This document introduces Vlang, a 2D verb-based language/writing system that aims to reduce language to its basic components of verbs and nouns. Vlang connects nodes written in an imported noun language using verbs. It has a small alphabet that creates a hierarchy of permutations starting with 2 roots. Mirror words have special properties, and anti-words reverse the order of nouns connected by a verb. Examples demonstrate basic Vlang phrases and the use of compound verbs connecting multiple nodes. Issues around splitting longer words and multi-connections are also discussed at a high-level.
In linguistics, alternation is a variation in the form and/or sound of a word or word part. (Alternation is equivalent to allomorphs in morphology.) Also known as alternance.
A form involved in an alternation is called an alternant. The customary symbol for alternation is ~.
American linguist Leonard Bloomfield defined an automatic alternation as one that's "determined by the phonemes of the accompanying forms" ("A Set of Postulates for the Science of Language," 1926). An alternation that affects only some morphemes of a particular phonological form is called non-automatic or non-recurrent alternation.
Morpheme, morphological analysis and morphemic analysissyerencs
Structure of morphological analysis and morphemic analysis. The morpheme refers to either a class of forms or an abstraction from the concrete forms of language. A morpheme is internally indivisible, it cannot be further subdivided or analyzed into smaller meaningful unit. It is also externally transportable; it has positional mobility or free distribution, occurring in various context.
Morphemes are represented which curly brace { } using capital letters for lexemes or descriptive designations for types of morphemes.
In linguistics, alternation is a variation in the form and/or sound of a word or word part. (Alternation is equivalent to allomorphs in morphology.) Also known as alternance.
A form involved in an alternation is called an alternant. The customary symbol for alternation is ~.
American linguist Leonard Bloomfield defined an automatic alternation as one that's "determined by the phonemes of the accompanying forms" ("A Set of Postulates for the Science of Language," 1926). An alternation that affects only some morphemes of a particular phonological form is called non-automatic or non-recurrent alternation.
Morpheme, morphological analysis and morphemic analysissyerencs
Structure of morphological analysis and morphemic analysis. The morpheme refers to either a class of forms or an abstraction from the concrete forms of language. A morpheme is internally indivisible, it cannot be further subdivided or analyzed into smaller meaningful unit. It is also externally transportable; it has positional mobility or free distribution, occurring in various context.
Morphemes are represented which curly brace { } using capital letters for lexemes or descriptive designations for types of morphemes.
Genetic characterization of morphological and yield traits in ten genotypes of Celosia argentea L. was evaluated
at the Research Farm of the Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The experiment was laid out
in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The results of analysis of variance carried out on
early morphological characters of C. argentea L. at 3, 4, and 5weeks after sowing showed significant
(p<0.05 /><0.01) effects except for number of leaves per plant and leaf width at 3 and 5 weeks after sowing,
respectively. The replicates in blocks produced varying observable effects on the genotypes while genotype x
replicate showed significant variation on morpho-agronomic and yield traits except number of days to flowering
at 50 days and fruit length at maturity. Also, from the result of the mean separation, it is shown that
NG/MAY/09/015 performed the best for plant height at flowering, leaf length at flowering, leaf width at
flowering, and root biomass. NG/SA/07/213 produced the highest mean values of number of flowers per plant,
leaf biomass and pod weight at maturity. The highest values of number of primary branches and fruit length at
maturity (FLM) were observed for NG/TO/MAY/09/015, while NG/AO/MAY/09/015 had the highest for pod
weight at maturity. The result of principal component axis also showed that Prin 1 accounted for highest Eigen
Vector of 38.62% from the total variation. NG/MAY/09/015 (R2) genotype produced the highest Eigen Vector
of 6.705 from Prin 1. The correlation result showed that plant height had a significant positive association with
seed weight at maturity, pod weight at maturity, number of primary branches and fruit length at maturity, while
similar association existed between leaf biomass, number of primary branches and pod weight at maturity, as
well as between plant height at flowering and pod weight at maturity. Again, the number of primary branches is
also positive and significantly correlated with plant height, root biomass and leaf length. Furthermore, the
results of dendrogram and minimum spanning tree revealed variations in genetic relatedness and distance,
respectively, which exist among the population of the C. argentea L.
