and without UPFC are compared and when the voltage sag is compensated, reactive power is controlled and transmission line efficiency is improved.
The increase in power demand has compelled the power system utilities to use series capacitive compensation in long transmission lines.
A problem called sub synchronous resonance (SSR) occurs in long lines because of series compensation. In this paper a flexible a.c. transmission
system (FACTS) device is used along with a proposed controller to damp out the sub synchronous oscillations from the system. An IEEE second
bench mark model is used for investigating the SSR problem, where a three phase short circuit fault is applied on the compensated transmission
line for analysis. A Matlab/Simulink model is used to study the time domain analysis of the system. An improvement in damping is seen with the
use of FACTS device i.e. unified power flow controller (UPFC) which is controlled by a Neural network (NN) based proportional integral (PI)
controller
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A Literature Review on Experimental Study of Power Losses in Transmission Lin...paperpublications3
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International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
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International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
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In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
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What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
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Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
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UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
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Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
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The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
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- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
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Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a button
Bn044398401
1. B.Divya Lakshmi et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 4( Version 1), April 2014, pp.398-401
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Damping Of Low Frequency Oscillations In Power System Using
Device Upfc With Fuzzy Logic
B.Divya Lakshmi1, D.Krishna karthik2, M. AppalaNaidu3, I.Manikanta
Krishna Murthy4, Ch.Jyothi5
Asst.prof. EEE Lendi institute of engineering & Technology, Vizianagaram,
EEE(B.Tech,) Lendi institute of engineering & Technology, Vizianagaram,
EEE(B.Tech) Lendi institute of engineering & Technology, Vizianagaram,
EEE(B.Tech) Lendi institute of engineering & Technology, Vizianagaram,
EEE(B.Tech) Lendi institute of engineering & Technology, Vizianagaram,
Abstract—
Power stability is an important issue that is becoming increasingly important to an power systems at all levels.
We are unable to achieve the stability of the system due to some factors. Low frequency oscillation’s is one of
the major factors that affect the transmission line capacity. Traditionally power system stabilizers(PSS) are
being used to damp these inevitable oscillations. In advanced technology FACTS devices such as unified
power flow controllers (UPFC) are used to control the power flow in transmission lines. They can also replace
the PSS to damp the low frequency oscillations effectively through direct control of voltage and power. In our
model, single machine infinite bus power system with UPFC is considered. The designed FUZZY based UPFC
controllers adjusts four UPFC inputs by appropriately processing of input error signal and provides an efficient
damping. The results of the simulation show that the UPFC with FUZZY LOGIC controller is effectively
damping the LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS.
Keywords—Low frequency Oscillations (LFO), Unified Power flowController(UPFC),
Fuzzy logic,Damping controller,Flexiable AC transmission System (FACTS)
I.INTRODUCTION
The demand for electric power is increasing
day by day The growing demand of power and
environment concern necessitated a review of the
traditional power system concepts and practices to
achieve greater operating flexibility and better
utilization of existing transmission system rapid
development of power electronics technology
provides exiting to develop new power system
equipments for better utilization of exciting system.
FACTS devices, which provides the needed
correction of transmission functionality in order to
fully utilize the existing the transmission systems
FACTS technology based on use of reliable high
speed
Power electronics, advanced control been
demonstrated successfully and continuous to be
implemented at transmission locations in various
parts of the world the installed FACTS controllers
have provided new possibilities and unprecedented
flexibility aiming at maximizing the utilization of
transmission assets efficiently and reliably.
Now a days the electric power systems is in
transition to a fully competitive deregulated scenario.
Under this circumstances any power system controls
such as frequency and voltage controls will be served
as an ancillary services. Especially, in the case that
the proliferation of non-utility generations, i.e.,
independent power producers that do not possess
sufficient frequency control capabilities, tends to
increase considerable. Furthermore, various kinds of
apparatus with large capacity and fast power
consumption such as magnetic levitation
transportation, a testing plant for nuclear fusion, or
even an ordinary scale factory like a steel
manufacturer, increase significantly. In future when
these loads are concentrated on a power system, they
may cause a serious problem of frequency
oscillations. The conventional frequency control, i.e.,
governor may no longer able to absorb these
oscillations and this becomes challenging and is
highly expected in the future.
