The document presents an overview of virtual reality (VR) technology, covering its definition, need, systems, hardware, and future developments. VR is described as an immersive simulation environment used in various fields such as scientific research, medicine, and education, utilizing different hardware like head-mounted displays and motion trackers. The future of VR indicates increased demand for VR programming and advancements in hardware that may revolutionize user interfaces and gaming industries.

1. A
PRESENTATION ON
VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNOLOGY
Presented By:
Yogesh Kumar Kewlani
B. Tech. (CSE)

2. CONTENT
• WHAT IS VIRTUAL REALITY?
• WHY WE NEED VIRTUAL REALITY?
• VIRTUAL REALITY SYSTEMS
• VIRTUAL REALITY HARDWARE
• VIRTUAL REALITY DEVELOPING
TOOLS
• THE FUTURE OF VIRTUAL REALITY

3. WHAT IS VIRTUAL REALITY ?
• VIRTUAL REALITY IS, PLAINLY SPEAKING, SEEING AN
IMAGINARY WORLD, RATHER THAN THE REAL ONE. SEEING,
HEARING, SMELLING, TESTING, FEELING. THE IMAGINARY
WORLD IS A SIMULATION RUNNING IN A COMPUTER. THE
SENSE DATA IS FED BY SOME SYSTEM TO OUR BRAIN.
• A MEDIUM COMPOSED OF INTERACTIVE COMPUTER
SIMULATIONS GIVING USERS THE FEELING OF BEING
PRESENT IN THE SIMULATIONS.

4. WHY VIRTUAL REALITY IS NEEDED?
 Scientific Visualization
 Scientific Visualization provides the
researcher with immediate graphical
feedback during the course of the
computations and gives him/her the ability to
'steer' the solution process.
 Application at NASA Ames Research Center
is the Virtual Planetary Exploration. It helps
planetary geologists to remotely analyze the
surface of a planet. They use VR techniques
to roam planetary terrains.

5. NASA VR Mars navigation
simulation
Geologists
remotely analyzing
the surface of a
planet at NASA

6. WHY VIRTUAL REALITY IS NEEDED?
 Medicine
 Until now experimental research and
education in medicine was mainly based on
dissection and study of plastic models.
Computerized 3D human models provide a
new approach to research and education in
medicine. Experimenting medical research
with virtual patients will be a reality.
 We will be able to create not only realistic
looking virtual patients, but also histological
and bone structures. With the simulation of
the entire physiology of the human body,

7. REAL 3D ULTRASOUND
EXPERIMENT

8. EXPOSURE THERAPY FOR
ACROPHOBIA
Virtual Elevator

9. WHY VIRTUAL REALITY IS NEEDED?
 Education and training
The most common example is the flight
simulator. This type of simulator has shown the
benefits of simulation environments for
training. They have lower operating costs and
are safer to use than real aircraft.
They also allow the simulation of dangerous
scenarios not allowable with real aircraft.

10. VIRTUAL REALITY SYSTEMS
VR SYSTEMS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO THREE GROUPS
• NON-IMMERSIVE SYSTEMS (LIKE
WORKSTATIONS)
SEE INFORMATION ABOUT THE REAL WORLD,
PRESENTED VIA COMPUTER - LOCATION BASED
SERVICES, GIS .
• HYBRID SYSTEMS (GRAPHICS ON TOP OF
REAL WORLD) ALSO CALLED: AUGMENTED
REALITY SYSTEMS
STAY IN REAL WORLD, BUT SEE SIMULATED OBJECTS
• IMMERSIVE SYSTEMS (LIKE HMD OR CAVE)
SEE SIMULATED WORLD AND "BE" IN THAT SIMULATED
WORLD

11. Non-immersive systems
“Through- the - window”
Large display, but
doesn’t surround
the user.

12. Augmented reality
Stay in real world, but see simulated objects
Information
Visualization

13. More Augmented reality
Stay in real world, but see simulated objects
AR Museums

14. More Augmented reality
Stay in real world, but see simulated objects
Augmented Reality can
be used for training as
well as for assembly
purpose

15. IMMERSIVE SYSTEMS (CAVE)
SEE SIMULATED WORLD AND "BE" IN THAT SIMULATED WORLD
• THE CAVE (CAVE AUTOMATIC
VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT)
PROVIDES THE ILLUSION OF
IMMERSION BY PROJECTING
STEREO IMAGES ON THE WALLS
AND FLOOR OF A ROOM-SIZED
CUBE.
• SEVERAL PERSONS WEARING
LIGHTWEIGHT STEREO GLASSES
CAN ENTER AND WALK FREELY
INSIDE THE CAVE.

16. CAVE Pictures
See simulated world and "be" in that simulated world
Illusions of immersion

17. HARDWARE USED IN VR
• INPUT DEVICES:
A VARIETY OF INPUT DEVICES ALLOW
THE USER TO NAVIGATE THROUGH A
VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT AND TO
INTERACT WITH VIRTUAL OBJECTS.
DIRECTIONAL SOUND, TACTILE AND
FORCE FEEDBACK DEVICES, VOICE
RECOGNITION AND OTHER
TECHNOLOGIES ARE BEING EMPLOYED
TO ENRICH THE IMMERSIVE
EXPERIENCE AND TO CREATE MORE
"SENSUALIZED" INTERFACES.