The ethanol extracts of Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica charantia, Anacardium
occidentals and Psidium guajava were evaluated sole and in treatment combinations at 25, 50 and
75mg ml-1 concentration levels against the mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina of
Cowpea. The pathogen was cultured on plates containing botanicals amended Potato Dextrose
Agar (PDA) in three replicates while only ethanol treated PDA tested plates served the control
experiment. The radial growths were recorded at 4th, 6th and 8th day after inoculation. Data
obtained were analysed using the SAS software program version 9.2. The extract of Mormordica
charantia was the most effective in the botanical treatments alone. The most significant inhibition
of Macrophomina phaseolina were observed from the combined treatments of Ficus asperifolia,
Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.11 cm), followed by Mormordica
charantia and Psidium guajava (3.29 cm), then combination of four extracts; Ficus asperifolia,
Mormordica charantia, Anacardium occidentals and Psidium guajava (3.53 cm), then
Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.84 cm). Other treatments, either alone or in
combination produced significant result compared to the control experiment (6.94 cm). However,
the efficacy of botanicals increased with concentration and also significantly correlated with time
and reduction in mycelia extension of the pathogen. More so, variability in the antifungicidal
potentials of the botanicals on Macrophomina phaseolina ranges from 15.93% to 34.06%
according to Eigen proportions. The treatment combinations of; Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica
charantia and Anacardium occidentals at 75mg ml-1 concentration level produced the most
inhibitory effect against Macrophomina phaseolina in vitro. However, the untreated plates did not
show inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of the pathogen. Therefore, combined treatments of
botanicals could be a potential source in the practice of plant disease control.
This study was carried out in Osogbo township of Osun State, Nigeria to isolate and determine prevalence and pathogenicity of microorganisms associated with deterioration of sweet orange fruits. Twenty samples of 20 infected and 20 non-infected sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis L) were collected from four open markets (Akindeko, Igbonna, Oja-Oba and Sabo markets) each. The samples were transported immediately to Fountain University Microbiology Laboratory for pathogenic analysis. The oranges were rinsed with distilled water and serially diluted in 10 folds. The highest three dilutions were considered for microbial count analysis. Each of the orange was cut and the liquid content inoculated on nutrient agar and potato dextrose agar, incubated at 370C and 250C respectively. They were observed for seven days, and the different colonies isolated using the slide culture technique. Biochemical analyses of the culture showed that Apergillus spp, Staphylococcus spp, Escherichia spp, Rhizopus spp and Shigella spp had the highest load. Pathogens prevalence revealed that Staphylococcus spp had highest (12.63%) at Sabo, 4.94% at Igbonna and 10.43% at Akindeko. Aspergillus spp with 6.60% and 17.58% loads were identified at Sabo and Oja-Oba respectively. Rhizopus spp had 21.97% at Oja-Oba, E. coli, 17.58% at Igbonna and Shigella spp, 8.24% at Akindeko. Rhizopus spp and Aspergillus spp were the most active microbes with respective 100% and 90% infections, while the least active microbes were Staphylococcus spp and Shigella spp. Harvesting fruits at the suitable periods and stored the harvested orange fruits under controlled conditions could aid in retarding the microbial growth of post-harvest spoilage of pathogenic microorganisms.
Development of drought-tolerant maize varieties with high and stable yields is very imperative as being affordable alternative to
many smallholder farmers. Drought-tolerant maize varieties belonging to two maturity groups (10 early and 10 late/intermediate) were evaluated
for yield and other related characters in the southern guinea savannah (SGS) of Nigeria for two years. Days to flowering were higher in
the second year than the first year. Consistent number of days (3 days) was recorded for anthesis-silking interval in both years. Plant and
ear heights are greater in 2008 than 2007. However, plant and ear aspects were fair in overall phenotypic appeal and grain yield was not
significantly difference in both years. Maize grain yield in late/intermediate varieties is significantly higher than the early with a difference of
one tonne. High grain yield recorded in two varieties each among the early (AC 90 POOL 16 DT STR and TZE-Y DT STR C4) and late/
intermediate (DT-SR-WC0 F2, SUWAN-1-SR-SYN) varieties was approximately 4.6 t/ha. These genotypes could be used either as cultivar
per se to escape the prolonged moisture stress during the later part of the cropping season or introgressed with favourable cultivars for high
yield adaptable to drought-prone areas in SGS ecologies.
