The document defines and describes various construction materials and components used in building including: - Air barriers which provide backup protection for exterior siding and allow water vapor to escape wall cavities. - Attic ventilation components like soffit vents, ridge vents, and gable vents which allow water vapor and air flow to regulate attic temperature. - Construction equipment like backhoes which have digging buckets on articulated arms, and bulldozers which push soil to smooth surfaces. - Framing elements, plumbing components, windows, doors, insulation materials, and other items important to building construction.

1. Visual Dictionary Shores

2. Air Barrier Paper It is temporary weatherproofing during construction. The backup protection for exterior siding. It allows water vapor to flow through to escape wall cavity; air barrier

3. Attic Ventilation They are needed not only to allow water vapor to escape, but also to keep the house cooler during the summer. Soffit Vent Ridge Vent Roof Turbine Gable Vent

4. Backhoe It’s a piece of excavating equipment that consists of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm. The backhoe that I presented had a 24” inch bucket.

5. Batter Boards These are used for establishing position, size, and shape of a building on site. They are mainly long 2x4’s that create a boundary line for the building

6. Brick Arches This arch has a mixture of rowlock and soldier courses with a spring line minor arch at the bottom This arch has 4 courses of rowlocks which somewhat resembles the arch to the left. The only difference is it is not alternating from rowlock to soldier. Arch with a keystone This is the temporary formwork for an arch. This is known as centering.

7. Brick Bonds Flemish Bond-alternates from stretcher to header to stretcher again. Stretcher Bond-A continuation of Stretcher courses. Stretcher Header soldier Rowlock

8. Brick Bonds Ctd. Sailor and its corbelling

9. Brick Sizes Modular Brick: 3 5/8”x 2 ¼”x7 5/8” in dimensions Standard Brick: 3 5/8”x 2 ¼”x 8” in dimensions

10. Bulldozer Its known as a “crawler” and has a metal blade used to push large quantities of soil, sand, etc during construction work. Mainly used for clearing and smoothening soils.

11. Cladding Coursed Rubble pattern stonework for exterior Wood Boards Brick EIFS Wood shakes are thick, rough and uneven cut pieces of wood used for siding. Wood shingles are sawn shingles made of uniform thickness. I believe this is a wood shingle because of its uniform shape.

12. Code Requirements The minimum code requirement is 5.7 sq. ft. and my window is 7.5 sq. ft. My window meets means of egress because its more than 5.7 sq. ft. The stairs I found were 11 ¼” Tread and the riser was 7 ¼” which meets the code requirements of 7 ¾” max riser by the 10” min tread.

13. Concrete Joints Control joints are expansion and contraction joints and they are a preventive measure against cracking in concrete. Isolation Joints is a separation that allows adjoining parts to move freely from one another and in this picture the concrete slab is being isolated from the wall.

14. Concrete Masonry Unit Are large rectangular bricks used in the construction process and can have different purposes.

15. Decorative Concrete Masonry Split Block Ribbed

16. Doors Flush Door Top Rail Stile Panel Lock Rail Bottom Rail Panel 1 Panel 2 Panel 3 Panel 4 Panel 5 Panel 6 Sidelight Door is a door with two tall narrow windows beside it. Transom Door is a door with a small window directly above it.

17. Electrical Components A transformer box is a high voltage transformer in which the secondary unit is tuned to the frequency of the power supply. A service head is adjustable and minimizes a negative aesthetic impact of the electrical service cable or conduit assembly. The meter measures the amount of electric power used by a customer. The service panel acts as a way point between the main service panel and branch circuits further down the line. A duplex receptacle is an electrical wall outlet with two plug receptacles.

18. Framing Elements 1. Anchor Bolt 2. Sill plate 3. Floor Joist 4. Subflooring 5. Sole plate 6. Stud 7. Top Plate 8. Ceiling Joist 9. Rafter 10. Roof Decking

19. Framing Elements Ctd. 11. Sheathing 12. Stringer

20. Front end loader A front end loader is an earthmoving machine with a hydraulic scoop in front for lifting or loading soils. A front end loader differs from a backhoe because it simply has a wider shovel then a backhoe and can haul more dirt and its different from a bulldozer because it can actually haul dirt where as a bulldozer pushes the dirt to smooth out a surface. Front end loader

21. Gypsum Board Gypsum board has an increased resistance to moisture and is used instead of plaster or wallboard to make interior walls. Gypsum board right before installation because there were stacks of it all throughout the house.

