The document provides definitions and descriptions of various construction materials and building components. It covers topics like air barriers, attic ventilation components, backhoes, batter boards, brick types and bonds, building claddings, concrete joints, doors, electrical components, framing elements, insulation types, lintel, mortar joints, oriented strand board, plumbing fixtures, rebar, roofing materials and components, siding, stone types, vapor retarders, waterproofing, welded wire fabric, and window types.

1. Air Barrier Paper A sheet material that does not allow the passage of air or liquid water but permits the passage of water vapor. Allows water vapor to escape preventing rotting. At the same time prohibits the flow of air and water.

2. Attic Ventilation Gable Vent – Exhausts excess heat and humidity from attic. Ridge Vent – Allows air to circulate in and out of a gable roof at the ridge.

3. Attic Ventilation Cont. Soffit Vent – Used to allow air to flow into the attic. Roof Turbine – Exhausts hot, moist air out of the attic, using wind for power.

4. Backhoe Uses - used primarily for digging trenches and ditches on construction sites. Backhoe - A versatile piece of heavy machinery typically consisting of a diesel-powered tractor, a front loader attachment and a scooper bucket controlled by hydraulics. Bucket Width: 44 inches

5. Batter Boards Batter Boards – A temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be built in the excavation.

6. Brick Arches Arch with a Keystone Brick Arch #1 – Roman Arch Brick Arch #2 – Jack Arch

7. Centering Centering – Temporary scaffolding used to support an arch during construction.

8. Brick Bonds Flemish Bond – Flemish bond consists of alternating headers and stretchers along each course with the headers centered on the stretchers above and below. Common Bond – Common bond is a variation of running bond with a course of full length headers at regular intervals. Header courses usually appear at every fifth, sixth or seventh course.

9. Brick Bonds Cont. Rowlock Header

10. Brick Bonds Cont. Soldiers Sailors

11. Brick Bonds Cont. Stretcher Rowlock: AKA ‘Shiners’

12. Brick Sizes Modular Brick: 3 5/8” x 2 ¼” x 7 5/8” Roman Brick: 3 5/8” x 1 5/8” x 11 5/8”

13. Bulldozer Bulldozer – A bulldozer is a heavy piece of earthmoving equipment which consists of a tracked chassis, protective driver cage, rear-mounted ripper claw and a variety of front-mounted blades. Uses – A bulldozer uses a front-mounted 'dozer' blade to push soil forward and create a level surface for construction sites.

14. Cladding Brick Clad Structure EFIS Clad Structure

15. Cladding Cont. Stone Clad Structure: Coursed Ashlar Wood Board Clad Structure

16. Cladding Cont. Wood Shingle – Wood shingles are thin pieces of wood, which are sawn on both sides and used for exterior cladding. Wood Shake – Typically made of cedar, wood shakes are thicker than shingles and are split on one side rather than cut, giving them a more rustic look. Wood Shakes

17. Code Requirements Window Specs : 36” Width x 30” Height = 1080 sq. 1080 sq in./144 sq in. = 7.5 sq feet open space Window is 18” above finish floor. IBC Code Req . – Must be at least 5.7 sq. ft Opening height of 24”, width of 20” Max of 44” above finish floor. IBC code requires: 7 ¾” riser max height 10” min tread length Stair Riser Height: 7” Stair Tread Length: 11” This window meets the IBC code because it meets the min. required 5.7 square foot opening and is under the 44” maximum above the finish floor These stairs meet the IBC requirements because the riser is under the 7 ¾” height requirement and the tread length meets the minimum required 10” length.

18. Concrete Joints Control Joint – An intentional linear discontinuity in a structure or component to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere. Isolation Joint - Separation that allows adjoining parts of a structure to move freely from one another, both in the horizontal and vertical directions. The exterior brick wall is being separated from another brick wall which runs adjacent to it. Crack Control Joint

19. Concrete Masonry Unit 1 CMU = 3 Bricks CMU – A block of hardened concrete with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manner as brick or stone. Typical CMU = 7 5/8” x 7 5/8” x 15 5/8” 2 different CMU sizes CMU is much faster to lay and much cheaper than brick, making it an important building material.

20. Decorative CMU Split Block #1 Split Block #2

21. Doors Exterior Flush Door Exterior Panel Door Panel Stile Top Rail Lock Rail Bottom Rail

22. Doors Cont. Transom – A small window directly above a door. Sidelight – A narrow window along the side of a door.

23. Electrical Components Transformer – Electrical device that changes the voltage of an alternating current. Service Head – The assembly by which electricity is conducted through outdoor lines to the meter base. Transformer Service Head

24. Electrical Components Cont. Meter – An electric meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to or produced by a residence. Service Panel – Distributes power throughout a residence and houses circuit breakers or fuses. Duplex Receptacle – an outlet of electricity to power fixtures and appliances.

