This document summarizes guidelines from the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) on preventing and treating vitamin D and calcium deficiencies in children and adolescents. It reports that deficiencies of these nutrients are widespread in India, affecting 30-90% of people. The guidelines define sufficient, insufficient, and deficient vitamin D levels and recommend routine supplementation of 400IU of vitamin D for all infants up to 1 year old. Children over 1 year and adolescents should take 600IU daily. At-risk groups may require higher doses. Treatment of deficiencies generally involves 2000-6000IU of vitamin D and 500-800mg of calcium daily for 3 months. Maintaining adequate vitamin D and calcium intake is important for bone health.