A few screen shots of me testing a new 3d engine. The engine is based on Jmonkey. The idea of this engine is to be simple to use and easy to script with hopes of drawing more people into the game development industry.
Two separate experiments were conducted at the sereenhouse of the Unilorin Sugar Research Institute
(USRI) IIorin, to investigate the optimum concentration of a weak acid solution required for the presciption of cut
sugarcane stalks during hybridization. In the first experiment. stalks of two (2) sugarcane varieties (LS 1-047 and LS1057)
which were at the flowering. phase were immersed in three (3) eonecntrations(Blank, O.004M nnd 0.006M
respectively) of sulphurous acid (H2SO]) solution. In the second experiment, stalks of three (3) varieties viz: LSI-047,
LSI-057 and C06806 at the vegetative phase and those of LSI-047, LSI-050, LSI-054, LSI-057, B6609 and'C06806 at
the Dowering phase were also immersed in four (4) concentrations (i.e. Blank, 0.0021\1, 0.004M and O.OO(,M
respectively) of sulphurie acid (H2S04) solution.
Our results showed a rapid decline in the physiologienl activities of the sugarcanc stalks regardlcss of the
concentration and/or the source of the weak acid used as preservative solution. Flowering sequence was also disrupted
in the flowering stalks since none of the varieties could proceed to tile next ,phase, indicating that the stock solutions
were toxic to the test varieties. However, rooting and side shoot emergence (beginning from the riftll and ,cvcnth day
rcspeetively) were observcd ill the sugareanc stalks at both the vegetative and Oowerillg ph,lsl's or diiTercnl
eoneelllralion of the weak 1-1250 •. indicating Ih,1I the: i'nrlJ'ulal ions 'frolll 112SO., were less tOXIC {O ti,l'. l''" 1-::. d"'11 {I")';l'
or the 1-1)50. where the test varie{les nl:ilhl:r r()o(ed nor produce sid\' ,hm)l.
i\ILllllllgh 1110 (2) or the: \'arie:lIl'S (L,SI-O'17 ,md 1..'()ll~()I,) ,'ppe"rl'" III PUSs,'ss greater {,lkral":C: k.\cl I·.' Ii;.: .!,!!"<',.:l'>I, 1:';11' lil<.'>
exoLic judging by their overall performance.
The use of aluminium molds in injection molding is an emerging trend because of its ability to reduce cycle time by as much as 50% when compared to P20 tool steel.
You have now explored in a practical way a number of different aspects of language and learning, including the difference between implicit and explicit knowledge of rules, rule discovery, the grammar of spoken and written English, phonology, and linguistic and communicative competence. I now want to turn to the significance of grammatical and communicative contexts for understanding words and grammatical structures. For example, in this unit you will study not only the grammar of the passive, but also the contexts in which it is used.
The unit begins with a look at what we can find out about a word in a dictionary and includes an activity to test your knowledge of grammar terminology. It finishes with a look at some of the reasons why words and patterns change over time and the question of what we consider to be 'correct' modern English.
Dictionaries can give teachers and learners an overall view of a word, with information about its many different aspects. So it's a good idea to get to enjoy using dictionaries. I'm therefore starting this unit with an activity to test your knowledge of what a dictionary can tell you about a word.
1. What information might a dictionary give about a word you look up (for example, its pronunciation)? Make a note of your ideas.
2. Now look up the word kneel in a dictionary and see what information is given. Summarize what you found.
Comment
1. Dictionaries can tell you about a word's:
pronunciation (including where the stress lies)
meaning(s)
word class(es)
different forms (for example past tense, plural)
usage
origin.