22. Heat pump Air handling unit/Evaporator has a refrigeration coil inside of it connected with a plenum transition. In the evaporator the air picks up heat eneregy. The compressor works the fluid into a gaseous state and is then pressurized and circulated through the system. One advantage of the heat pump is that they have a backup source of heat inside them. One disadvantage is that they extract heat from the cold outside air rather then extracting the heat from the cold ground or water.

23. Insulation Blanket insulation is often placed within studs and it forms a weather barrier and helps simply insulate the house. Loose-fill insulation are small pieces of insulation that insulate cavity walls and lofts. Rigid board is a board ranging from a variety of thickness to help insulate a building or houses. Foamed insulation can be sprayed , injected, or poured and have the ability to fill in small cavities such as the ones above for insulation.

24. Lintel Lintel is a beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening.

25. Mortar Extruded joint-this joint is neither tooled or troweled, the measured thickness is 3/8” inch and it was on a brick house and the type of mortar is type M and it is used for all purpose work above grade. Concave Joint-this joint is tooled and the measured thickness is 3/8” inch as well and it was on a brick apartment building and the mortar I believe is type M also and it is used for all purpose work above grade.

26. Oriented Strand Board(OSB) Long strand-like pieces oriented similar to plywood. It does not have the structural capacity of plywood. They are manufactured from waterproof heatcured adhesives and rectangularly shaped wood strands that are arranged in cross-oriented layers. OSB

27. Plumbing Shower and Tub(Lavatory)-For a lavatory tub, the size pipe is 2 inch DWV and for a shower it is 2 inch DWV as well.

28. Plumbing Ctd. Water Closet-the size piping used for this is 3 inch DWV. Manufactured tub still under construction. Plumbing Vent-supplies air so that draining water cannot create suction to pull water out of p-trap. Flush Mount bathroom sink

29. Plywood A structural material made of layers of wood glued together, usually with the grains of adjoining layers at right angles to each other. They are manufactured by slicing or rotary peeling thin sheets of material (veneer) from a flitch or log and then laminating three or more veneers into a rectangular sheet. Veneer-thin slices of wood, usually thinner than 3 mm that are glued onto core panels. Plywood

30. Radiant Barrier This radiant barrier is placed adjacent to an airspace in a roof or wall assembly as a deterrent to the passage of infrared energy.

31. Rebar This rebar is ½” in diameter and it is referred to as # 4 rebar. The purpose of deformations of rebar is to provide a greater bond with concrete.

32. Steep Roof Drainage The gutter is a channel that collects rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of a roof. The downspout is a vertical pipe for conducting water from roof to a lower level. The splash block is a small precast block of concrete or plastic used to divert water at the bottom of a downspout.

33. Steep Roof Materials Underlayment-is a layer of material, lined between the outer face of a structure and its underlying foundation. Its purpose is to act as insulation preventing hot or cold air from escaping or seeping through. Clay tile roof

34. Steep Roof Materials Ctd. This metal panel roof is made from metal pieces or tiles that is used for wind resistance and other weather conditions. Wood Shingles. Shingles- Building material used for siding or roofing.

35. Steep Roof Shapes Gable Roof Gambrel Roof Hip Roof Mansard Roof

36. Steep Roof Terms Ridge-the level of intersection of roof planes at their highest point. Valley-the sloping intersection of two roof planes that drains water towards it. Eave-the low level edge of a roof.

37. Steep Roof Terms Ctd. Rake-the sloping edge of a roof. Fascia-the exposed vertical face of an eave. House without a fascia. Fascia-the exposed vertical face of an eave.

38. Steep Roof Terms Ctd. Soffit-the undersurface of a horizontal element of a building, especially the underside of a stair or a roof overhang.

39. Stone Coursed Rubble pattern Random Rubble pattern

40. Stone Ctd. Random Ashlar Pattern Coursed Ashlar Pattern

41. Vapor Retarder Vapor Retarder-it’s a layer of material intended to obstruct the passage of water vapor through a building assembly. It is commonly put on the outside surface, which is visible from the framing part of constructing a house or building.

42. Waterproofing This is liquid applied waterproofing and it is a barrier designed to prevent water from entering or escaping from building structures.

43. Weep Hole Weep holes are small openings left in the outer wall of masonry construction as an outlet for water inside a building to move outside the wall and evaporate. It permits water to drain off.

44. Welded Wire Fabric Welded Wire Fabric-It is acting as a primary reinforcement to concrete slabs. The grid is 14”x53” inches.

45. Windows This is a double-hung window because it has two moving sashes that slide up and down. This is a single-hung window because it has one movable sash that slides up and down.

46. Windows Ctd. This is a awning window because it is hinged at the head jamb and tilts outward.