The document discusses different types of verbs including: main verbs which have meaning on their own; transitive verbs which take direct objects; intransitive verbs which do not take objects; linking verbs which link the subject to a complement; dynamic verbs which describe actions; and stative verbs which describe states. It also discusses the classification of verbs as regular or irregular, finite or non-finite, and provides examples of each verb type.

2. A Verb is a word or a phrase
that expresses an action or
state of being.
A verb is one of the most
important part of the sentence.

3. • Verbs can be classified in many different
ways. We will distinguish different types of
verbs according to the following aspects:
– according to the meaning and function: lexical,
linking or auxiliary
– according to the number of objects it requires:
intransitive or transitive
– according to the form: finite or non-finite
Kinds of Verbs

4. They are verbs that have meaning on their
own.
They are not dependent on another verb.
They refer to situations types of different
kinds ( events, actions, processes or states)
arrive, see, walk, change, contain

5. There are thousands of main
verbs and we can further break
them down into the following
classifications:
•Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
•Linking Verbs
•Dynamic and Static Verbs
•Regular and Irregular Verbs
•Finite and non-finite verbs

6. A transitive verb always has a noun
that receives the action of the verb.
This noun is called the direct
object.
The verb usually expresses some kind
of physical or mental action that is
transmitted from the subject to the
object.

7. (The verb is raises. Her hand is an object
receiving the verb’s action.
Therefore, raises is a transitive verb.)
EXAMPLE:
Laura raises her hand.
I saw an elephant.
We are watching TV.
He speaks English.

8. Transitive verbs sometimes have
indirect objects, which name the
object to whom or for whom the
action was done.
EXAMPLE: Jane gave Becky the pencil.
(The verb is gave. The direct object is the
pencil. [What did he give? the pencil].
The indirect object is Becky. [To whom did he
give it? to Becky.])

9. An intransitive verb NEVER has a
direct or indirect object.
Although an intransitive verb may
be followed by an adverb or
adverbial phrase, there is no
object to receive its action.

10. He has arrived.
John goes to school.
She speaks fast.
EXAMPLE:
Laura rises slowly from her seat.
(The verb is the word, rises. The
words, slowly from her seat,
modify the verb. But there is no
object that receives the action.)

11. A linking verb does not have much
meaning in itself.
It must be followed by a complement to
complete its meaning.
It "links" the subject to what is said
about the subject.

12. The complement to a linking verb
may be a noun or an adjective.
Usually, a linking verb shows equality
(=) or a change to a different state or
place (>).
Linking verbs are usyally intransitive
(but not all intransitive verbs are
linking verbs).

13. The main linking verb is the verb TO
BE
Other linking verbs: BECOME,
REMAIN, SEEM, LOOK, APPEAR, FEEL,
SOUND, TASTE, COST, WEIGH, TOTAL ,
EQUAL

14. EXAMPLES:
Jason became a business major.
(The verb, became, links the subject, Jason, to its
complement, a business major.)
Lisa is in love with Jason.
(The verb, is, links the subject, Lisa, to the subject
complement, in love with Jason, which describes
Lisa.)

15. LINKING:
Libby appeared happy.
(Appeared links Libby to the subject
complement, happy.)
ACTION:
Deon suddenly appeared.
(Here, appeared is an intransitive action
verb.)

17. They refer to actions or to changing
situations.

18. They can be used in continuous or
progressive as well as in simple
forms
PROGRESSIVE FORMS SIMPLE FORMS
I’m looking at you. I often look at you.
I·m listening to music. I often listen to music.

19. They describe state (non-action, a
situation).
They cannot normally be used with
continuous tenses (though some of them can
be used with continuous tenses with a change
in meaning).

20. 1. VERBS OF THE SENSES
Appear
Hear
Look like
See
Taste

21. 2. VERBS OF THINKING
Agree
Believe
Forget
Know
Think
Understand

22. 3. VERBS OF THE FEELINGS
Like
Hate
Love
Prefer
Want
Wish

23. 4. VERBS OF POSSESSION
Belong to
Contain
Have
Own

24. 5. VERBS OF BEING
Be
Exist

25. 6. OTHER VERBS
Cost
Depend on
Mean
Need

26. STATIVE VERBS IN THE CONTINUOUS FORM
They can be used in the continous form but
the meaning changes.
HAVE
Action:
“He’s having a shower” (=taking)
State: “He has a house in London”

27. THINK
“He thinks Obama will win the elections”
(opinion = state)
“what are you thinking now?” (action)

28. SEE
Action: “I’m seeing my dentist next
Tuesday” (=have an appointment with)
State: “ I see what you mean”
(=understand)

29. REGULAR verbs are formed by adding –ED or –
D to the base :
work worked live -lived
rain rained love -loved
start started like -liked

30. IRREGULAR VERBS do not follow the rules
of the regular verbs. They do not add ED,
they CHANGE.
become became become
go went gone
cost cost cost
Speak spoke spoken

32. All verbs have finite and non-finite forms.
FINITE VERBS are verbs that are inflected for
tense, mood, person and number.
Example:
Sean COMES from Ireland.
COMES:
Tense: simple present
Person: 3rd person singular
Mood: indicative mood
Verbs which have the imperative, the simple
past tense or the simple present tense are called
FINITE verbs

33. THE IMPERATIVE
It has only one form, which is the same as the
BASE form of a verb.
Please be quiet.
Come here.
Go out.
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
The simple present tense of BE has three forms (am,
is, are). The simple present tense of every full verb
except Be has two forms.
This is his photograph.
They work in a hospital.
Mary finishes work at 9.

34. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
The simple past tense of BE has two forms, WAS,
WERE.
The simple past tense of every verb except BE has
one form only.
He was my friend.
They worked in a hospital.
She wrote a poem.

35. A non-finite verb (or a verbal) is a verb form
that is not limited by a subject; and more
generally, it is not fully inflected by categories.
The infinitive, present and past participles are
the non-finite verbs.

36. THE INFINITIVE
The boys were waiting for the headmaster
to come in.
Everyone could see that.
The infinitive, too, has the same form as the base,
although it is often preceded by the INFINITIVE
MARKER, to, as in to come. In could see the infinitive
is BARE.

37. THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE (OR –ING PARTICLE):
…waiting for the headmaster to come in.
The boys saw the teacher sleeping.
The present participle is formed, in every
case, by adding -ing, to the base.

38. THE PAST PARTICIPLE OR (-ED PARTICLE)
I have just telephoned George Lamb.
Called by their parents the boys travelled to
England.
With regular verbs, and a number of irregular ones
as well, the past participle has the same form as
the past tense.

39. FINITE VERB PHRASES
He smokes heavily.
He is working.
He had been offended before.
NON-FINITE VERB PHRASES
To smoke like that must be dangerous.
I found him working.
Having been offended before, he was sensitive.
(All verb phrases beginning with a modal are finite)
You must be able to speak English fluently.
Perhaps I could see you tomorrow.
FINITE AND NON-FINITE VERB PHRASES