18. INPUT DEVICES (THE DATA GLOVE)
the sensors measure the bending angles of the joints of the thumb and
the lower and middle knuckles of the others fingers, Attached to the
back is a Polhemus sensor to measure orientation and position of the
gloved hand. This
information, along with the ten flex angles for the knuckles is
transmitted through a serial communication line to the host computer.

19. INPUT DEVICES (MOTION TRACKERS)
The Motion Tracking system is based on magnetic sensors which are
attached to the user. Most common are sensors measuring the
intensity of a magnetic field generated at a reference point. The motion
of the different segments is tracked using magnetic sensors . These
sensors return raw data (e.g. positions and orientations) expressed in a
single frame system..

20. OTHER INPUT DEVICES
• MIDI KEYBOARD
A MIDI KEYBOARD CONTROLLER HAS 88 KEYS, ANY OF
WHICH CAN BE STRUCK WITHIN A FRACTION OF SECOND.
EACH KEY TRANSMITS VELOCITY OF KEYSTROKE AS WELL
AS PRESSURE AFTER THE KEY IS PRESSED.
• REAL-TIME VIDEO INPUT
SIRIUS® VIDEO CARD FROM SILICON GRAPHICS. WITH
SIRIUS®, IMAGES ARE DIGITIZED AT A FREQUENCY OF 25 HZ
(PAL) OR 30 HZ (NTSC) AND MAY BE ANALYZED BY THE VR
PROGRAM.
• REAL-TIME AUDIO INPUT
SPEECH SYNTHESIS FACILITIES ARE OF CLEAR UTILITY IN A
VR ENVIRONMENT ESPECIALLY FOR COMMAND FEEDBACK.
ALTHOUGH SPEECH SYNTHESIS SOFTWARE IS AVAILABLE
EVEN AT THE PERSONAL COMPUTER LEVEL, SOME
IMPROVEMENT IS STILL NEEDED, PARTICULARLY IN THE
QUALITY OF SPEECH.

21. OUTPUT DEVICES
HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS (HMDS)
The head-mounted display (HMD) was the first device providing its
wearer with an immersive experience. A typical HMD houses two
miniature display screens and an optical system that channels the
images from the screens to the eyes, thereby, presenting a stereo view
of a virtual world. As a result, the viewer can look around and walk
through the surrounding virtual environment.

22. BOOM (BINOCULAR OMNI-ORIENTATION
MONITOR)
The BOOM (Binocular Omni-Orientation Monitor) from Fake space is a
head-coupled stereoscopic display device. Screens and optical system
are housed in a box that is attached to a multi-link arm. The user
looks into the box through two holes, sees the virtual world, and can
guide the box to any position within the operational volume of the
device.

23. HAPTIC INTERFACES AND TACTILE
FEEDBACK FOR VE APPLICATIONS
CyberGrasp
Haptic feedback interface enables user to actually "touch" computer-generated
objects and experience force feedback via the human hand.
The CyberGrasp® is a lightweight, unencumbering force-reflecting
exoskeleton that fits over a
CyberGlove® and adds resistive force feedback to each finger. With the
CyberGrasp® force feedback system, users are able to explore the
physical
properties of computer-generated 3D objects they manipulate in a
simulated 'virtual world.'

24. VIRTUAL REALITY DEVELOPING
TOOLS
(VIRTUAL REALITY MODELING
LANGUAGE)
• IN ADDITION TO HTML (HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE),
THAT HAS BECOME A STANDARD AUTHORING TOOL FOR
THE CREATION OF HOME PAGES, VRML PROVIDES THREE-DIMENSIONAL
WORLDS WITH INTEGRATED HYPERLINKS ON
THE WEB..
• THE VIEWING OF VRML MODELS VIA A VRML PLUG-IN FOR
WEB BROWSERS IS USUALLY DONE ON A GRAPHICS
MONITOR UNDER MOUSE-CONTROL AND, THEREFORE, NOT
FULLY IMMERSIVE.
• HOWEVER THE SYNTAX AND DATA STRUCTURE OF VRML
PROVIDE AN EXCELLENT TOOL FOR THE MODELING OF
THREE-DIMENSIONAL WORLDS THAT ARE FUNCTIONAL
AND INTERACTIVE AND THAT CAN, ULTIMATELY, BE
TRANSFERRED INTO FULLY IMMERSIVE VIEWING SYSTEMS.
• THE CURRENT VERSION VRML 2.0 HAS BECOME AN
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC STANDARD UNDER THE NAME
VRML97.

25. THE FUTURE OF VIRTUAL
REALITY
• VIRTUAL REALITY IS A GROWING INDUSTRY
• PC AND SPECIALIZED HARDWARE ARE GETTING BETTER,
FASTER AND CHEAPER BECAUSE OF DEVELOPMENT IN VR.
• MAYBE 3D USER INTERFACES WILL REPLACE THE WINDOWS
BASED ONES?
• HUGE DEMAND FOR VRML PROGRAMMERS IN NEAR
FUTURE.
• REVOLUTION IN GAMING INDUSTRIES

26. “SO A VIRTUAL REALITY IS A
SYNTHETIC SENSORY EXPERIENCE
WHICH MAY ONE DAY BE
INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM THE
REAL PHYSICAL WORLD “
- KALAWSKY, R.S.

27. REFERENCES
• http://www.vrs.org.uk/
• http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/other-gadgets/virtual-reality8.
htm
• http://www.cs.uic.edu/~kenyon/conferences/nasa/workshop_noor.html

28. THANKS…