2. You could have found the following information about kneel:
how it is pronounced
that it is a verb
that it is intransitive (see below)
that it has alternative past tense forms: knelt or kneeled
that kneeled is used particularly in the United States
that kneel down is a phrasal verb
that it means fall or rest on the knees or a knee
that it comes from an old English word, cneowlian.
In a dictionary like Cobuild or The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, you will also find examples showing you how the word can be used: for example, He kneels beside the girl or Lottie knelt down to pray. We are also given the -ing form of the verb and an example: The kneeling figure was Mary Darling.
Transitive and intransitive verbs
A dictionary always tells you whether a verb is transitive or intransitive, that is, whether it can be followed by an object or not.
The verb 'lost' is transitive because we can put a noun after it. The verb yawned is intransitive because we can't put a noun after it.
Active and passive sentences
Sentences in English are either active or passive. Teachers of English need to understand the grammar of each of them and to be clear under what circumstances it is appropriate to use either the passive or the active. Let's start with the grammar.
Source: https://ebookschoice.com/words-and-their-context/
1. Vlang
Verb Lang - 2D Verb Based Language/Writing System
Vlang attempts to utilize Rstruct in the most basic possible way. The goal is to achieve 2D language not
by re-inventing language as a whole, but instead by “devolving” it back to basics.
Language, especially written language, is complex, but when it comes right down to it Vlang only has 2
types of words, Verbs and Nouns, objects and actions. Properties can been seen as “objects being
something”, therefore an action between objects X is Y.
Vlang assumes the role of “Verb” and imports and existing language for “Noun”.
The imported language is written on nodes, while Vlang connects the nodes.
Vlang is always used between nodes, and the NounLang only connects to nodes on one side.
• Any language or writing system may be imported
• Nouns can be phrases arbitrarily long
• A NounLang verb word used alone as a node refers to the verb as if it were noun
There are many ways to use “empty connections”. Connection or nodes without any Vlang/Noun-Lang
could be used to describe hierarchy, grouping, sequence, etc.. for now we will leave that open.
The goal of Vlang is to explore what Vlang can do with Rstruct(see Page 6). Like an adjustable
framework built out of an adjustable framework.
For the rest of this document we will ignore all methods of description that “bypass” Vlang, otherwise
we will probably just end up with a mountain of “shortcuts” that end up conflicting with and restricting
Vlang before it gets a chance to develop.
So now that we have our goal, how do we structure Vlang?
Well we could just import an existing language dictionary. We could increase the alphabet of
Qscript(see Page 9) up to 52, assign each anti-letter to mean the same as its letter, assume anti-words
are read backwards, and just use English cursive with a mirror plane...
But the function of Vlang is so different and such a huge alphabet would be sooo messy.
Vlang actually requires, for the first time in all my projects, a “true conlanging task”.
I am not a conlanger, more of a conscripter, but I'll give it a go, bear with me, its just a test anyways ;)
Vlang 0.1 begins by leveraging the small alphabet which creates a permutation hierarchy that starts
with 2 roots (4 values... 2 values and 2 anti-values) and branches into 4 each level down. This lends
itself well to a hierarchal approach the language itself, that is also easier so I will start there.
2. The Structure of permutations is very simple
We will assume all words start with 1 or 2, and all anti-words
start with 3 or 4.
2 roots, each break into 4, each of which break into 4, etc..
There are also Mirror Words. (In red in graphic on right)
Mirror Words are special because they mirror into themselves
when read upside down. (actually 180 rotate not real mirrors)
So 1-3 becomes 1-3 when rotated 180. That means
• Any verb assigned to 1-3 must not have a “direction” or be “unilateral”. A verb like “eat” would
be X eats Y, it has a direction between X and Y, reversing X and Y changes the meaning, but
something like “is connected to” goes in both directions and works for 1-3
• Each mirror word has an anti-word that is also a mirror word.
Mirror words provide space for 2 words, but these 2 words loose a dimension of description.
Anti-words have many possible uses, for now it will be the simplest application.
