Springs are elastic bodies that can be twisted, pulled, or stretched by an applied force and return to their original shape when the force is released. There is physics behind springs in that when stretched or squashed, a spring creates an opposite force to return to its initial position. Springs are manufactured through processes like winding, grinding, calibration, and coating and can be made from materials like steel, titanium, and copper. Common types of springs include helical tension springs, compression springs, torsion springs, leaf springs, and gas springs. Springs are widely used to avoid vibration, apply forces, and control motion in machines.

2. Introduction: Springs are elastic bodies
(generally metal) that can be twisted
pulled or stretched by some force. They
can be return to their original shape when
the force is released.
In other words it is termed as resilent member.

3. Concept: There is not much physics behind it when
the spring is stretched or squashed it creates a force in
the opposite direction because the spring tries to get
back to its original position.

4. Manufacturing : Preperation: Start preparing
Winding : Having curve and twisting shape.

5. Grinding : To perform operations of reducing to fine particles.
Calibration : To determine check or to divide

6. Coating : a layer or a thin film spread
Testing : A means of trial

7. Materials req :
High carbon steel
Chrome vanadium
Titanium
Chrome silicon
Stainless steel
Copper
Monel
Oil tempered

8.  Helical tension
spring :It has some means
of transferring the load from
the support to the body by
means of some arrangement.
 The spring is loaded along the
axis

9.  Compression spring : Is designed to
operate with a compression load, so
the spring gets shorter as the load is
applied to it
 Torsion spring : The ends of the
spring are attached to other
application objects, so that if the object
rotates around the center of the spring,
it tends to push the spring to retrieve
its normal position.
It releases the load in an arc around the
axis.

10.  Leaf spring : a flat spring used
in vehicle suspensions,
electrical switches, and bows.
 These spring is usually use to
vehicles with heavy load.

11.  Cantiliver spring : The spring
which is fixed at one end.
 It is used for orthodantics
treatement in dental surgeries.
 Gas spring : It help to compress gas

12.  Volute spring : A volute
spring is a
compression spring in the form
of a cone .
Under compression, the coils
slide past each other, thus
enabling the spring to be
compressed to a very short
length in comparison

14.  Mostly we use spring to avoid vibration
because the sudden vibrations in a car may
effect the human and it cause vomiting .
 To avoid vibrations in machines.
 To apply forces and controlling motion in
clutches and brakes
 It helps in storing energy as in case of watches
and toys.

15.  If the deflection of the spring exceeds some
critical value than the spring will buckle .
 It is difficult to replace the spring
 Ones the spring is damaged it is difficult to
repare.