25. Framing Elements #2 Sill Plate #1 Anchor Bolt #3 Floor Joists

26. Framing Elements Cont. #4 Subflooring #5 Sole Plate #6 Stud

27. Framing Elements Cont. #7 Top Plate #8 Ceiling Joist #9 Roof Rafter

28. Framing Elements Cont. #10 Roof Decking #11 Sheathing #12 Stringer

29. Front End Loader A front-end loader is a large engineering vehicle used to pick up and move materials. They are often used in construction sites to move materials into a dump truck, container or other large piece of construction equipment. A front end loader differs from a bulldozer because it has wheels instead of tracks and its bucked it means for scooping and dumping, not just spreading. A front end loader differs from a backhoe because it’s meant for scooping and hauling, not excavating and digging.

30. Gypsum Boards Gypsum Board – Interior facing panel consisting of gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces also called drywall and plasterboard.

31. Heat Pump Advantage of heat pump: Ability to both heat and cool air Disadvantage: Relatively noisy Compressor function: A mechanical device used to compress gases in order to heat/cool a house. Condenser function: Condensers are heat exchangers, and can transfer heat to air or to an intermediate fluid. The Air Handling Unit houses the fan(s) that controls the flow of air throughout the house. It’s controlled by the thermostat.

32. Insulation Bat Insulation – Prevents heat flow. Used in exterior walls, attic and floors. Stapled or stuffed into place. Loose Fill Insulation – Prevents heat flow. Fills space easily in such locations as cores of hollow CMU’s or spaces between ceiling joists.

33. Insulation Cont. Foam Insulation – Prevents heat flow. Sprayed in and expands to fill all cracks and spaces where insulation is desired. Excess is scraped off after drying. Rigid Board Insulation – Prevents heat flow and sound travel. Can be installed on interior of roof rafters, living side of exterior walls, basement walls, etc.

34. Lintel Lintel – A beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening.

35. Mortar Concave Joint – Tooled, 3/8” Residential house S type mortar

36. Mortar Cont. Raked Joint – Tooled, 3/8” Commercial (Ware Jewelers) S type Mortar

37. Oriented Strand Board OSB – Non-veneer panel product. Logs are cut to length, debarked, and processed into precise strands ranging from 3 1/2" to 6" The strands are dried, sorted, and mixed with wax and a waterproof exterior-type binder and formed into large continuous mats. Then pressed at a high temperature and pressure to form panels.

38. Plumbing Lavatory Non pressure piping: 1 ½” Water Closet Drain Piping: 3” Shower installed before gypsum

39. Plumbing Cont. Roof Vent (VTR) – Supplies non-pressure piping with air so a vacuum is not created and is through the roof so we don’t have to smell the fumes. Drop in Kitchen Sink

40. Plywood Plywood – a wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer bound together under pressure. Logs are first stripped of bark, conditioned with hot water to improve peeling, a blade peels logs into sheets, sheets dry and are covered with waterproof glue, sheets pressed together and allowed to dry. Veneer – A thin layer, sheet, or facing.

41. Radiant Barrier Radiant Barrier – A reflective foil placed adjacent to an air space in roof or wall assemblies as a deterrent to the passage of infrared energy (radiant heat)

42. Rebar Rebar – ½ “ Thick # 4 Deformations are so concrete better adheres to the steel and prevents sliding.

43. Steep Roof Drainage Gutter – A channel that collects rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of a roof. Downspout – A vertical pipe for conducting water from a roof to a lower level Splashblock – Small, precast block of concrete, or plastic used to divert water at the bottom of a downspout.

44. Steep Roof Materials Underlayment – A layer of waterproof material such as building felt between roof sheathing and roofing. Allows moist air to pass up through it and evaporate however it does not allow the passage of water, adding another layer of waterproofing. Clay Tile Roof

45. Steep Roof Materials Cont. Shingle – A small unit of water resistant material, nailed in an overlapping fashion with many other such units to render a wall or sloping roof watertight. Metal Shingle Roof Metal Panel Roof Galvanized Steel

46. Steep Roof Shapes Gable Roof Gambrel Roof Hip Roof Mansard Roof

47. Steep Roof Terms Roof Ridge – The level intersection of two roof planes in a gabled roof. Roof Valley – A trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes.

48. Steep Roof Terms Eave – The horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof. Rake – The sloping edge of a steep roof.

49. Steep Roof Terms Soffit – The undersurface of a horizontal element of a building, especially the underside of a stair or roof overhang. Fascia – The exposed vertical space of a eave Fascia less House The exposed vertical eave is not covered, rather, the rafter tails are visible

50. Stone Random Ashlar Random Rubble Coursed Rubble Coursed Ashlar

51. Vapor Retarder Vapor Retarder – Intended to obstruct the passage of water vapor through a building assembly. Commonly installed towards the ‘warm in winter’ side of the building.

52. Waterproofing Waterproofing – A membrane applied to protect the foundation from water damage. Loosely Laid

53. Weep Hole Weep Hole – Small opening who’s purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component or assembly.

54. Welded Wire Fabric WWF – A grid of steel rods that are welded together used to reinforce a concrete slab.

55. Windows Sliding Window It is sliding because it has one fixed sash and another that moves horizontally in tracks. Single Hung It is single hung because it has two overlapping sashes the lower of which can slide vertically in tracks and the upper is fixed.

56. Windows Cont. Hopper Window It is a hopper because its sash pivots on an axis along or near the sill and opens by tilting toward the interior of the building.