Imagine you always rotate the paper so that you are reading left to right
X → Vlang → Y
All words are designed to operate between 2 objects.
An anti-word simply reverses the X and Y.
That way when you read “backwards” the original meaning is entirely preserved.
eg. Forwards Frank → Vlang(eats) → Fruit
Backwards Fruit ->Vlang(is eaten by) → Frank
Here we create the Vlang word “eats” which automatically creates the anti-word “is eaten by”.
Anti-words are not antonyms, they just have “reverse grammar”. So the anti-word for “love” is not
“hate” but instead “be loved by”.
Now I'm going to make my humble attempt at conlanging. Again, please bare with me ;)
*When words end with an anti-letter then word or it's flip-mirror must be flipped vertically eg become/end.
3. IS A BUBSET OF – X is a subset of Y
Posses – X Possesses Y
Choose – X Chooses Y
Mirror a)X and Y are connected
b)X and Y are simultaneous
Become – X Becomes Y
IS – X is Y
More – X is more than Y
Starts – X starts Y
Ends – X ends Y
Mirror a)X is not Y
b)X and Y are opposites
Each of the words can further break up.
We will avoid 3 letter long words because they are a pain to divide in half. There are plenty of ways of
using them, but we will just sweep them aside for now and go straight to 4 letter words.
Each 2nd
level root(2 letters) will have 16 4th
level sub-words. The dictionary is still very small, and
grows slowly because many words are imported by the Noun-Lang.
The examples are in standard English text. I personally enjoy using Chinese characters and English
written in Dscript for the Noun-Lang, but simplicity first.
For those interested, OUWI ( http://www.ouwi.org/ ) is a2D writing system and language that also
embraces importing vocab. The language structure is much more unique in OUWI whereas here we try
to retain more similarities to standard alphabetical language.
Example 1
Mary (has a) Lamb (which is) Little,
The Fleece (subset of of the) Lamb (is) White as snow
…..or reading backwards using the anti-words …...
White as snow (is the state of the) Fleece (which is a subset of) Lamb
Little (is the state of) the Lamb (which is owned by) Mary
4. Next we have “brackets”, these allow us to refer to entire spacial regions of the writing space as a noun.
Here is a basic version of the quote “men
choose to kill time while time quietly kills
them”
For simplicity in this example we will skip
the word quietly for now, and reduce “kill
time” into a noun.
Also, here the entire phrase is in brackets
which describe it as being a famous quote.
| Men Vlang(choose) Kill Time--------| |
| }---------Simultaneous |
| Time Vlang(Ends) Them--------------| |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
Vlang(is)
A famous quote
Now let's look at “Vlang Phrases” or “compound verbs”.
Normally Verbs affect 2 noun nodes. eg. nounX verb nounY
In Vlang multiple words are nested as opposed to sequential. We do not want the verbs to act
individually on the same nouns (that can be done with multiple Vlang connections per verb, or perhaps
invent rules to allow sequential phrases for this purpose, for now lets just assume it is handled with
multiple Vlang connections)
A string of words in Vlang looks like this
nounX - Vlang_verb_1_part_a - Vlang_verb_2 - Vlang_verb_1_part_b - nounY
So we want one verb to target another verb as opposed to targeting the nouns.
Here I choose to have the center(last) verb be dominant. The center verb is the main action/relationship
between nouns.
I choose the center because the center verb will never be split in halves, it will always be “whole”, the
center value is also the only place that odd number length words (1,3,5,7,etc..) can exists according to
the rules already laid out.
This choice is rather arbitrary, there is equally good reason to make the outside the main verb, the
outside is read first and is in closest proximity to the nouns.
For now just consider compound verbs similar to adverbs that come before a verb “swiftly run”,
impatiently wait” etc..
The only truly significant effect this choice has is “can odd length words be dominant in compounds or
are they always adverbs in compounds?”, and this is only because of a previous arbitrary rule.
5. On the right here we add the word “kill” to the
vlang dictionary.