The problem of poorly damped low
frequency oscillations associated with generator rotor
swings has been a matter of concern to power system
stabilizer (PSS). In addition, HVDC, SVC controllers
have also been used to damp these low frequency
oscillations. The advent of high power equipments to
improve the utilization of transmission capacity
provides system planers with additional leverage to
improve stability of the system. Traditionally, power
system stabilizers are being used to damp low
frequency oscillations effectively through direct
control of voltage and power.
It is a new approach to the
implementation of the UPFC based on a multiple
2. B.Divya Lakshmi et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 4( Version 1), April 2014, pp.398-401
www.ijera.com 399 | P a g e
input single output fuzzy logic controller in a single
machine infinite bus power system.
II. DYNAMIC MODELING OF POWER
SYSTEM WITH UPFC
Fig. 1 shows a single-machine-infinite-bus
(SMIB) system with UPFC. In Fig. 1 me, mb and δe,
δb are the amplitude modulation ratio and phase
angle of the reference voltage of each voltage source
converter respectively.
These values are the input control signals of the UPFC.
Fig. 1. UPFC installed in a single-machine infinite-
bus power system.
A linearized model of the power system is used in
studying dynamic studies of power system. In order
to consider the effect of UPFC in damping of LFO,
the dynamic model of the UPFC is employed. The
Dynamic model of the SMIB with UPFC can be
represented as
where mE mB, E and B are the
deviations of input control signals of upfc
III. DESIGN OF FUZZY LOGIC
CONTROLLER
There are two major types of fuzzy
controllers, namely Mamdani type and Takagi-
Sugeno (TS) type. The classification depends on the
type of fuzzy rules used. If a fuzzy controller uses the
TS type of fuzzy rules, it is called a TS fuzzy
controller. Otherwise, the controller is named a
Mamdani fuzzy controller. Throughout this paper,
attention is focused on the Mamdani type fuzzy
controller in order to damp the low frequency
oscillationsof the power system.
Angular velocity deviation Δω and load angle
deviation Δδ is used as the fuzzy controllers inputs. One of
the upfc inputs has been controlled via fuzzy controller
output as shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Fuzzy Logic Controller
Seven membership functions are used in this work
are triangular and trapezoidal in shape. The inputs
and ouputs are fuzzified using seven fuzzy sets: LN
(large negative), MN (medium negative), SN (small
negative), Z (zero), SP (small positive), MP (medium
positve), andLP(large positive).The membership
functions of the inputand output signals are shown in
Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.
3. B.Divya Lakshmi et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 4( Version 1), April 2014, pp.398-401
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The rules used in this controller are chosen as follows:
The membership functions of the inputs, output and
rule base for all the controllers can be the same. The
only difference is the range of these values.
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS
Firstly Simulation is done with the help of
MATLAB software for the model of SMIB with
UPFC as shown in the section 2. taking step change
in mechanical input power ( Pm = 0.01 pu.). In This
simulation UPFC has no controller. The results
obtained shows that the system is having oscillations
and the system is poorly damped as shown in Fig. 6.
Next, the simulation is performed with the same step
change in mechanical input power but the UPFC is
controlled by different fuzzy controllers namely m E
controller, mB controller, δE controller and δB
controller. The performance of the system with mE
controller, mB controller, δE controller and δB
controller is shown in Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10
respectively.
4. B.Divya Lakshmi et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 4( Version 1), April 2014, pp.398-401
www.ijera.com 401 | P a g e
V. CONCLUSION
The above simulations shows that the
system considered when used without any damping
controller is undamped in nature.The fuzzy controller
is designed for this UPFC controller. The simulation
results shows that when there is a small perturbance
in the power system, the proposed UPFC based fuzzy
controller is effectively damping the oscillations.
REFERENCES
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[8] A. Edris and K. Gyugyi, et al. ‘Proposed
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[10] H. F. Wang. ‘A Unified Model for the
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SIMULATION OF SMIB USING UPFC WITH FUZZY
LOGIC
Rotor speed vs time without any controller
Rotor speed vs time with upfc
Rotor speed vs time with upfc and fuzzy logic