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Understanding Volcanoes
What is a volcano?
Volcano is an opening

in the earth’s crust
where lava, pyroclasts
and gasses are ejected
onto the surface
during eruptions.

Mt. Mayon

Mt. Kilauea

Mt. Vesuvius
Parts of a Volcano
 Cone- the most

prominent part of a
volcano
-formed by
the mountainous
accumulation of
volcanic materials

Mt. Mayon
Parts of a Volcano

 Crater- a steeped-wall

*Caldera-a very large
depression at the peak of crater that can
the volcano and the
exceed for about 1
volcanic vent.
km in diameter; they
are formed when the
summit of the
volcano collapses
during violent or
explosive eruptions.
Lava vs. Magma
Magma are molten rocks found

beneath the earth’s surface.
Lava are molten rocks that flowed
out of the earth’s surface.
Kinds of Volcano according to
Shape and Composition
 Cinder cone volcano- made up of

loose fragments called cinders
(pyroclasts and tephra)
-it is formed from
explosive eruption.
-it has a narrow base
and a steep slope
Examples: Sunset Crater in
Arizona, Mt. Pelee’ in the East
Indies
Kinds of Volcano according to
Shape and Composition
 Shield cone volcano- has a

wide base with gently
sloping sides. It is made
up purely of solidified
lava.
Examples: Mauna Kea
and Kilauea Volcano in
Hawaii, Olympus Mons in
Mars
Kinds of Volcano according to
Shape and Composition
 Composite Volcano- composed

of alternating layers of lava and
cinders. It is formed when
volcanic eruptions vary
between quiet and violent and
explosive.
Examples: Mt. Fuji in Japan, Mt.
Vesuvius and Mt. Stromboli in
Italy and Mt. Mayon in the
Philippines
Kinds of Volcano according to Activity

Active
Dormant/Inactive
Extinct
Kinds of Volcanic Eruption
 Violent or Plinian Eruption
Kinds of Volcanic Eruption
 Non-explosive or Quiet Eruption
Benefits of Volcanic Eruption
agricultural benefits
 energy benefits

industrial benefits
tourism and recreational

benefits
Dangers of Volcanic Eruption
volcanic gasses
 lava flows

 lahar
 global warming
Before a Volcanic Eruption
During a Volcanic Eruption
After a Volcanic Eruption

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Volcanoes

  • 2. What is a volcano? Volcano is an opening in the earth’s crust where lava, pyroclasts and gasses are ejected onto the surface during eruptions. Mt. Mayon Mt. Kilauea Mt. Vesuvius
  • 3. Parts of a Volcano  Cone- the most prominent part of a volcano -formed by the mountainous accumulation of volcanic materials Mt. Mayon
  • 4. Parts of a Volcano  Crater- a steeped-wall *Caldera-a very large depression at the peak of crater that can the volcano and the exceed for about 1 volcanic vent. km in diameter; they are formed when the summit of the volcano collapses during violent or explosive eruptions.
  • 5. Lava vs. Magma Magma are molten rocks found beneath the earth’s surface. Lava are molten rocks that flowed out of the earth’s surface.
  • 6. Kinds of Volcano according to Shape and Composition  Cinder cone volcano- made up of loose fragments called cinders (pyroclasts and tephra) -it is formed from explosive eruption. -it has a narrow base and a steep slope Examples: Sunset Crater in Arizona, Mt. Pelee’ in the East Indies
  • 7. Kinds of Volcano according to Shape and Composition  Shield cone volcano- has a wide base with gently sloping sides. It is made up purely of solidified lava. Examples: Mauna Kea and Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii, Olympus Mons in Mars
  • 8. Kinds of Volcano according to Shape and Composition  Composite Volcano- composed of alternating layers of lava and cinders. It is formed when volcanic eruptions vary between quiet and violent and explosive. Examples: Mt. Fuji in Japan, Mt. Vesuvius and Mt. Stromboli in Italy and Mt. Mayon in the Philippines
  • 9. Kinds of Volcano according to Activity Active Dormant/Inactive Extinct
  • 10. Kinds of Volcanic Eruption  Violent or Plinian Eruption
  • 11. Kinds of Volcanic Eruption  Non-explosive or Quiet Eruption
  • 12. Benefits of Volcanic Eruption agricultural benefits  energy benefits industrial benefits tourism and recreational benefits
  • 13. Dangers of Volcanic Eruption volcanic gasses  lava flows  lahar  global warming
  • 14. Before a Volcanic Eruption
  • 15. During a Volcanic Eruption
  • 16. After a Volcanic Eruption