Technically we probably shouldn't preserve the
expression so literally. Something like “pass” or
“waste” might be better, but for now we can just
assume that Vlang “Choose-Kill” (or
“cho-kill-ose”) means “to willfully
waste/end/terminate”
Using the alphabet and pronunciation we have set
this line would be pronounced:
“men s' keenee 'o time”
S' = the S sound with no distinct vowel 'O=the O sound alone
When we divide words 2 letters long the reading is not as straightforward. The “'O” at the end requires
that you know it is the second half of an odd number length half(2=1 and 1, 1 is an odd number). This
is also a problem for 6 letter long words, 10 letter long word, etc..
As per why all odd length words have been omitted, this is because even though there could be some
rather simple rules to account for them (eg. allow them to split with one side larger than the other) such
rules would cause conflict with potential future features like compound words (perhaps three letter
words are not words, but instead a one letter word and a 2 letter word, or two 2 letter words compressed
together). For now we will just try to leave as many doors open as we can and make these choices later.
Next there are multi connections, verbs with more than 2 targets, these can be broken into 2 types.
• Forks that occur on the verb line
• Forks that occur on the Vlang text itself
This area is still largely unexplored. So far it's still up in the air, but I have found it works well to
simply consider forks on the verb line as “AND”, simply apply the verb to plural pronouns of all nouns
that stem from each side eg nounX=(nounX1 and nounX2 and nounX3 and etc..)
Forks on verbs is a much more complicated idea that is still up in the air. But it shows promise.
eg.
6. There is also the matter of anti-words vs. words in compound verbs. Basically “if you cut a verb in half,
it now applies to its parent verb, not X and Y”, so that basically leaves us with unused definition, word
vs. anti-word no longer means X/Y, so it can mean some other binary switch as long as that switch is
directional. We will skip this and leave it unused for now, both ways just mean the same thing applied
to the parent verb which determines the application of the verb to the nouns.
And Finally Cross-Overs, where lines intersect .. this is... completely fine :)
It does however mean that forks cannot extend from both sides of the same point of a line.
Ands thats where it is so far. This version was designed with the aim of leaving as many option open
and creating a flexible framework while exploring possibilities.
The system works very well with Dscript. Dscript works with any language and allows the text of the
nouns to be flexible and cursive solid strings and glyphs that attach to the nodes making both language
“melt into giant seamless spider-web/network”, some visual art of this to follow of course ;)
More info on Dscript Alphabetical : http://dscript.org/dscript.pdf
Chemical Calligraphy 2.0 : http://dscript.ca/chem2.pdf
Chemical Calligraphy 1.0 : http://dscript.org/chem.pdf
Cscript – Computer Human Bi-Friendly Writing System
http://dscript.ca/cscript.pdf
think of Cscript as “somewhere between QR codes and handwriting”
Nscript – Hammer & Nail Based Layered Writing System
http://dscript.org/nailscript.pdf
Wscript – Wire Based 2D/3D Writing System
http://dscript.org/wirescript.pdf
“Mad Science”/”Technology Art” inventions and experiments. Great DIY fun.
http://dscript.org/inventions.pdf
Dscript by Matthew DeBlock is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
Based on a work at www.dscript.ca and www.dscript.org
7. Rstruct
Reversible Orthography Structure
Rstruct is a framework for designing a written language capable of reversibility.
The design of an “omni-directional script” or a script capable of being written in all directions and
orientations brings up first the question of legibility. Can people actually read in all directions? Sure,
there are left to right and there are right to left writing systems, but none that just go in various
directions.
For legibility there are some questions that are key in designing such a system.
1. How easily can it be read when it appears in random orientations.
2. Is the reader expected to “rotate the visual rules” or simply rotate the paper?
For problem 1, there is no solid answer in my humble opinion. What we can and cannot do is merely a
matter of what we practice for the most part. The Rstruct “solution”, if you can call it that, is a
simplistic but expandable approach. It can be summarized as “the axis is a mirror, each unit also has a
mirror unit, an exact opposite exists for everything unit and compound alike”.
Solution 1 : everything has its own unique mirror value which is obtained by 180 degree rotation.
For Problem 2, we will just dodge/avoid the issue and say “well.... um... you could start by rotating the
paper and hope you get better and have to do it less over time.. I suppose... kinda just hoping the start
simple approach will give buffer for whatever problems come up”. ;)
So...Everything is mirrored....
Lets look at Qscript now
As you can see Qscript has exactly 2 values and a mirror plane
producing 4 total values.
This is the bare minimum for reversible orthography.
sure you could have only 1 value and 1 mirror, but then you
would have very long strings. Adding more is easy, but for
now.... KISS(keep it simple stupid)
So we will treat these as 4 “letters”.
Next we add a second round of letters, this
time vowels, for the second value in strings.
1=s, 11=sa, 111=sas, etc..
In reverse that would be
3=n,33=nee, 333=neen
8. Now we can construct words, knowing that every word has an “anti-word”, if you draw the anti-word,
its mirror is the word.
So we can handle compounds of units, or words, which is great, but if we string them together then the
sequence is also reversed. This requires some complex type of grammar that is reversible or a more
fundamental overhaul.
Rstruct performs a fundamental overhaul in an attempt optimize for reversibility.
As oppose to stringing words together in a line, Rstruct instead nests them within each.
“Pete Sees It” for example would stead be “Pe Se It Es Te”
Pe Se It Es Te=Pete
Pe Se It Es Te=Sees
Pe Se It Es Te=It
Can people even read like that?
Considering the wide range of “ways people can read” and the flexibility my visual system seems to
afford in learning to visually decipher things every day, I think it is well within the realm of
possibility....this is not a complex pattern, it has very clear simple rules with no exceptions....Can it be
effective or would it just be a cumbersome burden with no significant payoff? Who knows...
Now when we reverse read our string we will get the anti-words in the same sequence as the original.
To accommodate this structure Rstruct uses a few rules to prevent confusion or over-complication.
1. All values have anti-values(mirror versions)
2. All strings(words) have anti strings(words)
3. Strings 1 unit long can only stand alone or in the end(center) of a sentence
4. Strings 2 units long can exists anywhere in the sentence
5. Strings 3 units long can only stand alone or in the end(center) of a sentence
6. Strings 4 units long can exists anywhere in the sentence
7. etc...
As you can see odd number length strings are “not very welcome” they can only exists alone or at the
end of a sentence.
Permutations work out as follows
Length # of pairs (word+anti-word)
1 2
2 8
3 32
4 128
5 512
6 2048 etc.....
So we are not at risk of running out of words,
although the odd length words are a bit restrictive
and those might be kinda “leftover excess” later.
Rules can be added to allow odd numbered words
to encapsulate, but again, keep it simple to start ;)
*note that units that split into even number length
units (eg.4=2 and 2, 8=4 and 4) are simpler to read
Last but not least we have the “mirror words”. Mirror
words are words that read the same when they are
reversed. The string 1-3, when revered will remain 1-3.
The framework itself only accomplishes a specific task, now it needs a purpose, part 3 coming soon ;)
9. Qscript
Quaternary Script
Qscript is an elegant linear quaternary script. It is easily cursive and works great with or without lines.
The line, drawn or ruled, acts as a center, and corners or
loops are drawn above or below the line. This gives 4
possibilities.
These 4 units can be combined into infinite
permutations of cursive strings.
2 units =16 permutations
3 units = 64 permutations
4 units = 256 permutations
etc.....
The line can be easily omitted, but when this is done units repeating the same side of the line produce
small corners. I prefer to turn these into curves to avoid possible ambiguity or reading errors.
To help make cursive
string terminals more obvious, I find it best to overlap the terminal past the center line. It seems to
create a distinct effect for the “space character”, and also improve the visual “flow”.
Applying the script can be tricky because no languages have only 4 letters (asides perhaps DNA) and if
you employ compound letters then your words cannot be made cursive (at least not without adding
more rules and complexity).. that comes next ;)
Rstruct by Matthew DeBlock is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
Based on a work at www.dscript.ca and www.dscript.org